PubMed:20040515 JSONTXT

{"project":"CL-cell","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":357,"end":383},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":402,"end":408},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":935,"end":973},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":975,"end":980},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1078,"end":1083},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1330,"end":1335},"obj":"Cell"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0002139"},{"id":"A2","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000236"},{"id":"A3","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0011030"},{"id":"A4","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0011030"},{"id":"A5","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0011030"},{"id":"A6","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0011030"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

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{"project":"Glycosmos6-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":165,"end":173},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000078"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

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{"project":"uniprot-human","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":23,"end":33},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17931"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":220,"end":230},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17931"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":638,"end":648},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17931"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":856,"end":866},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17931"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1051},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17931"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1196,"end":1206},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17931"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1450,"end":1460},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17931"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1509,"end":1519},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17931"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1631,"end":1641},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17931"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":856,"end":874},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q08380"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1279,"end":1289},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P09382"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"uniprot-mouse","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":23,"end":33},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16110"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":220,"end":230},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16110"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":638,"end":648},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16110"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":856,"end":866},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16110"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1051},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16110"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1196,"end":1206},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16110"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1450,"end":1460},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16110"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1509,"end":1519},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16110"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1631,"end":1641},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16110"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1279,"end":1289},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16045"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"GlycoBiology-NCBITAXON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":46,"end":53},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/47206"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":117,"end":121},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/158455"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":117,"end":121},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/3554"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":194,"end":200},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/6754"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":293,"end":300},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/47206"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":378,"end":383},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":541,"end":548},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/47206"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":725,"end":729},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/87005"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":782,"end":788},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T024"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":811,"end":817},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T024"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":917,"end":920},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/82391"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":968,"end":973},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1124,"end":1128},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/87005"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1146,"end":1151},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1371,"end":1375},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/87005"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1398,"end":1402},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/87005"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1523,"end":1527},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/87005"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1596,"end":1600},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/87005"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":731,"end":747},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051293"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1129,"end":1145},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051293"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1528,"end":1544},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051293"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1222,"end":1237},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1698,"end":1710},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1754,"end":1765},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032502"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"GO-CC","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":378,"end":383},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":968,"end":973},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":404,"end":408},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":748,"end":752},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1545,"end":1549},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":740,"end":747},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005819"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1138,"end":1145},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005819"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1537,"end":1544},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005819"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1678,"end":1682},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0018995"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"UBERON-AE","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":187,"end":193},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000310"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":782,"end":788},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":811,"end":817},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":942,"end":967},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008339"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"Allie","denotations":[{"id":"SS1_20040515_3_0","span":{"begin":284,"end":300},"obj":"expanded"},{"id":"SS2_20040515_3_0","span":{"begin":302,"end":304},"obj":"abbr"},{"id":"SS1_20040515_4_0","span":{"begin":532,"end":571},"obj":"expanded"},{"id":"SS2_20040515_4_0","span":{"begin":573,"end":577},"obj":"abbr"},{"id":"SS1_20040515_5_0","span":{"begin":689,"end":723},"obj":"expanded"},{"id":"SS2_20040515_5_0","span":{"begin":725,"end":729},"obj":"abbr"},{"id":"SS1_20040515_6_0","span":{"begin":935,"end":973},"obj":"expanded"},{"id":"SS2_20040515_6_0","span":{"begin":975,"end":980},"obj":"abbr"}],"relations":[{"id":"AE1_20040515_3_0","pred":"abbreviatedTo","subj":"SS1_20040515_3_0","obj":"SS2_20040515_3_0"},{"id":"AE1_20040515_4_0","pred":"abbreviatedTo","subj":"SS1_20040515_4_0","obj":"SS2_20040515_4_0"},{"id":"AE1_20040515_5_0","pred":"abbreviatedTo","subj":"SS1_20040515_5_0","obj":"SS2_20040515_5_0"},{"id":"AE1_20040515_6_0","pred":"abbreviatedTo","subj":"SS1_20040515_6_0","obj":"SS2_20040515_6_0"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"EDAM-topics","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":81,"end":89},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_0078"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":194,"end":200},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_2640"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":429,"end":437},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_0634"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":523,"end":530},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_0634"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":716,"end":723},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_2830"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":764,"end":769},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_2815"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":811,"end":829},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_3518"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":818,"end":829},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_3518"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":818,"end":829},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_0200"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":867,"end":874},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_0078"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":867,"end":885},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_0108"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":867,"end":885},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_0121"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1222,"end":1237},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_0203"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1222,"end":1237},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_3512"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1222,"end":1237},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_3308"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1222,"end":1237},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_0110"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1621,"end":1630},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/topic_0154"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"EDAM-DFO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":81,"end":89},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/format_1208"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":81,"end":89},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/data_1467"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":796,"end":804},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/data_3108"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":839,"end":850},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/operation_2246"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":867,"end":874},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/format_1208"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":867,"end":874},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/data_1467"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1238,"end":1246},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/operation_2945"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1563,"end":1567},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/data_0006"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1740,"end":1749},"obj":"http://edamontology.org/operation_2423"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease","denotations":[{"id":"20040515-0#23#33#gene3958","span":{"begin":23,"end":33},"obj":"gene3958"},{"id":"20040515-0#37#53#diseaseC0036220","span":{"begin":37,"end":53},"obj":"diseaseC0036220"},{"id":"20040515-2#58#68#gene3958","span":{"begin":220,"end":230},"obj":"gene3958"},{"id":"20040515-2#103#120#diseaseC0178874","span":{"begin":265,"end":282},"obj":"diseaseC0178874"}],"relations":[{"id":"23#33#gene395837#53#diseaseC0036220","pred":"associated_with","subj":"20040515-0#23#33#gene3958","obj":"20040515-0#37#53#diseaseC0036220"},{"id":"58#68#gene3958103#120#diseaseC0178874","pred":"associated_with","subj":"20040515-2#58#68#gene3958","obj":"20040515-2#103#120#diseaseC0178874"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"GlycoBiology-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":165,"end":173},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000078"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"GlyTouCan-IUPAC","denotations":[{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T1","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G41652MJ\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T2","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G20761YC\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T3","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G19807HM\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T4","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G20351TE\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T5","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G71957MR\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T6","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G59040AE\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T7","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G14987PW\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T8","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G95064PC\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T9","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G39143AQ\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T10","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G65149OO\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T11","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G02766SY\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T12","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G26019KJ\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T13","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G36429CZ\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T14","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G89633TP\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T15","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G28494FO\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T16","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G06219CP\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T17","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G44237SM\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T18","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G57948RL\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T19","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G64016DN\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T20","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G14536PC\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T21","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G14356FW\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T22","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G34565UO\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T23","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G67124MW\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T24","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G71457ZU\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T25","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G55228VZ\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T26","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G31034MJ\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T27","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G25776IP\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T28","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G64442BV\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T29","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G57018LE\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T30","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G61761GX\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T31","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G76318UX\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T32","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G61906ER\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T33","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G68723GR\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T34","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G19540LE\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T35","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G74944PO\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T36","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G89489ZJ\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T37","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G04434YU\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T38","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G21450PB\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T39","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G93629QY\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T40","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G02603TR\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T41","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G40280JP\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T42","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G95259IC\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T43","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G26900FE\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T44","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G21346KK\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T45","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G62509FF\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T46","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G83932AK\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T47","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G96978IB\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T48","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G34275DN\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T49","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G07071JF\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T50","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G80639QD\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T51","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G99460PJ\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T52","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G22024BZ\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T53","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G74097ZY\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T54","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G84439YP\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T55","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G52207WQ\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T56","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G90695MS\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T57","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G50398QX\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T58","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G12166ZT\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T59","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G48368BR\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T60","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G57407RW\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T61","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G00386TY\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T62","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G18723JK\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T63","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G93757OR\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T64","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G29006SI\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T65","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G03099OQ\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T66","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G53739OW\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T67","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G70440ZO\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T68","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G29951RR\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T69","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G58402TI\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T70","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G39875TP\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T71","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G83439QV\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T72","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G41762RC\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T73","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G91604UI\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T74","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G88447WE\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T75","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G93634BS\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T76","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G02587BH\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T77","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G43511MX\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T78","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G64958DH\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T79","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G30384TR\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T80","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G15624EX\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T81","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G22706ST\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T82","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G57408PI\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T83","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G86403XX\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T84","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G78043YB\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T85","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G18952JK\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T86","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G49020ND\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T87","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G63590YW\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T88","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G22793KS\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T89","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G64134SS\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T90","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G17338HY\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T91","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G99745XF\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T92","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G27782HN\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T93","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G57496DC\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T94","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G93169WB\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T95","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G05518TD\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T96","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G62603DN\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T97","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G59574FS\""},{"id":"GlycanIUPAC_T98","span":{"begin":1419,"end":1422},"obj":"\"http://rdf.glycoinfo.org/glycan/G47567WC\""}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"Lectin","denotations":[{"id":"Lectin_T1","span":{"begin":1279,"end":1289},"obj":"https://acgg.asia/db/lfdb/LfDB0270"},{"id":"Lectin_T2","span":{"begin":1279,"end":1289},"obj":"https://acgg.asia/db/lfdb/LfDB0057"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"GlycoBiology-Epitope","denotations":[{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T1","span":{"begin":1092,"end":1099},"obj":"id"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"performance-test","denotations":[{"id":"PD-UBERON-AE-B_T1","span":{"begin":782,"end":788},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479"},{"id":"PD-UBERON-AE-B_T2","span":{"begin":811,"end":817},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479"},{"id":"PD-UBERON-AE-B_T3","span":{"begin":187,"end":193},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000310"},{"id":"PD-UBERON-AE-B_T4","span":{"begin":942,"end":967},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008339"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"mondo_disease","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":4},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":37,"end":53},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":187,"end":200},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":250,"end":270},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":284,"end":300},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":302,"end":304},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":348,"end":365},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":453,"end":479},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":498,"end":530},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":532,"end":578},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":607,"end":609},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":779,"end":781},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":808,"end":810},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":921,"end":925},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1068},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1316,"end":1320},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1352,"end":1354},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1355,"end":1361},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1426,"end":1432},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1581,"end":1585},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1714,"end":1716},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007254"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024296"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018842"},{"id":"A9","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019754"},{"id":"A10","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A11","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A12","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A13","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A14","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A15","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A16","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A17","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A18","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070"},{"id":"A19","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070"},{"id":"A20","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"},{"id":"A21","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005055"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"Anatomy-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":165,"end":173},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000078"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"HP-phenotype","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":37,"end":53},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":187,"end":200},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":265,"end":270},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":284,"end":300},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":302,"end":304},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":348,"end":353},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":532,"end":548},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":607,"end":609},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":779,"end":781},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":808,"end":810},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1352,"end":1354},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1714,"end":1716},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"HP:0100726"},{"id":"A2","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T2","obj":"HP:0003002"},{"id":"A3","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T3","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A4","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T4","obj":"HP:0100726"},{"id":"A5","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T5","obj":"HP:0100726"},{"id":"A6","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T6","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A7","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T7","obj":"HP:0100726"},{"id":"A8","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T8","obj":"HP:0100726"},{"id":"A9","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T9","obj":"HP:0100726"},{"id":"A10","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T10","obj":"HP:0100726"},{"id":"A11","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T11","obj":"HP:0100726"},{"id":"A12","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T12","obj":"HP:0100726"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"HP","uri":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"NCBITAXON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":4},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":532,"end":571},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":573,"end":577},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":764,"end":769},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":921,"end":925},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1068},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1316,"end":1320},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1581,"end":1585},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"db_id","subj":"T1","obj":"37296"},{"id":"A2","pred":"db_id","subj":"T2","obj":"37296"},{"id":"A3","pred":"db_id","subj":"T3","obj":"37296"},{"id":"A4","pred":"db_id","subj":"T4","obj":"9606"},{"id":"A5","pred":"db_id","subj":"T5","obj":"37296"},{"id":"A6","pred":"db_id","subj":"T6","obj":"37296"},{"id":"A7","pred":"db_id","subj":"T7","obj":"37296"},{"id":"A8","pred":"db_id","subj":"T8","obj":"37296"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}

{"project":"Anatomy-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":165,"end":173},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":187,"end":193},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":357,"end":383},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":402,"end":408},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":782,"end":788},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":811,"end":817},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":935,"end":973},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":975,"end":980},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1078,"end":1083},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1330,"end":1335},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002367"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000310"},{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002139"},{"id":"A4","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236"},{"id":"A5","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479"},{"id":"A6","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479"},{"id":"A7","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0011030"},{"id":"A8","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0011030"},{"id":"A9","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0011030"},{"id":"A10","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0011030"}],"text":"KSHV downregulation of galectin-3 in Kaposi's sarcoma.\nGalectins are a family of proteins that share an affinity for beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates. In prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, downregulation of galectin-3 is associated with malignancy and tumor progression. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of KS. We found reduced levels of galectin-3 expression in a significant fraction of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-positive spindle cell regions in human archival KS tissue and as measured in KS tissue microarrays. Here we demonstrate that galectin-3 protein expression is downregulated 10-fold in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) accompanied by downregulation of message. There is loss of galectin-3 staining in KSHV-infected DMVEC by dual labeled immunohistochemistry in LANA-positive spindle cells. We observed a consistent downregulation of galectin-3 by time-course transcriptional analysis. Of the galectins assayed, only galectin-1 was also downregulated in KSHV-infected DMVEC. We examined 86 KS tumors; 19 were LANA positive (22%) and 67 LANA negative (78%). All 86 tumors were found to be galectin-3 positive; 11 of 19 showed reduced expression of galectin-3 in LANA-positive spindle cell regions. Our data suggest that KSHV vFLIP and LANA are the viral genes targeting galectin-3 downregulation. The contribution of host factors to the pathogenesis of KS is essential for early detection and development of innovative therapies for treatment."}