PubMed:19891556 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PubMed/sourceid/19891556","sourcedb":"PubMed","sourceid":"19891556","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19891556","text":"Clopidogrel pharmacogenomics and risk of inadequate platelet inhibition: US FDA recommendations.\nAntiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel is the current standard of care for coronary artery disease patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention. However, approximately 25% of patients experience a subtherapeutic antiplatelet response. Clopidogrel is a prodrug that undergoes hepatic biotransformation by CYP2C19 into its active metabolite. Several studies have reported that, compared with wild-type individuals, CYP2C19 variant allele carriers exhibit a significantly lower capacity to metabolize clopidogrel into its active metabolite and inhibit platelet activation, and are therefore at significantly higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Consequently, the US FDA has recently changed clopidogrel's prescribing information to highlight the impact of CYP2C19 genotype on clopidogrel pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical response. Future studies remain necessary to develop effective personalized therapeutic strategies for CYP2C19 variant allele carriers and other individuals at risk for clopidogrel nonresponsiveness.","tracks":[{"project":"LitCoin-entities","denotations":[{"id":"6773","span":{"begin":0,"end":11},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"6774","span":{"begin":123,"end":134},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"6775","span":{"begin":171,"end":194},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"},{"id":"6776","span":{"begin":195,"end":203},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"6777","span":{"begin":283,"end":291},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"6778","span":{"begin":343,"end":354},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"6779","span":{"begin":412,"end":419},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"6780","span":{"begin":521,"end":528},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"6781","span":{"begin":606,"end":617},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"6782","span":{"begin":805,"end":816},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"6783","span":{"begin":870,"end":877},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"6784","span":{"begin":890,"end":901},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"6785","span":{"begin":1053,"end":1060},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"6786","span":{"begin":1119,"end":1130},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2","pred":"db_id","subj":"6774","obj":"MESH:D000077144"},{"id":"A6","pred":"db_id","subj":"6778","obj":"MESH:D000077144"},{"id":"A1","pred":"db_id","subj":"6773","obj":"MESH:D000077144"},{"id":"A14","pred":"db_id","subj":"6786","obj":"MESH:D000077144"},{"id":"A10","pred":"db_id","subj":"6782","obj":"MESH:D000077144"},{"id":"A3","pred":"db_id","subj":"6775","obj":"MESH:D003324"},{"id":"A7","pred":"db_id","subj":"6779","obj":"NCBIGene:1557"},{"id":"A4","pred":"db_id","subj":"6776","obj":"NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"A5","pred":"db_id","subj":"6777","obj":"NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"A8","pred":"db_id","subj":"6780","obj":"NCBIGene:1557"},{"id":"A11","pred":"db_id","subj":"6783","obj":"NCBIGene:1557"},{"id":"A9","pred":"db_id","subj":"6781","obj":"MESH:D000077144"},{"id":"A13","pred":"db_id","subj":"6785","obj":"NCBIGene:1557"},{"id":"A12","pred":"db_id","subj":"6784","obj":"MESH:D000077144"},{"subj":"6773","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6774","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6775","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6776","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6777","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6778","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6779","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6780","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6781","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6782","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6783","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6784","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6785","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"},{"subj":"6786","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-entities"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://w3id.org/biolink/vocab/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"NCBITaxon","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id="},{"prefix":"NCBIGene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"OMIM","uri":"https://www.omim.org/entry/"},{"prefix":"DBSNP","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":96},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":97,"end":252},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":253,"end":342},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":343,"end":447},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":448,"end":758},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":759,"end":959},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":960,"end":1149},"obj":"Sentence"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-sentences"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-sentences"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-sentences"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-sentences"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-sentences"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-sentences"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-sentences"}]},{"project":"LitCoin_Mondo","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":171,"end":194},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":383,"end":390},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"0005010"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"0002251"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin_Mondo"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin_Mondo"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":162,"end":166},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":262,"end":275},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":412,"end":419},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":429,"end":435},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":521,"end":528},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":544,"end":552},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":627,"end":633},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":666,"end":676},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":860,"end":866},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":870,"end":877},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1053,"end":1060},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1084},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1089,"end":1094},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T12","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-MONDO_bioort2019","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":171,"end":194},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"#label","subj":"T1","obj":"D003324"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-MONDO_bioort2019"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-NCBITaxon-2","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":195,"end":203},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":283,"end":291},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-NCBITaxon-2"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-NCBITaxon-2"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-Chemical-MeSH-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":11},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":123,"end":134},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":343,"end":354},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":606,"end":617},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":890,"end":901},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1119,"end":1130},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A4","pred":"ID:","subj":"T4","obj":"D000077144"},{"id":"A5","pred":"ID:","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A6","pred":"ID:","subj":"T4","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"A16","pred":"ID:","subj":"T16","obj":"D000077144"},{"id":"A17","pred":"ID:","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A18","pred":"ID:","subj":"T16","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"A7","pred":"ID:","subj":"T7","obj":"D000077144"},{"id":"A8","pred":"ID:","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A9","pred":"ID:","subj":"T7","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"A10","pred":"ID:","subj":"T10","obj":"D000077144"},{"id":"A11","pred":"ID:","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A12","pred":"ID:","subj":"T10","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"A13","pred":"ID:","subj":"T13","obj":"D000077144"},{"id":"A14","pred":"ID:","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A15","pred":"ID:","subj":"T13","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"A1","pred":"ID:","subj":"T1","obj":"D000077144"},{"id":"A2","pred":"ID:","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A3","pred":"ID:","subj":"T1","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-Chemical-MeSH-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-Chemical-MeSH-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-Chemical-MeSH-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-Chemical-MeSH-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-Chemical-MeSH-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-Chemical-MeSH-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v2","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":412,"end":419},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":521,"end":528},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":860,"end":866},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":870,"end":877},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1053,"end":1060},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1089,"end":1094},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v2"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v2"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v2"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v2"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v2"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v2"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-Disease-MeSH","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":171,"end":194},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"originalLabel","subj":"T1","obj":"D003324"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-Disease-MeSH"}]},{"project":"LitCoin_Mondo_095","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":171,"end":194},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"0005010"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin_Mondo_095"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v3","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":412,"end":419},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":521,"end":528},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":870,"end":877},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1053,"end":1060},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v3"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v3"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v3"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v3"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-MeSH-Disease-2","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":171,"end":194},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"ID:","subj":"T1","obj":"D003324"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-MeSH-Disease-2"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-training-merged","denotations":[{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1119,"end":1130},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":890,"end":901},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":606,"end":617},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":343,"end":354},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":123,"end":134},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":11},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"T39688","span":{"begin":1053,"end":1060},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":870,"end":877},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":521,"end":528},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T53702","span":{"begin":412,"end":419},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"T27020","span":{"begin":171,"end":194},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"},{"id":"T78738","span":{"begin":283,"end":291},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T48935","span":{"begin":195,"end":203},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A42748","pred":"#label","subj":"T27020","obj":"D003324"},{"id":"A3","pred":"ID:","subj":"T1","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"A2","pred":"ID:","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A1","pred":"ID:","subj":"T1","obj":"D000077144"},{"id":"A18","pred":"ID:","subj":"T16","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"A17","pred":"ID:","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A16","pred":"ID:","subj":"T16","obj":"D000077144"},{"id":"A9","pred":"ID:","subj":"T7","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"A8","pred":"ID:","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A7","pred":"ID:","subj":"T7","obj":"D000077144"},{"id":"A15","pred":"ID:","subj":"T13","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"A14","pred":"ID:","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A13","pred":"ID:","subj":"T13","obj":"D000077144"},{"id":"A6","pred":"ID:","subj":"T4","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"A5","pred":"ID:","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A4","pred":"ID:","subj":"T4","obj":"D000077144"},{"id":"A12","pred":"ID:","subj":"T10","obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"A11","pred":"ID:","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37941"},{"id":"A10","pred":"ID:","subj":"T10","obj":"D000077144"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T39688","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T53702","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T27020","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T78738","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"},{"subj":"T48935","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-training-merged"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCoin-entities","color":"#93ccec","default":true},{"id":"LitCoin-sentences","color":"#e6ec93"},{"id":"LitCoin_Mondo","color":"#d793ec"},{"id":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v0","color":"#93ecbd"},{"id":"LitCoin-MONDO_bioort2019","color":"#eca393"},{"id":"LitCoin-NCBITaxon-2","color":"#939cec"},{"id":"LitCoin-Chemical-MeSH-CHEBI","color":"#b6ec93"},{"id":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v2","color":"#ec93d0"},{"id":"LitCoin-Disease-MeSH","color":"#93eaec"},{"id":"LitCoin_Mondo_095","color":"#ecd393"},{"id":"LitCoin-GeneOrGeneProduct-v3","color":"#b993ec"},{"id":"LitCoin-MeSH-Disease-2","color":"#93ec9f"},{"id":"LitCoin-training-merged","color":"#ec93a0"}]}]}}