PubMed:19054801 JSON TXT

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GlyCosmos6-UBERON

{"project":"GlyCosmos6-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":214,"end":220},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":329,"end":334},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":441,"end":447},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":664,"end":670},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836"},{"id":"A4","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

Glycan-Motif

{"project":"Glycan-Motif","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":28,"end":42},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00054MO"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":880,"end":887},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00048MO"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":880,"end":887},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G39211DH"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":983,"end":997},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00054MO"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1095},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00051MO"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1095},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G01187XC"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1113},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00053MO"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1113},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81971FM"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1127,"end":1141},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00054MO"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1245},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00054MO"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1352,"end":1358},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1716,"end":1730},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00054MO"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Image

Glycosmos6-GlycoEpitope

{"project":"Glycosmos6-GlycoEpitope","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":28,"end":42},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0012"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":35,"end":42},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":880,"end":887},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0010"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":983,"end":997},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0012"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":990,"end":997},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1095},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1113},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0008"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1106,"end":1113},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0007"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1127,"end":1141},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0012"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1134,"end":1141},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1245},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0012"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1238,"end":1245},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1716,"end":1730},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0012"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1723,"end":1730},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

Glycosmos6-MAT

{"project":"Glycosmos6-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":214,"end":220},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000444"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":329,"end":334},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000083"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":329,"end":334},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000315"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":441,"end":447},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000444"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":664,"end":670},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000444"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

sentences

{"project":"sentences","denotations":[{"id":"TextSentencer_T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":59},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T2","span":{"begin":60,"end":342},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T3","span":{"begin":343,"end":584},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T4","span":{"begin":585,"end":714},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T5","span":{"begin":715,"end":843},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T6","span":{"begin":844,"end":998},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T7","span":{"begin":999,"end":1199},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T8","span":{"begin":1200,"end":1286},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T9","span":{"begin":1287,"end":1462},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T10","span":{"begin":1463,"end":1731},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":59},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":60,"end":342},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":343,"end":584},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":585,"end":714},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":715,"end":843},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":844,"end":998},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":999,"end":1199},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1200,"end":1286},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1287,"end":1462},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1463,"end":1731},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":59},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":60,"end":342},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":343,"end":584},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":585,"end":714},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":715,"end":843},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":844,"end":998},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":999,"end":1199},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1200,"end":1286},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1287,"end":1462},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1463,"end":1731},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Structure

NCBITAXON

{"project":"NCBITAXON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":5},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":6,"end":17},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":106,"end":121},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1489,"end":1494},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1495,"end":1508},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"db_id","subj":"T1","obj":"NCBItxid:9606"},{"id":"A2","pred":"db_id","subj":"T2","obj":"NCBItxid:142786"},{"id":"A3","pred":"db_id","subj":"T3","obj":"NCBItxid:490041"},{"id":"A4","pred":"db_id","subj":"T4","obj":"NCBItxid:9606"},{"id":"A5","pred":"db_id","subj":"T5","obj":"NCBItxid:122929"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

GlyCosmos6-CLO

{"project":"GlyCosmos6-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":821,"end":825},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050634"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

GlycoBiology-PACDB

{"project":"GlycoBiology-PACDB","denotations":[{"id":"_T1","span":{"begin":6,"end":17},"obj":"http://acgg.asia/db/diseases/pacdb/lec?ids=LEC556"},{"id":"_T2","span":{"begin":106,"end":115},"obj":"http://acgg.asia/db/diseases/pacdb/lec?ids=LEC556"},{"id":"_T3","span":{"begin":106,"end":129},"obj":"http://acgg.asia/db/diseases/pacdb/lec?ids=LEC740"},{"id":"_T4","span":{"begin":1495,"end":1504},"obj":"http://acgg.asia/db/diseases/pacdb/lec?ids=LEC556"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

GlycoBiology-FMA

{"project":"GlycoBiology-FMA","denotations":[{"id":"_T1","span":{"begin":43,"end":58},"obj":"FMAID:167256"},{"id":"_T2","span":{"begin":43,"end":58},"obj":"FMAID:62925"},{"id":"_T3","span":{"begin":64,"end":76},"obj":"FMAID:197276"},{"id":"_T4","span":{"begin":64,"end":76},"obj":"FMAID:82737"},{"id":"_T5","span":{"begin":204,"end":208},"obj":"FMAID:177207"},{"id":"_T6","span":{"begin":214,"end":220},"obj":"FMAID:160088"},{"id":"_T7","span":{"begin":329,"end":334},"obj":"FMAID:256053"},{"id":"_T8","span":{"begin":351,"end":355},"obj":"FMAID:177207"},{"id":"_T9","span":{"begin":382,"end":386},"obj":"FMAID:198663"},{"id":"_T10","span":{"begin":441,"end":447},"obj":"FMAID:160088"},{"id":"_T11","span":{"begin":664,"end":670},"obj":"FMAID:160088"},{"id":"_T12","span":{"begin":744,"end":760},"obj":"FMAID:62925"},{"id":"_T13","span":{"begin":744,"end":760},"obj":"FMAID:167256"},{"id":"_T14","span":{"begin":909,"end":924},"obj":"FMAID:82782"},{"id":"_T15","span":{"begin":909,"end":924},"obj":"FMAID:196776"},{"id":"_T16","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1045},"obj":"FMAID:177207"},{"id":"_T17","span":{"begin":1571,"end":1575},"obj":"FMAID:198663"},{"id":"_T18","span":{"begin":1618,"end":1631},"obj":"FMAID:197276"},{"id":"_T19","span":{"begin":1618,"end":1631},"obj":"FMAID:82737"},{"id":"_T20","span":{"begin":1675,"end":1688},"obj":"FMAID:197276"},{"id":"_T21","span":{"begin":1675,"end":1688},"obj":"FMAID:82737"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"FMAID","uri":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

uniprot-human

{"project":"uniprot-human","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":263,"end":267},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q10981"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":283,"end":287},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21217"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":315,"end":318},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q99484"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

GlycoBiology-NCBITAXON

{"project":"GlycoBiology-NCBITAXON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":182,"end":187},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/184751"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":182,"end":202},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/53480"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":335,"end":341},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T096"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1370,"end":1374},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/158455"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1370,"end":1374},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/3554"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1396,"end":1400},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/3554"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1396,"end":1400},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/158455"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1410},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/3554"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1410},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/158455"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1489,"end":1504},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/67605"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1586,"end":1593},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/353209"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1644,"end":1651},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/353209"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

GO-BP

{"project":"GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":28,"end":34},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097503"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":983,"end":989},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097503"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1105},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097503"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1127,"end":1133},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097503"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1143,"end":1149},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097503"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1237},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097503"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1164,"end":1174},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097503"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1664,"end":1674},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097503"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1188,"end":1198},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000746"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1246,"end":1255},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000746"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1188,"end":1213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031135"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1606,"end":1617},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0036065"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

GO-MF

GO-CC

{"project":"GO-CC","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":182,"end":202},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000943"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

UBERON-AE

{"project":"UBERON-AE","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":214,"end":220},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":441,"end":447},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":664,"end":670},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":329,"end":334},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

NGLY1-deficiency

{"project":"NGLY1-deficiency","denotations":[{"id":"PD-NGLY1-deficiency-B_T1","span":{"begin":1389,"end":1395},"obj":"chem:24139"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"hgnc","uri":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:"},{"prefix":"omim","uri":"https://www.omim.org/entry/"},{"prefix":"chem","uri":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

GlycoBiology-MAT

{"project":"GlycoBiology-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":214,"end":220},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000444"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":329,"end":334},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000315"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":329,"end":334},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000083"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":441,"end":447},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000444"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":664,"end":670},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000444"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

GlycoBiology-Motifs

GlycoBiology-Epitope

{"project":"GlycoBiology-Epitope","denotations":[{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T1","span":{"begin":28,"end":40},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0008"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T2","span":{"begin":983,"end":995},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0008"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T3","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1113},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0008"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T4","span":{"begin":1127,"end":1139},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0008"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T5","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1243},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0008"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T6","span":{"begin":1716,"end":1728},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0008"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T7","span":{"begin":28,"end":42},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0012"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T8","span":{"begin":983,"end":997},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0012"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T9","span":{"begin":1127,"end":1141},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0012"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T10","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1245},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0012"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T11","span":{"begin":1716,"end":1730},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0012"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T12","span":{"begin":35,"end":42},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T13","span":{"begin":990,"end":997},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T14","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1095},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T15","span":{"begin":1134,"end":1141},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T16","span":{"begin":1238,"end":1245},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T17","span":{"begin":1723,"end":1730},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0011"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T18","span":{"begin":880,"end":887},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0010"},{"id":"PD-GlycoEpitope-B_T19","span":{"begin":1106,"end":1113},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0007"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}

GlyTouCan-IUPAC

performance-test

{"project":"performance-test","denotations":[{"id":"PD-UBERON-AE-B_T1","span":{"begin":329,"end":334},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"PD-UBERON-AE-B_T2","span":{"begin":214,"end":220},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836"},{"id":"PD-UBERON-AE-B_T3","span":{"begin":441,"end":447},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836"},{"id":"PD-UBERON-AE-B_T4","span":{"begin":664,"end":670},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836"}],"text":"Human noroviruses recognize sialyl Lewis x neoglycoprotein.\nThe carbohydrate binding characteristics of a norovirus GII.3 (Chron1) and a GII.4 (Dijon) strain were investigated using virus-like particles (VLPs) and saliva samples from 81 individuals genotyped for FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) and phenotyped for ABO and Lewis blood groups. The two VLPs showed a typical secretor-gene-dependent binding and bound significantly stronger to saliva from A, B, and AB than from O individuals (P \u003c 0.0001 and P \u003c 0.001) but did not bind to any samples from secretor-negative individuals. The GII.3 strain showed larger interindividual variation and bound stronger to saliva from B than from A(2) secretors (P \u003c 0.01). When assaying for binding to neoglycoproteins, the GII.3 and GII.4 strains were compared with the Norwalk GI.1 prototype strain. Although all three strains bound to Lewis b (and H type 1 chain) glycoconjugates, only the two GII strains showed an additional binding to sialyl Lewis x. This novel binding was specific since the VLPs did not bind to structural analogs, e.g., Lewis x or sialyl Lewis a, but only to sialyl Lewis x, sialyl diLewis x and sialylated type 2 chain conjugates. In inhibition experiments, the sialyl Lewis x conjugate was the most potent inhibitor. The minimal requirement for this potential receptor structure is Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4(Fuc alpha 3)GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta- where Fuc is not absolutely necessary for binding. Our study shows that some human norovirus GII strains have at least two binding specificities: one secretor-gene-dependent related to alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrates and another related to alpha2,3-sialylated carbohydrates of the type 2 chain, e.g., sialyl Lewis x."}