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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-146 DRI_Background denotes GMP prevents excitotoxicity mediated by NMDA receptor activation but not by reversal activity of glutamate transporters in rat hippocampal slices.
T2 147-271 DRI_Background denotes Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system and is essential for its normal functions.
T3 272-477 DRI_Challenge denotes However, overstimulation of glutamatergic system due to hyperactivation of NMDA receptors and/or impairment of glutamate reuptake system has been implicated in many acute and chronic neurological diseases.
T4 478-642 DRI_Background denotes Regulation of extracellular glutamate concentrations relies on the function of glutamate transporters which can be reversed in situations related to excitotoxicity.
T5 643-931 DRI_Challenge denotes Guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP), a guanine nucleotide which displays important extracellular roles, such as trophic effects to neurons and astrocytes, behaves as antagonist of glutamate receptors and is neuroprotective in hippocampal slices against excitotoxicity or ischemic conditions.
T6 932-1131 DRI_Approach denotes Hippocampal slices exposed to 1 or 10 mM glutamate, or 100 microM NMDA with 10 microM glycine for 1 h and evaluated after 6 or 18 h, showed reduced cell viability and DNA fragmentation, respectively.
T7 1132-1189 DRI_Background denotes Glutamate- or NMDA-induced cell death was prevented by 50
T8 1190-1203 Token_Label.OUTSIDE denotes microM MK-801
T9 1203-1267 DRI_Background denotes , but only NMDA-induced cell damage was prevented by GMP (1 mM).
T10 1268-1315 DRI_Background denotes Glutamate-induced cell viability impairment and
T11 1316-1336 Token_Label.OUTSIDE denotes glutamate-induced l-
T12 1337-1410 DRI_Background denotes (3)H]glutamate release were both prevented by adding DL-TBOA (10 microM).
T13 1411-1547 DRI_Approach denotes Otherwise, NMDA-induced cell viability loss was not prevented by 10 microM of DL-TBOA and NMDA did not induce l-[(3)H]glutamate release.
T14 1548-1642 DRI_Outcome denotes Our results demonstrate that GMP is neuroprotective when acting selectively at NMDA receptors.
T15 1643-1881 DRI_Background denotes Glutamate-induced hippocampal slice damage and glutamate release were blocked by glutamate transporter inhibitor, indicating that glutamate-induced toxicity also involves the reversal of glutamate uptake, which cannot be prevented by GMP.