Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
0-109 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Up-regulation of tissue factor in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells after ultrafine particle exposure. |
T2 |
110-121 |
Sentence |
denotes |
BACKGROUND: |
T3 |
122-274 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Epidemiology studies have linked exposure to pollutant particles to increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, but the mechanisms remain unknown. |
T4 |
275-286 |
Sentence |
denotes |
OBJECTIVES: |
T5 |
287-412 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We tested the hypothesis that the ultrafine fraction of ambient pollutant particles would cause endothelial cell dysfunction. |
T6 |
413-421 |
Sentence |
denotes |
METHODS: |
T7 |
422-661 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We profiled gene expression of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) exposed to ultrafine particles (UFPs; 100 microg/mL) from Chapel Hill, North Carolina, or vehicle for 4 hr with Affymetrix HG U133 Plus 2.0 chips (n = 4 each). |
T8 |
662-670 |
Sentence |
denotes |
RESULTS: |
T9 |
671-768 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We found 320 up-regulated genes and 106 down-regulated genes (p < 0.01, 5% false discovery rate). |
T10 |
769-979 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We noted up-regulation of genes related to coagulation [tissue factor (F3) and coagulation factor II receptor-like 2 (F2RL2)] and differential regulation of genes related to F3 signaling (FOS, JUN, and NFKBIA). |
T11 |
980-1109 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction show a significant up-regulation of F3 after 10 and 100 microg/mLUFP exposures. |
T12 |
1110-1244 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Additionally, the water-soluble fractions of UFPs were sufficient to induce the expression of F3, F2RL2, and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1). |
T13 |
1245-1337 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Treatment of HPAEC with UFPs for 16 hr increased the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. |
T14 |
1338-1457 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pretreatment of HPAEC with a blocking antibody against F3 attenuated IL-6 and IL-8 release by 30 and 70%, respectively. |
T15 |
1458-1470 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CONCLUSIONS: |
T16 |
1471-1592 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Using gene profiling, we discovered that UFPs may induce vascular endothelial cells to express genes related to clotting. |
T17 |
1593-1721 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These results indicate that PM may cause adverse cardiovascular health effects by activating coagulation-inflammation circuitry. |
T1 |
0-109 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Up-regulation of tissue factor in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells after ultrafine particle exposure. |
T2 |
110-121 |
Sentence |
denotes |
BACKGROUND: |
T3 |
122-274 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Epidemiology studies have linked exposure to pollutant particles to increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, but the mechanisms remain unknown. |
T4 |
275-286 |
Sentence |
denotes |
OBJECTIVES: |
T5 |
287-412 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We tested the hypothesis that the ultrafine fraction of ambient pollutant particles would cause endothelial cell dysfunction. |
T6 |
413-421 |
Sentence |
denotes |
METHODS: |
T7 |
422-661 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We profiled gene expression of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) exposed to ultrafine particles (UFPs; 100 microg/mL) from Chapel Hill, North Carolina, or vehicle for 4 hr with Affymetrix HG U133 Plus 2.0 chips (n = 4 each). |
T8 |
662-670 |
Sentence |
denotes |
RESULTS: |
T9 |
671-768 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We found 320 up-regulated genes and 106 down-regulated genes (p < 0.01, 5% false discovery rate). |
T10 |
769-979 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We noted up-regulation of genes related to coagulation [tissue factor (F3) and coagulation factor II receptor-like 2 (F2RL2)] and differential regulation of genes related to F3 signaling (FOS, JUN, and NFKBIA). |
T11 |
980-1109 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction show a significant up-regulation of F3 after 10 and 100 microg/mLUFP exposures. |
T12 |
1110-1244 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Additionally, the water-soluble fractions of UFPs were sufficient to induce the expression of F3, F2RL2, and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1). |
T13 |
1245-1337 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Treatment of HPAEC with UFPs for 16 hr increased the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. |
T14 |
1338-1457 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pretreatment of HPAEC with a blocking antibody against F3 attenuated IL-6 and IL-8 release by 30 and 70%, respectively. |
T15 |
1458-1470 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CONCLUSIONS: |
T16 |
1471-1592 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Using gene profiling, we discovered that UFPs may induce vascular endothelial cells to express genes related to clotting. |
T17 |
1593-1721 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These results indicate that PM may cause adverse cardiovascular health effects by activating coagulation-inflammation circuitry. |