| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
0-92 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in brain damage and inflammation after experimental stroke. |
| T2 |
93-104 |
Sentence |
denotes |
BACKGROUND: |
| T3 |
105-158 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Stroke is the second to third leading cause of death. |
| T4 |
159-322 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a signaling receptor in innate immunity that is a specific immunologic response to systemic bacterial infection and cerebral injury. |
| T5 |
323-384 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The role of TLR4 in brain ischemia has not been examined yet. |
| T6 |
385-582 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We have therefore investigated whether cerebral ischemia and inflammation produced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery differ in mice that lack a functional TLR4 signaling pathway. |
| T7 |
583-603 |
Sentence |
denotes |
METHODS AND RESULTS: |
| T8 |
604-782 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed on 2 strains of TLR4-deficient mice (C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScNJ) and respective controls (C3H/HeN and C57BL/10ScSn). |
| T9 |
783-885 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Stroke outcome was evaluated by determination of infarct volume and assessment of neurological scores. |
| T10 |
886-941 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Brains were collected 24 hours and 7 days after stroke. |
| T11 |
942-1078 |
Sentence |
denotes |
When compared with control mice, TLR4-deficient mice had lower infarct volumes and better outcomes in neurological and behavioral tests. |
| T12 |
1079-1264 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mice that lacked TLR4 had minor expression of stroke-induced interferon regulatory factor-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2, mediators implicated in brain damage. |
| T13 |
1265-1431 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The levels of interferon-beta and of the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde were also lower in brains from TLR4-deficient mice than in those from control mice. |
| T14 |
1432-1601 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, which is induced and mediates brain damage, was also reduced in TLR4-deficient mice after experimental stroke. |
| T15 |
1602-1714 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CONCLUSIONS: TLR4-deficient mice have minor infarctions and less inflammatory response after an ischemic insult. |
| T16 |
1715-1856 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These data demonstrate that TLR4 signaling and innate immunity are involved in brain damage and in inflammation triggered by ischemic injury. |
| T1 |
0-92 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in brain damage and inflammation after experimental stroke. |
| T2 |
93-104 |
Sentence |
denotes |
BACKGROUND: |
| T3 |
105-158 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Stroke is the second to third leading cause of death. |
| T4 |
159-322 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a signaling receptor in innate immunity that is a specific immunologic response to systemic bacterial infection and cerebral injury. |
| T5 |
323-384 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The role of TLR4 in brain ischemia has not been examined yet. |
| T6 |
385-582 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We have therefore investigated whether cerebral ischemia and inflammation produced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery differ in mice that lack a functional TLR4 signaling pathway. |
| T7 |
583-603 |
Sentence |
denotes |
METHODS AND RESULTS: |
| T8 |
604-782 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed on 2 strains of TLR4-deficient mice (C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScNJ) and respective controls (C3H/HeN and C57BL/10ScSn). |
| T9 |
783-885 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Stroke outcome was evaluated by determination of infarct volume and assessment of neurological scores. |
| T10 |
886-941 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Brains were collected 24 hours and 7 days after stroke. |
| T11 |
942-1078 |
Sentence |
denotes |
When compared with control mice, TLR4-deficient mice had lower infarct volumes and better outcomes in neurological and behavioral tests. |
| T12 |
1079-1264 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mice that lacked TLR4 had minor expression of stroke-induced interferon regulatory factor-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2, mediators implicated in brain damage. |
| T13 |
1265-1431 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The levels of interferon-beta and of the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde were also lower in brains from TLR4-deficient mice than in those from control mice. |
| T14 |
1432-1601 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, which is induced and mediates brain damage, was also reduced in TLR4-deficient mice after experimental stroke. |
| T15 |
1602-1714 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CONCLUSIONS: TLR4-deficient mice have minor infarctions and less inflammatory response after an ischemic insult. |
| T16 |
1715-1856 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These data demonstrate that TLR4 signaling and innate immunity are involved in brain damage and in inflammation triggered by ischemic injury. |