Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
0-119 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pro/antioxidant status and AP-1 transcription factor in murine skin following topical exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. |
T2 |
120-262 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Organic peroxides, widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, can act as skin tumor promoters and cause epidermal hyperplasia. |
T3 |
263-318 |
Sentence |
denotes |
They are also known to trigger free radical generation. |
T4 |
319-540 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The present study evaluated the effect of cumene hydroperoxide (Cum-OOH) on the induction of activator protein-1 (AP-1), which is linked to the expression of genes regulating cell proliferation, growth and transformation. |
T5 |
541-693 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Previously, we reported that topical exposure to Cum-OOH caused formation of free radicals and oxidative stress in the skin of vitamin E-deficient mice. |
T6 |
694-954 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The present study used JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells and AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice to identify whether exposure to Cum-OOH caused activation of AP-1, oxidative stress, depletion of antioxidants and tumor formation during two-stage carcinogenesis. |
T7 |
955-1109 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In vitro studies found that exposure to Cum-OOH reduced the level of glutathione (GSH) in mouse epidermal cells (JB6 P+) and caused the induction of AP-1. |
T8 |
1110-1315 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mice primed with dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were topically exposed to Cum-OOH (82.6 micromol) or the positive control, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 17 nmol), twice weekly for 29 weeks. |
T9 |
1316-1410 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Activation of AP-1 in skin was detected as early as 2 weeks following Cum-OOH or TPA exposure. |
T10 |
1411-1466 |
Sentence |
denotes |
No AP-1 expression was found 19 weeks after initiation. |
T11 |
1467-1629 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Papilloma formation was observed in both the DMBA-TPA- and DMBA-Cum-OOH-exposed animals, whereas skin carcinomas were found only in the DMBA-Cum-OOH-treated mice. |
T12 |
1630-1853 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A greater accumulation of peroxidative products (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances), inflammation and decreased levels of GSH and total antioxidant reserves were also observed in the skin of DMBA-Cum-OOH-exposed mice. |
T13 |
1854-1990 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These results suggest that Cum-OOH-induced carcinogenesis is accompanied by increased AP-1 activation and changes in antioxidant status. |
T1 |
0-119 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pro/antioxidant status and AP-1 transcription factor in murine skin following topical exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. |
T2 |
120-262 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Organic peroxides, widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, can act as skin tumor promoters and cause epidermal hyperplasia. |
T3 |
263-318 |
Sentence |
denotes |
They are also known to trigger free radical generation. |
T4 |
319-540 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The present study evaluated the effect of cumene hydroperoxide (Cum-OOH) on the induction of activator protein-1 (AP-1), which is linked to the expression of genes regulating cell proliferation, growth and transformation. |
T5 |
541-693 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Previously, we reported that topical exposure to Cum-OOH caused formation of free radicals and oxidative stress in the skin of vitamin E-deficient mice. |
T6 |
694-954 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The present study used JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells and AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice to identify whether exposure to Cum-OOH caused activation of AP-1, oxidative stress, depletion of antioxidants and tumor formation during two-stage carcinogenesis. |
T7 |
955-1109 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In vitro studies found that exposure to Cum-OOH reduced the level of glutathione (GSH) in mouse epidermal cells (JB6 P+) and caused the induction of AP-1. |
T8 |
1110-1315 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mice primed with dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were topically exposed to Cum-OOH (82.6 micromol) or the positive control, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 17 nmol), twice weekly for 29 weeks. |
T9 |
1316-1410 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Activation of AP-1 in skin was detected as early as 2 weeks following Cum-OOH or TPA exposure. |
T10 |
1411-1466 |
Sentence |
denotes |
No AP-1 expression was found 19 weeks after initiation. |
T11 |
1467-1629 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Papilloma formation was observed in both the DMBA-TPA- and DMBA-Cum-OOH-exposed animals, whereas skin carcinomas were found only in the DMBA-Cum-OOH-treated mice. |
T12 |
1630-1853 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A greater accumulation of peroxidative products (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances), inflammation and decreased levels of GSH and total antioxidant reserves were also observed in the skin of DMBA-Cum-OOH-exposed mice. |
T13 |
1854-1990 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These results suggest that Cum-OOH-induced carcinogenesis is accompanied by increased AP-1 activation and changes in antioxidant status. |