PubMed:1700207 JSONTXT

{"project":"PubmedHPO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"HP_0004308"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":197,"end":207},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":226,"end":236},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":397,"end":407},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":730,"end":741},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":906,"end":916},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":981,"end":992},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1105},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"HP_0004308"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":197,"end":207},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":226,"end":236},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":397,"end":407},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":730,"end":741},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":906,"end":916},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":981,"end":992},"obj":"HP_0011675"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1105},"obj":"HP_0011675"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-experiment","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":122,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":142,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":225},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":226,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":261,"end":263},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":432,"end":434},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":545,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":583,"end":593},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":680,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":696,"end":705},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":711,"end":721},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":730,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":861,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":888,"end":897},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":906,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":962,"end":972},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":981,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1061,"end":1070},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1086},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1233,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1334},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1376},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-deepseek-nr-ng-experiment","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":122,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":197,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":226,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":545,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":680,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":730,"end":740},"obj":"Disease"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-deepseek-nr-g-experiment","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":122,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":142,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":545,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":680,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gpt-r-ng-experiment","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":225},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":583,"end":593},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":676,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":696,"end":705},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":711,"end":721},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":888,"end":897},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":962,"end":972},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1086},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gpt-r-g-experiment","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":583,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":676,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":711,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":888,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":962,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gpt-r-m30","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":225},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":386,"end":396},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":397,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":583,"end":593},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":676,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":696,"end":705},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":711,"end":721},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":730,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":888,"end":897},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":906,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":962,"end":972},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":981,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1061,"end":1070},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1086},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gpt-r-m20","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":225},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":386,"end":396},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":397,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":583,"end":593},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":676,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":696,"end":705},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":711,"end":721},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":730,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":906,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":962,"end":972},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":981,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1061,"end":1070},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1086},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-deepseek-nr-ng","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":14},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":92,"end":106},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":583,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":711,"end":740},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":888,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1204,"end":1225},"obj":"Disease"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gemini-r-g","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":711,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":888,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gemini-nr-ng","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":568,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":711,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":888,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gemini-r-ng","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":60,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":178,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":261,"end":263},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":432,"end":434},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":568,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":676,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":696,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":888,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":962,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1061,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1260,"end":1270},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1334},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1376},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":122,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":142,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":225},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":226,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":261,"end":263},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":432,"end":434},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":545,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":583,"end":593},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":680,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":696,"end":705},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":711,"end":721},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":730,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":861,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":888,"end":897},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":906,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":962,"end":972},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":981,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1061,"end":1070},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1086},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1233,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1334},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1376},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gemini-nr-g","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":60,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":122,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":197,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":216,"end":225},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":226,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":386,"end":396},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":545,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":583,"end":593},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":594,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":680,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":711,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":861,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":888,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":962,"end":972},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gpt-nr-ng","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":60,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":583,"end":593},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":676,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":696,"end":705},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":711,"end":721},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":730,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":888,"end":897},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":906,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":962,"end":972},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":981,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1061,"end":1070},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1086},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gpt-r-ng","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":261,"end":263},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":432,"end":434},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":583,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":676,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":696,"end":705},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":711,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":888,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":962,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1061,"end":1070},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1334},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1376},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gpt-nr-g","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":386,"end":396},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":676,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":730,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":906,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":981,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gpt-r-g","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":225},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":261,"end":263},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":386,"end":396},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":397,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":432,"end":434},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":583,"end":593},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":676,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":696,"end":705},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":711,"end":721},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":730,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":888,"end":897},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":906,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":962,"end":972},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":981,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1061,"end":1070},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1086},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1334},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1376},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-deepseek-r-ng","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":60,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gemini-r-m","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":197,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":261,"end":263},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":432,"end":434},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":696,"end":705},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":711,"end":721},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":730,"end":740},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":888,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1334},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gpt-r-m2","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":583,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":676,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":711,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":888,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":962,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-deepseek-r-g","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":386,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":583,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":711,"end":740},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":888,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-deepseek-nr-g","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":14},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":79,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":92,"end":106},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":197,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":226,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":730,"end":740},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1204,"end":1218},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-deepseek-r-m","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":216,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":261,"end":263},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":432,"end":434},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":568,"end":577},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":711,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":888,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1260,"end":1270},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1334},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}

{"project":"bc5cdr-valid-gpt-r-m","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":45,"end":56},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":67,"end":90},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":118,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":138,"end":153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":185,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":342,"end":349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":386,"end":396},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":397,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":468,"end":478},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":491,"end":500},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":541,"end":556},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":583,"end":593},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":602,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":676,"end":691},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":711,"end":721},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":730,"end":741},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":857,"end":872},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":906,"end":916},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":962,"end":972},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":981,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1086},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1244},"obj":"Chemical"}],"text":"Antiarrhythmic effects of optical isomers of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.\nAntiarrhythmic effects of (+)-cibenzoline and (-)-cibenzoline were examined using two canine ventricular arrhythmia models. Digitalis arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Na channel blockers, was induced by intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injection of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia, which is suppressed by Ca channel blockers, was induced by adrenaline infusion in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten and 5 mg/kg i.v. (+)-cibenzoline suppressed digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias, respectively. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (+)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. of (-)-cibenzoline suppressed the digitalis-induced arrhythmia, whereas 5 mg/kg i.v. was needed to suppress adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. The minimum effective plasma concentrations of (-)-cibenzoline for digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmia were 0.06 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). The stronger antiarrhythmic effect of (-)-cibenzoline indicates that (-)-isomer may have an effect nearly 5-20 times stronger in suppressing Na channels, but effects of both drugs on Ca channels may be almost equipotent."}