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PubMed_Structured_Abstracts

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 81-644 OBJECTIVE denotes Estrogen exposure has been linked to a risk for the development of testicular germ cell cancers. The effects of estrogen are now known to be mediated by estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and -beta receptor subtypes, but only ER-beta has been found in human normal testis. The goal of the present study was to compare the localization and expression levels of these ER subtypes in testicular germ cell cancers (seminomas and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors) with normal testis. For completeness, expression of androgen and progesterone receptors was also investigated.
T2 666-1000 METHODS denotes Immunohistochemistry was used to localize the expression of steroid receptors in 39 archival testicular germ cell cancers and 5 morphologically normal testes. Expression of the steroid receptors at the transcript level was semiquantified by reverse transcription-PCR in 5 paired fresh-frozen specimens of normal and neoplastic testes.
T3 1010-1896 RESULTS denotes ER-alpha was not expressed in the human normal testis. It was also absent in all of the testicular germ cell cancers studied. In contrast, ER-beta was strongly expressed in various germ cells of the normal testis. However, its expression was markedly diminished in seminomas, embryonal cell carcinomas, and in mixed germ cell tumors, at both transcriptional and translational levels. In contrast, ER-beta remained highly expressed in endodermal sinus tumors and teratomas. Progesterone receptor, an estrogen-regulated gene, was localized to spermatagonia of the normal testis, but its expression dramatically reduced in seminomas. With the exception of spermatagonia, androgen receptor was found in all of the germ cells of the normal testis, but, aside from trace staining in 3 of 5 endodermal sinus tumor cells, it was not detected immunohistochemically in any other germ cell cancer.
T4 1910-2658 CONCLUSIONS denotes We confirm expression of ER-beta, but not ER-alpha, in normal testicular cells, suggesting that only the former ER subtype mediates the action of estrogen in the human male gonad. Our results provide the first evidence that only ER-beta is expressed in testicular germ cell tumors. Its expression is down-regulated in seminomas and embryonal cell carcinomas but remains high in endodermal sinus tumors and in teratomas. The observed differences in ER-beta expression levels among different testicular germ cell tumors may reflect divergent pathways of differentiation/dedifferentiation of these neoplasms from a common precursor. Collectively, these findings provide a possible mechanistic link between estrogen exposure and testicular cancer risk.

PubmedHPO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 169-176 HP_0002664 denotes cancers
T2 477-484 HP_0002664 denotes cancers
T3 526-532 HP_0002664 denotes tumors

DisGeNET5_gene_disease

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
14555521-0#0#22#gene2100 1407-1615 gene2100 denotes ER-beta remained highly expressed in endodermal sinus tumors and teratomas. Progesterone receptor, an estrogen-regulated gene, was localized to spermatagonia of the normal testis, but its expression dramatica
14555521-0#54#70#diseaseC0205851 2174-2190 diseaseC0205851 denotes germ cell tumors
14555521-11#13#15#gene2099 1407-1409 gene2099 denotes ER
14555521-11#50#73#diseaseC0014145 1444-1467 diseaseC0014145 denotes endodermal sinus tumors
14555521-11#78#87#diseaseC0039538 1472-1481 diseaseC0039538 denotes teratomas
14555521-12#0#21#gene5241 1483-1504 gene5241 denotes Progesterone receptor
14555521-12#147#156#diseaseC0036631 1630-1639 diseaseC0036631 denotes seminomas
14555521-17#28#30#gene2099 2358-2360 gene2099 denotes ER
14555521-17#81#97#diseaseC0205851 2411-2427 diseaseC0205851 denotes germ cell tumors
14555521-17#148#165#diseaseC0002793 2478-2495 diseaseC0002793 denotes dedifferentiation
14555521-3#93#95#gene2099 441-443 gene2099 denotes ER
14555521-3#119#136#diseaseC0740345 467-484 diseaseC0740345 denotes germ cell cancers
14555521-3#138#147#diseaseC0036631 486-495 diseaseC0036631 denotes seminomas
14555521-3#152#184#diseaseC1266158 500-532 diseaseC1266158 denotes nonseminomatous germ cell tumors
0#22#gene210054#70#diseaseC0205851 14555521-0#0#22#gene2100 14555521-0#54#70#diseaseC0205851 associated_with "ER-beta remained highly expressed in endodermal sinus tumors and teratomas. Progesterone receptor, an estrogen-regulated gene, was localized to spermatagonia of the normal testis, but its expression dramatica",germ cell tumors
13#15#gene209950#73#diseaseC0014145 14555521-11#13#15#gene2099 14555521-11#50#73#diseaseC0014145 associated_with ER,endodermal sinus tumors
13#15#gene209978#87#diseaseC0039538 14555521-11#13#15#gene2099 14555521-11#78#87#diseaseC0039538 associated_with ER,teratomas
0#21#gene5241147#156#diseaseC0036631 14555521-12#0#21#gene5241 14555521-12#147#156#diseaseC0036631 associated_with Progesterone receptor,seminomas
28#30#gene209981#97#diseaseC0205851 14555521-17#28#30#gene2099 14555521-17#81#97#diseaseC0205851 associated_with ER,germ cell tumors
28#30#gene2099148#165#diseaseC0002793 14555521-17#28#30#gene2099 14555521-17#148#165#diseaseC0002793 associated_with ER,dedifferentiation
93#95#gene2099119#136#diseaseC0740345 14555521-3#93#95#gene2099 14555521-3#119#136#diseaseC0740345 associated_with ER,germ cell cancers
93#95#gene2099138#147#diseaseC0036631 14555521-3#93#95#gene2099 14555521-3#138#147#diseaseC0036631 associated_with ER,seminomas
93#95#gene2099152#184#diseaseC1266158 14555521-3#93#95#gene2099 14555521-3#152#184#diseaseC1266158 associated_with ER,nonseminomatous germ cell tumors

DisGeNET

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T0 1483-1504 gene:5241 denotes Progesterone receptor
T1 1630-1639 disease:C0036631 denotes seminomas
R1 T0 T1 associated_with Progesterone receptor,seminomas