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c_corpus

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 18-24 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T2 18-34 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T3 18-34 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T8 185-209 D002285 denotes ductal carcinoma in situ
T9 185-209 D002285 denotes ductal carcinoma in situ
T15 211-215 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T14 211-215 D002285 denotes DCIS
T16 211-215 D002285 denotes DCIS
T17 224-230 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T18 341-351 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T19 341-351 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T20 384-390 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T21 384-400 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T22 384-400 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T26 444-448 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T25 444-448 D002285 denotes DCIS
T27 444-448 D002285 denotes DCIS
T28 622-628 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T29 622-639 D001943 denotes breast carcinomas
T30 622-639 D001943 denotes breast carcinomas
T33 802-808 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T34 802-816 D001941 denotes breast disease
T35 802-816 D001941 denotes breast disease
T38 1021-1027 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T39 1021-1037 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T40 1021-1037 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T43 1083-1089 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T44 1083-1099 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T45 1083-1099 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T48 1126-1132 CHEBI:34935 denotes cohort
T49 1163-1169 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T50 1163-1180 D001943 denotes breast carcinomas
T51 1163-1180 D001943 denotes breast carcinomas
T55 1190-1194 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T54 1190-1194 D002285 denotes DCIS
T56 1190-1194 D002285 denotes DCIS
T57 1304-1316 SO:0000933 denotes intermediate
T59 1325-1329 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T58 1325-1329 D002285 denotes DCIS
T60 1325-1329 D002285 denotes DCIS
T63 1368-1372 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T62 1368-1372 D002285 denotes DCIS
T64 1368-1372 D002285 denotes DCIS
T65 1412-1417 SO:0000151 denotes clone
T66 1456-1462 SO:0000985 denotes double
T67 1513-1525 SO:0000933 denotes intermediate
T68 1592-1598 D009369 denotes tumors
T69 1592-1598 D009369 denotes tumors
T70 1723-1729 D009369 denotes tumors
T71 1723-1729 D009369 denotes tumors
T72 1749-1754 D009369 denotes tumor
T73 1749-1754 D009369 denotes tumor
T74 1791-1797 D009369 denotes tumors
T75 1791-1797 D009369 denotes tumors
T76 1917-1923 D009369 denotes tumors
T77 1917-1923 D009369 denotes tumors
T79 1925-1929 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T78 1925-1929 D002285 denotes DCIS
T80 1925-1929 D002285 denotes DCIS
T81 1950-1960 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T82 1950-1960 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T83 2036-2042 D009369 denotes tumors
T84 2036-2042 D009369 denotes tumors
T85 2160-2166 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T86 2160-2176 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T87 2160-2176 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T90 2249-2255 D009369 denotes tumors
T91 2249-2255 D009369 denotes tumors
T93 2291-2295 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T92 2291-2295 D002285 denotes DCIS
T94 2291-2295 D002285 denotes DCIS
T95 2320-2330 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T96 2320-2330 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T97 2355-2361 D009369 denotes tumors
T98 2355-2361 D009369 denotes tumors
T100 2365-2369 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T99 2365-2369 D002285 denotes DCIS
T101 2365-2369 D002285 denotes DCIS
T102 2394-2404 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T103 2394-2404 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T104 2426-2432 D009369 denotes tumors
T105 2426-2432 D009369 denotes tumors
T107 2436-2440 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T106 2436-2440 D002285 denotes DCIS
T108 2436-2440 D002285 denotes DCIS
T110 2464-2474 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T111 2464-2474 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T112 2510-2516 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T113 2510-2523 D001943 denotes breast tumors
T114 2510-2523 D001943 denotes breast tumors
T117 2551-2560 SO:0000732 denotes predicted
T118 2592-2598 D009369 denotes tumors
T119 2592-2598 D009369 denotes tumors
T120 2620-2630 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T121 2620-2630 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T123 2638-2642 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T122 2638-2642 D002285 denotes DCIS
T124 2638-2642 D002285 denotes DCIS
T125 2735-2741 D009369 denotes tumors
T126 2735-2741 D009369 denotes tumors
T127 2890-2896 D009369 denotes tumors
T128 2890-2896 D009369 denotes tumors
T129 2964-2970 D009369 denotes tumors
T130 2964-2970 D009369 denotes tumors
T131 3161-3167 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T132 3161-3178 D001943 denotes breast carcinomas
T133 3161-3178 D001943 denotes breast carcinomas
T136 3253-3263 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T137 3253-3263 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T139 3354-3358 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T138 3354-3358 D002285 denotes DCIS
T140 3354-3358 D002285 denotes DCIS
T142 3503-3507 CVCL_5552 denotes DCIS
T141 3503-3507 D002285 denotes DCIS
T143 3503-3507 D002285 denotes DCIS
T144 3588-3598 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T145 3588-3598 D002277 denotes carcinomas
T146 3648-3654 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T147 3648-3664 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T148 3648-3664 D001943 denotes breast carcinoma
T151 3802-3808 UBERON:0000310 denotes breast
T152 3802-3819 D001943 denotes breast carcinomas
T153 3802-3819 D001943 denotes breast carcinomas
T156 3883-3889 D009369 denotes tumors
T157 3883-3889 D009369 denotes tumors
T158 3896-3903 UBERON:0007222 denotes elderly

UseCases_ArguminSci_Discourse

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-116 DRI_Background denotes A simple model of breast carcinoma growth may provide explanations for observations of apparently complex phenomena.
T2 129-231 DRI_Background denotes There has been great debate regarding the importance of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the breast.
T3 232-484 DRI_Background denotes Autopsy results that demonstrate a much greater number of these lesions compared with the number of invasive carcinomas, and the numbers of deaths from breast carcinoma each year have been cited as evidence that DCIS rarely leads to invasion and death.
T4 485-666 DRI_Outcome denotes These analyses have overlooked the fact that, to sustain a rate of detection each year, there would have to be a reservoir of undetected breast carcinomas growing in the population.
T5 667-726 DRI_Background denotes The authors developed a simple model that makes this clear.
T6 727-897 DRI_Challenge denotes In addition, complex phenomena have been suggested to explain why invasive breast disease may grow more rapidly among very young women and more slowly among the very old.
T7 898-991 DRI_Outcome denotes A simple model provides some insight that may simplify the explanation of these observations.
T8 1001-1142 DRI_Approach denotes The simple model of breast carcinoma growth assumes that there are three types of breast carcinoma that begin each year in a cohort of women.
T9 1143-1381 DRI_Challenge denotes It assumes that all breast carcinomas begin as DCIS and take 9 years to go from a single cell to an invasive lesion for the slowest growing lesions, 6 years for intermediate growing DCIS lesions, and 3 years for fast-growing DCIS lesions.
T10 1382-1581 DRI_Outcome denotes Furthermore, once an invasive clone forms, the model assumes that it will double in 60 days for fast-growing lesions, 120 days for intermediate growing lesions, and 180 days for slow-growing lesions.
T11 1582-1656 DRI_Approach denotes Three new tumors begin to grow in each successive year (one of each type).
T12 1657-1854 DRI_Approach denotes The model uses simple vectors that are defined by the size of the tumors and the time since tumor initiation, and it assumes that all tumors are detected when they reach 2 cm in greatest dimension.
T13 1855-2053 DRI_Challenge denotes The model can be used to show graphically how many undetected tumors (DCIS as well as invasive carcinomas) there may be in the population to sustain the detection of three invasive tumors each year.
T14 2063-2476 DRI_Outcome denotes Using the assumptions described above, the model showed that, by the time the first slow-growing breast carcinoma reaches 2 cm in greatest dimension, there will be 29 other slow-growing tumors that have not reached that size (9 DCIS and 20 smaller invasive carcinomas), 19 moderately growing tumors (6 DCIS and 13 smaller invasive carcinomas), and 9 fast-growing tumors (3 DCIS and 6 smaller invasive carcinomas).
T15 2477-2689 DRI_Approach denotes This means that, for every three breast tumors that reach 2 cm, the model predicted that there would be another 57 tumors (39 smaller invasive carcinomas and 18 DCIS) that would be undetected "below the surface".
T16 2690-3047 DRI_Outcome denotes The model showed clearly that faster growing tumors would be expected to predominate among the youngest women, because they are the first to "reach the surface"; and, if the number of newly initiated tumors decreases with age, then there will be more of the slowest growing tumors that are left to reach the surface among the oldest women in the population.
T17 3061-3315 DRI_Challenge denotes Even if the authors' assumptions are incorrect, their model made it clear that, to diagnose several breast carcinomas per 1000 women each year means that there have to be many more undetected carcinomas in the population to sustain the rate of detection.
T18 3316-3675 DRI_Challenge denotes Although the model did not prove that DCIS may become potentially invasive and lethal, it did demonstrate that, even if all of these in situ lesions become invasive and lethal, many more DCIS lesions would have to be expected in the population than the number of invasive carcinomas detected each year and the number of deaths from breast carcinoma each year.
T19 3676-3910 DRI_Outcome denotes Furthermore, the model provided a simple, purely mechanical illustration that may explain the preponderance of faster growing breast carcinomas among very young women and the preponderance of slower growing tumors among elderly women.

PubMed_Structured_Abstracts

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 129-991 BACKGROUND denotes There has been great debate regarding the importance of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the breast. Autopsy results that demonstrate a much greater number of these lesions compared with the number of invasive carcinomas, and the numbers of deaths from breast carcinoma each year have been cited as evidence that DCIS rarely leads to invasion and death. These analyses have overlooked the fact that, to sustain a rate of detection each year, there would have to be a reservoir of undetected breast carcinomas growing in the population. The authors developed a simple model that makes this clear. In addition, complex phenomena have been suggested to explain why invasive breast disease may grow more rapidly among very young women and more slowly among the very old. A simple model provides some insight that may simplify the explanation of these observations.
T2 1001-2053 METHODS denotes The simple model of breast carcinoma growth assumes that there are three types of breast carcinoma that begin each year in a cohort of women. It assumes that all breast carcinomas begin as DCIS and take 9 years to go from a single cell to an invasive lesion for the slowest growing lesions, 6 years for intermediate growing DCIS lesions, and 3 years for fast-growing DCIS lesions. Furthermore, once an invasive clone forms, the model assumes that it will double in 60 days for fast-growing lesions, 120 days for intermediate growing lesions, and 180 days for slow-growing lesions. Three new tumors begin to grow in each successive year (one of each type). The model uses simple vectors that are defined by the size of the tumors and the time since tumor initiation, and it assumes that all tumors are detected when they reach 2 cm in greatest dimension. The model can be used to show graphically how many undetected tumors (DCIS as well as invasive carcinomas) there may be in the population to sustain the detection of three invasive tumors each year.
T3 2063-3047 RESULTS denotes Using the assumptions described above, the model showed that, by the time the first slow-growing breast carcinoma reaches 2 cm in greatest dimension, there will be 29 other slow-growing tumors that have not reached that size (9 DCIS and 20 smaller invasive carcinomas), 19 moderately growing tumors (6 DCIS and 13 smaller invasive carcinomas), and 9 fast-growing tumors (3 DCIS and 6 smaller invasive carcinomas). This means that, for every three breast tumors that reach 2 cm, the model predicted that there would be another 57 tumors (39 smaller invasive carcinomas and 18 DCIS) that would be undetected "below the surface". The model showed clearly that faster growing tumors would be expected to predominate among the youngest women, because they are the first to "reach the surface"; and, if the number of newly initiated tumors decreases with age, then there will be more of the slowest growing tumors that are left to reach the surface among the oldest women in the population.
T4 3061-3910 CONCLUSIONS denotes Even if the authors' assumptions are incorrect, their model made it clear that, to diagnose several breast carcinomas per 1000 women each year means that there have to be many more undetected carcinomas in the population to sustain the rate of detection. Although the model did not prove that DCIS may become potentially invasive and lethal, it did demonstrate that, even if all of these in situ lesions become invasive and lethal, many more DCIS lesions would have to be expected in the population than the number of invasive carcinomas detected each year and the number of deaths from breast carcinoma each year. Furthermore, the model provided a simple, purely mechanical illustration that may explain the preponderance of faster growing breast carcinomas among very young women and the preponderance of slower growing tumors among elderly women.