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PubMed_ArguminSci

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 132-258 DRI_Background denotes Pigment Red 3, a yellowish red solid, is widely used for coloring paints, inks, plastics, and rubber, and in textile printing.
T2 259-375 DRI_Background denotes It is used in a wide range of consumer items such as wallpaper, typewriter ribbons, carbon paper, and art materials.
T3 376-512 DRI_Background denotes Toxicology and carcinogenicity studies were conducted by feeding groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex diets containing C.I.
T4 513-573 DRI_Approach denotes Pigment Red 3 (97% pure) for 2 weeks, 13 weeks, and 2 years.
T5 574-683 DRI_Background denotes Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium and cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells.
T6 684-826 DRI_Background denotes 2-Week Studies: Groups of five rats and five mice of each sex were given feed containing 0, 6,000, 12,500, 25,000, 50,000, or 100,000 ppm C.I.
T7 854-906 DRI_Background denotes No chemical-related deaths occurred in rats or mice.
T8 907-1119 DRI_Background denotes Final mean body weights of exposed rats and male mice were lower than controls; female mice that received 6,000 and 50,000 ppm had significantly increased final mean body weights compared to that of the controls.
T9 1120-1234 DRI_Background denotes The feed consumption of treated rats and mice was slightly greater than that of the controls, suggesting that C.I.
T10 1235-1297 DRI_Background denotes Pigment Red 3 had no adverse effects on the feed palatability.
T11 1298-1426 DRI_Background denotes Dose-related decreases in erythrocyte counts and hematocrit values and an increase in reticulocyte counts were observed in rats.
T12 1427-1523 DRI_Background denotes Changes in these parameters were observed in mice, but there were no clear, dose-related trends.
T13 1524-1663 DRI_Background denotes 13-Week Studies: Groups of ten rats and ten mice of each sex were given feed containing 0, 3,000, 6,000, 12,500, 25,000, or 50,000 ppm C.I.
T14 1692-1749 DRI_Background denotes No chemical-related deaths were observed in rats or mice.
T15 1750-1944 DRI_Outcome denotes The final mean body weights of exposed female rats were significantly lower than that of the controls; the final mean body weights of exposed male rats and exposed mice were similar to controls.
T16 1945-2036 DRI_Background denotes There were significant increases in relative liver and kidney weights of exposed male rats.
T17 2037-2194 DRI_Background denotes Increases in the relative liver weights in mice did not occur with a dose-related trend and thus they were not considered related to chemical administration.
T18 2195-2225 DRI_Background denotes Sites for the toxicity of C.I.
T19 2226-2296 DRI_Background denotes Pigment Red 3 were the bone marrow, kidney, liver, and spleen in rats.
T20 2297-2483 DRI_Background denotes Lesions observed in rats included bone marrow hyperplasia, congestion and hematopoietic cell proliferation of the spleen, and iron-positive pigmentation of the spleen, kidney, and liver.
T21 2484-2514 DRI_Background denotes Sites for the toxicity of C.I.
T22 2515-2617 DRI_Background denotes Pigment Red 3 in mice were the liver, kidney, and spleen in males and the liver and spleen in females.
T23 2618-2726 DRI_Background denotes Lesions noted among mice in the spleen were hematopoietic cell proliferation and iron-positive pigmentation.
T24 2727-2808 DRI_Background denotes In the liver, there was hematopoietic cell proliferation in male and female mice.
T25 2809-2885 DRI_Background denotes Cytomegaly occurred in the renal tubule epithelium of the male mouse kidney.
T26 2886-3039 DRI_Outcome denotes 2-Year Studies: Doses selected for the 2-year feed studies were 0, 6,000, 12,500, and 25,000 ppm for rats and 0, 12,500, 25,000, and 50,000 ppm for mice.
T27 3040-3280 DRI_Background denotes The dose selection for rats was based on body weight changes observed for females that received 50,000 ppm; the dose selection for mice was based on the lack of body weight depression or death at the doses tested during the 13-week studies.
T28 3458-3759 DRI_Outcome denotes Body Weight, Feed Consumption, Clinical Findings, and Survival in the 2-Year Studies: Final mean body weights for male rats that received 25,000 ppm, female rats that received 12,500 and 25,000 ppm, and male and female mice that received 50,000 ppm were more than 10% lower than those of the controls.
T29 3760-3838 DRI_Background denotes Feed consumption of exposed rats and mice was similar to that of the controls.
T30 3839-3913 DRI_Background denotes No clinical findings indicative of toxicity were observed in rats or mice.
T31 3914-4058 DRI_Background denotes The survival of low-dose male rats was greater than that of the controls (0 ppm, 28/50; 6,000 ppm, 40/50; 12,500 ppm, 28/50; 25,000 ppm, 20/50).
T32 4059-4284 DRI_Background denotes Survival of exposed female rats and exposed male mice was similar to the controls; the survival of high-dose female mice was significantly decreased compared to thcompared to that of the controls (39/50, 37/50, 31/50, 25/50).
T33 4285-4391 DRI_Outcome denotes The reduced survival in this dose group may have been due to the increased incidence of ovarian abscesses.
T34 4392-4616 DRI_Background denotes Neoplasms and Nonneoplastic Lesions in the 2-Year Studies: Benign adrenal pheochromocytomas were significantly increased in the 12,500 and 25,000 ppm groups of male rats compared to the controls (22/50, 29/50, 35/50, 34/50).
T35 4617-4704 DRI_Background denotes However, malignant neoplasms were not increased in incidence (6/50, 7/50, 10/50, 4/50).
T36 4705-4920 DRI_Background denotes The incidence of adrenal pheochromocytomas in dosed groups exceeded the range for NTP historical controls for feed studies (22%-48%), and the increased incidence of this neoplasm was attributed to C.I.
T37 4951-5151 DRI_Background denotes Squamous cell papillomas of the skin occurred with a positive trend in male rats (0/50, 4/50, 2/50, 6/50), and the incidence in the high-dose group was significantly greater than that of the controls.
T38 5152-5256 DRI_Background denotes A poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (diagnosed as carcinoma) was observed in a control male.
T39 5257-5493 DRI_Background denotes The historical control rate for squamous cell papillomas in NTP feed studies is low (16/800 or 2%, range 0%-4%), and the higher incidence of this tumor in male rats may have been caused by the administration of C.I.
T40 5509-5694 DRI_Background denotes Hepatocellular adenomas occurred with a positive trend in female rats, with a significantly greater incidence in the high-dose group than in the control group (0/50, 0/50, 1/50, 10/50).
T41 5695-5916 DRI_Background denotes This neoplasm has occurred in only one historical control group in NTP feed studies (3/800, range 0%-6%), and the increase in hepatocellular adenomas in female rats was attributed to chemical administration.
T42 5917-5933 REPLACED denotes Chemical-related
T43 5948-6067 DRI_Background denotes lesions observed in the livers of male and female rats included eosinophilic or mixed type foci of cellular alteration.
T44 6068-6202 DRI_Background denotes Foci were often accompanied by angiectasis and cystic degeneration in males and by granulomas and cholesterol pigmentation in females.
T45 6203-6288 DRI_Background denotes Chronic nephropathy occurred with increased severity in exposed male and female rats.
T46 6289-6343 DRI_Outcome denotes The lesions were more severe in males than in females.
T47 6344-6556 DRI_Background denotes Other lesions considered secondary to renal disease included parathyroid gland hyperplasia, fibrous osteodystrophy of the bone, and mineralization of various organs (stomach, intestine, heart, and blood vessels).
T48 6557-6726 DRI_Background denotes The increased incidence of hyperplasia of the transitional epithelium of the renal papilla observed in treated rats was considered to be part of the chronic nephropathy.
T49 6727-6850 DRI_Background denotes Zymbal's gland carcinoma incidences were marginally increased in the mid- and high-dose male rats (0/50, 0/50, 2/50, 3/50).
T50 6851-7019 DRI_Background denotes The incidence in the high-dose group was outside the NTP historical control range (0%-4%), and the Zymbal's gland carcinomas may have been related to C.I.
T51 7050-7110 DRI_Background denotes Mononuclear cell leukemias, mammary gland fibroadenomas, and
T52 7136-7212 DRI_Background denotes gland adenomas occurred at lower incidences in exposed male and female rats.
T53 7213-7298 DRI_Background denotes The decrease in mononuclear cell leukemia was attributed to the direct effect of C.I.
T54 7299-7521 DRI_Background denotes Pigment Red 3 or its metabolites on the mechanism responsible for inducing leukemias in aging rats, while the decreased incidence of mammary gland fibroadenomas might be attributed to decreased body weights in female rats.
T55 7522-7610 DRI_Outcome denotes The cause of the decreased incidences of preputial and clitoral gland tumors is unknown.
T56 7611-7800 DRI_Background denotes Tubule adenomas of the renal cortex occurred at a significantly higher incidence in high-dose male mice than in controls (0 ppm, 0/50; 12,500 ppm, 0/50; 25,000 ppm, 0/50; 50,000 ppm, 6/50).
T57 7801-8047 DRI_Background denotes Because this tumor occurred only in exposed males and was outside the range for NTP historical controls in feed studies (0%-2%), renal cortical tubule adenomas in male mice were considered to be related to the administration of C.I.
T58 8063-8177 DRI_Background denotes Follicular cell adenoma of the thyroid gland occurred with a positive trend in male mice (0/50, 0/49, 1/50, 5/50).
T59 8178-8266 DRI_Approach denotes Theincidence in the high-dose group was significantly greater than that in the controls.
T60 8267-8367 DRI_Approach denotes This chemical-related effect is supported by the increased incidence of follicular cell hyperplasia.
T61 8368-8577 DRI_Outcome denotes Because the incidence of this tumor exceeded the range of the historical controls from NTP feed studies (0%-4%), the increase of follicular cell adenoma was attributed to chemical administration.
T62 8578-8604 DRI_Background denotes Female mice receiving C.I.
T63 8605-8732 DRI_Background denotes Pigment Red 3 had a significant increase in follicular cell hyperplasia but showed no increase in tumor incidence at this site.
T64 8733-8841 DRI_Background denotes Focal renal tubule hyperplasia and cystic hyperplasia occurred in exposed male mice but not in the controls.
T65 8842-8932 DRI_Background denotes Cytomegaly (karyomegaly) of the renal tubule epithelium was seen in all treated male mice.
T66 8933-9029 DRI_Outcome denotes The severity of the accompanying chronic nephropathy was increased in both male and female mice.
T67 9055-9281 DRI_Approach denotes Pigment Red 3 was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA98 in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation (S9); no increases in gene mutation were observed in strains TA1535 and TA1537, with or without S9.
T68 9287-9445 DRI_Background denotes Pigment Red 3 did not induce sister chromatid exchanges or chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells in either the presence or the absence of S9.
T69 9446-9566 DRI_Background denotes Conclusions: Under the conditions of these 2-year feed studies, there was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of C.I.
T70 9567-9687 DRI_Background denotes Pigment Red 3 in male F344/N rats as exhibited by increased incidences of benign pheochromocytomas of the adrenal gland.
T71 9688-9827 DRI_Background denotes The marginal increase in the incidences of squamous cell papillomas of the skin and Zymbal's gland carcinomas may have been related to C.I.
T72 9858-9914 DRI_Background denotes There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of C.I.
T73 9915-10018 DRI_Background denotes Pigment Red 3 in female F344/N rats as indicated by the increased incidence of hepatocellular adenomas.
T74 10019-10075 DRI_Background denotes There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of C.I.
T75 10076-10240 DRI_Background denotes Pigment Red 3 in male B6C3F1 mice as exhibited by the increased incidences of tubule adenomas of the renal cortex and follicular cell adenomas of the thyroid gland.
T76 10241-10295 DRI_Background denotes There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of C.I.
T77 10296-10376 DRI_Background denotes Pigment Red 3 in female B6C3F1 mice that received 12,500, 25,000, or 50,000 ppm.
T78 10377-10594 DRI_Background denotes The incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia and preputial gland tumors in male rats and mononuclear cell leukemia, mammary gland fibroadenoma, and clitoral gland tumors in female rats were lower in the exposed groups.
T79 10595-10680 DRI_Background denotes The incidences of liver foci were markedly increased in exposed male and female rats.
T80 10681-10792 DRI_Background denotes The severity of chronic nephropathy was increased in male rats and to a lesser extent in female rats given C.I.
T81 10808-10967 DRI_Background denotes An increase in the severity of nephropathy was observed in male and female mice; cytomegaly (karyomegaly) of renal tubule epithelium was observed in male mice.
T82 10968-11079 DRI_Background denotes Thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia occurred with an increased incidence in male and female mice receiving C.I.