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Inflammaging

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-59 Sentence denotes NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Ozone (CAS No.
T2 60-94 Sentence denotes 10028-15-6) and Ozone/NNK (CAS No.
T3 95-171 Sentence denotes 10028-15-6/ 64091-91-4) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).
T4 172-250 Sentence denotes There is widespread concern over the health effects of oxidant air pollutants.
T5 251-372 Sentence denotes The state of California and the Health Effects Institute (HEI) (a nonprofit research institute funded jointly by the U.S.
T6 373-509 Sentence denotes Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] and combustion engine manufacturers) nominated ozone for evaluation in long-term animal studies.
T7 510-711 Sentence denotes The NTP study designs were a result of a series of meetings at the NIEHS with scientists from NIEHS, USEPA, and HEI, as well as experts from academic institutions working in the area of air pollutants.
T8 712-858 Sentence denotes Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to ozone by inhalation for 4 weeks, 2 years, or for 124 weeks (rats) or 130 weeks (mice).
T9 859-925 Sentence denotes The oxygen used to generate the ozone was greater than 99.9% pure.
T10 926-1142 Sentence denotes Additional groups of male F344/N rats were administered injections of 4-(N-methyl-Nnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) (~99% pure) 3 times per week for 20 weeks and exposed to ozone by inhalation for 2 years.
T11 1143-1211 Sentence denotes Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium.
T12 1212-1239 Sentence denotes 4-WEEK OZONE STUDY IN RATS:
T13 1240-1400 Sentence denotes Groups of five male and five female F344/N rats were exposed to 0, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 20 days.
T14 1401-1443 Sentence denotes All rats survived to the end of the study.
T15 1444-1589 Sentence denotes The final mean body weights and mean body weight gains of 0.5 ppm males and females and of 1.0 ppm females were similar to those of the controls.
T16 1590-1673 Sentence denotes The final mean body weight of 1.0 ppm males was 7% lower than that of the controls.
T17 1674-1786 Sentence denotes Clinical findings included hypoactivity in 1.0 ppm males and females and ruffled fur in exposed groups of males.
T18 1787-2007 Sentence denotes Male and female rats exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 ppm developed multifocal lesions of the lung, which consisted of infiltration of granulocytes and macrophages with extension of the bronchial epithelium into the alveolar ducts.
T19 2008-2133 Sentence denotes Female rats exposed to ozone developed minimal squamous metaplasia of the laryngeal epithelium at the base of the epiglottis.
T20 2134-2364 Sentence denotes Absolute and relative lung weights of all exposed groups of males and females were greater than those of the controls, and absolute and relative thymus weights of all exposed groups were generally lower than those of the controls.
T21 2365-2392 Sentence denotes 4-WEEK OZONE STUDY IN MICE:
T22 2393-2553 Sentence denotes Groups of five male and five female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 20 days.
T23 2554-2596 Sentence denotes All mice survived to the end of the study.
T24 2597-2714 Sentence denotes The final mean body weights and body weight gains of all exposed groups of mice were less than those of the controls.
T25 2715-2757 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in 1.0 ppm mice.
T26 2758-2992 Sentence denotes Male and female mice exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 ppm ozone developed patchy, multifocal lesions of the lung, which consisted of infiltration of granulocytes and macrophages with extension of the bronchial epithelium into the alveolar ducts.
T27 2993-3087 Sentence denotes The relative lung weight of 1.0 ppm males was significantly greater than that of the controls.
T28 3088-3204 Sentence denotes There were no other statistically significant differences in absolute or relative organ weights in males or females.
T29 3205-3232 Sentence denotes 2-YEAR OZONE STUDY IN RATS:
T30 3233-3438 Sentence denotes The 2-year study was designed to include the present USEPA standard (0.12 ppm), the maximum concentration believed compatible with long-term survival (1.0 ppm), and an intermediate concentration (0.5 ppm).
T31 3439-3596 Sentence denotes Groups of 50 male and 50 female F344/N rats were exposed to 0, 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 105 weeks.
T32 3597-3643 Sentence denotes Survival, Body Weights, and Clinical Findings:
T33 3644-3739 Sentence denotes Survival of exposed groups of rats was similar to that of the controls at the end of the study.
T34 3740-3859 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 0.12 and 0.5 ppm males and females were similar to those of the controls throughout the study.
T35 3860-3979 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 1.0 ppm males and females were slightly lower than those of the controls throughout the study.
T36 3980-4047 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in male and female rats exposed to ozone.
T37 4048-4067 Sentence denotes Pathology Findings:
T38 4068-4187 Sentence denotes Increased incidences of ozone-induced metaplasia occurred in the nose and lung of rats exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 ppm ozone.
T39 4188-4404 Sentence denotes The lesions in the nose were characterized by an increase in the number of goblin the number of goblet cells in the respiratory epithelium with mild squamous metaplasia of the cuboidal epithelium on the lateral wall.
T40 4405-4578 Sentence denotes The increase in the number of goblet cells was found primarily in level I and II epithelium occurring along the lateral wall and on the maxilloturbinates and nasoturbinates.
T41 4579-4733 Sentence denotes The metaplasia in the lung was a patchy multifocal lesion consisting of extension of the bronchial epithelium into the alveoli of the centriacinar region.
T42 4734-4896 Sentence denotes This may represent more an extension of the bronchial epithelium into the pulmonary parenchyma than an actual transition of one epithelial cell type into another.
T43 4897-5092 Sentence denotes There were increased incidences of squamous metaplasia at the base of the epiglottis characterized by one or more layers of flattened epithelial cells where low cuboidal cells are normally found.
T44 5093-5224 Sentence denotes There were no increases in the incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma in either males or females exposed to ozone.
T45 5225-5254 Sentence denotes LIFETIME OZONE STUDY IN RATS:
T46 5255-5408 Sentence denotes For this study, rats were exposed to 0.5 and 1.0 ppm ozone for an additional 6 months to determine the effect of extended exposure on neoplasm incidence.
T47 5409-5560 Sentence denotes Groups of 50 male and 50 female F344/N rats were exposed to 0, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 125 weeks.
T48 5561-5607 Sentence denotes Survival, Body Weights, and Clinical Findings:
T49 5608-5677 Sentence denotes Survival rates of exposed rats were similar to those of the controls.
T50 5678-5788 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 0.5 ppm males and females were similar to those of the controls throughout the study.
T51 5789-5924 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 1.0 ppm males and females were slightly lower than those of the controls for the first two years of the study.
T52 5925-5990 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in exposed groups of males and females.
T53 5991-6010 Sentence denotes Pathology Findings:
T54 6011-6125 Sentence denotes Increased incidences of metaplasia occurred in the nose, larynx, and lung of rats exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 ppm ozone.
T55 6126-6331 Sentence denotes The lung lesions were multifocal, centriacinar and were characterized by the presence of cuboidal epithelium (ciliated and nonciliated) along the alveolar ducts where type I epithelium is normally present.
T56 6332-6529 Sentence denotes Inflammation (histiocytic infiltration) and interstitial fibrosis were observed in the lung of exposed males and females, and hyperplasia was observed in the nose of exposed male and female groups.
T57 6530-6592 Sentence denotes There were no ozone-related increased incidences of neoplasms.
T58 6593-6629 Sentence denotes 2-YEAR OZONE/NNK STUDY IN MALE RATS:
T59 6630-6867 Sentence denotes An intermediate concentration of 0.5 ppm ozone was combined with exposure to two levels of a known carcinogen (0.1 and 1.0 mg NNK/kg body weight) in order to determine if ozone promotes the carcinogenic process or acts as a cocarcinogen.
T60 6868-6995 Sentence denotes Groups of 48 male F344/N rats were exposed to 0 or 0.5 ppm ozone by inhalation, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 105 weeks.
T61 6996-7156 Sentence denotes During the first 20 weeks of the study, these rats were subcutaneously injected with 0, 0.1, or 1.0 mg NNK per kg body weight in trioctanoin three times weekly.
T62 7157-7183 Sentence denotes Survival and Body Weights:
T63 7184-7248 Sentence denotes Two-year survival rates of male rats were similar in all groups.
T64 7249-7444 Sentence denotes Final mean body weights of all males exposed to NNK alone or NNK and ozone were similar to that of the controls, with the exception of rats exposed to 1.0 mg NNK/kg body weight and 0.5 ppm ozone.
T65 7445-7580 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in males exposed to NNK and ozone, in those exposed to NNK without ozone, and in those exposed to ozone only.
T66 7581-7600 Sentence denotes Pathology Findings:
T67 7601-7773 Sentence denotes Alveolar epithelial metaplasia and interstitial fibrosis occurred in all groups of rats exposed to ozone or to NNK and ozone, but not in those exposed to NNK without ozone.
T68 7774-7872 Sentence denotes Increased incidences of hyperplasia occurred in groups of rats exposed to NNK or to ozone and NNK.
T69 7873-7953 Sentence denotes Incidences of hyperplasia were similar among groups of rats exposed to NNK only.
T70 7954-8100 Sentence denotes An increased incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) occurred in rats administered 1.0 mg/kg NNK, with or without ozone.
T71 8101-8232 Sentence denotes The administration of ozone did not affect the occurrence of pulmonary neoplasms or nonneoplastic lesions in rats administered NNK.
T72 8233-8260 Sentence denotes 2-YEAR OZONE STUDY IN MICE:
T73 8261-8466 Sentence denotes The 2-year study was designed to include the present USEPA standard (0.12 ppm), the maximum concentration believed compatible with long-term survival (1.0 ppm), and an intermediate concentration (0.5 ppm).
T74 8467-8624 Sentence denotes Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 105 weeks.
T75 8625-8671 Sentence denotes Survival, Body Weights, and Clinical Findings:
T76 8672-8834 Sentence denotes Survival rates of exposed mice were generally similar to those of the controls; the 2-year survival rate of 1.0 ppm females was greater than that of the controls.
T77 8835-9087 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 0.12 and 0.5 ppm males were similar to that of the controls throughout the study; the mean body weights of 1.0 ppm males and of all exposed groups of females were generally lower than those of the controls throughout the study.
T78 9088-9155 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in male and female mice exposed to ozone.
T79 9156-9175 Sentence denotes Pathology Findings:
T80 9176-9281 Sentence denotes Increased incidences of metaplasia occurred in the nose and lung of mice exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 ppm ozone.
T81 9282-9429 Sentence denotes The metaplasia in the nose consisted of increased thickening and extension of the squamous epithelium in the anterior portion of the nasal passage.
T82 9430-9552 Sentence denotes The metaplasia in the lung consisted of extension of the bronchial epithelium into the alveoli of the centriacinar region.
T83 9553-9685 Sentence denotes There were increased incidences of hyperplasia in the nose characterized by thickening of the noncuboidal (transitional) epithelium.
T84 9686-9856 Sentence denotes There were increased incidences of hyperplasia in the epiglottis of female mice, a change that was characterized by a minimal increase in the thickness of the epithelium.
T85 9857-10103 Sentence denotes Incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were marginally increased in 0.5 and 1.0 ppm males (0 ppm, 14/50; 0.12 ppm, 13/50; 0.5 ppm, 18/50; 1.0 ppm, 19/50) and were increased in 1.0 ppm females (6/50, 7/50, 9/49, 16/50).
T86 10104-10133 Sentence denotes LIFETIME OZONE STUDY IN MICE:
T87 10134-10274 Sentence denotes For this study, mice were exposed to 0.5 and 1.0 ppm ozone for 30 months to determine the effect of extended exposure on neoplasm incidence.
T88 10275-10426 Sentence denotes Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 130 weeks.
T89 10427-10453 Sentence denotes Survival and Body Weights:
T90 10454-10523 Sentence denotes Survival rates of exposed mice were similar to those of the controls.
T91 10524-10634 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 0.5 ppm males and females were similar to those of the controls throughout the study.
T92 10635-10755 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 1.0 ppm males and females were generally lower than those of the controls throughout the study.
T93 10756-10823 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in male and female mice exposed to ozone.
T94 10824-10843 Sentence denotes Pathology Findings:
T95 10844-11049 Sentence denotes The incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma and carcinoma (combined) were marginally increased in exposed males (0 ppm, 16/49; 0.5 ppm, 22/49; 1.0 ppm, 21/50) and in exposed females (6/50, 8/49, 12/50).
T96 11050-11252 Sentence denotes Increased incidences of metaplasia occurred in the nose, larynx, and lung of exposed groups of males and females, and the incidences of hyperplasia were increased in the larynx and nose of exposed mice.
T97 11253-11328 Sentence denotes The morphology of the lesions was similar to that seen in the 2-year study.
T98 11329-11402 Sentence denotes There were no ozone-related increases in alveolar epithelial hyperplasia.
T99 11403-11422 Sentence denotes GENETIC TOXICOLOGY:
T100 11423-11524 Sentence denotes Ozone was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA102, with and without S9 metabolic activation.
T101 11525-11537 Sentence denotes CONCLUSIONS:
T102 11538-11727 Sentence denotes Under the conditions of these 2-year and lifetime inhalation studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of ozone in male or female F344/N rats exposed to 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm.
T103 11728-11886 Sentence denotes There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of ozone in male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma.
T104 11887-12042 Sentence denotes There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of ozone in female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma.
T105 12043-12167 Sentence denotes There was no evidence that exposure to 0.5 ppm ozone enhanced the incidence of NNK-induced pulmonary neoplasms in male rats.
T106 12168-12477 Sentence denotes Exposure of male and female rats to ozone for 2 years or 125 weeks was associated with goblet cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia in the nose, squamous metaplasia in the larynx, and metaplasia (extension of bronchial epithelium into the centriacinar alveolar ducts) and interstitial fibrosis in the lung.
T107 12478-12757 Sentence denotes Exposure of male and female mice to ozone for 2 years or 130 weeks was associated with hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia in the nose and inflammation (histiocytic infiltration) and metaplasia (extension of bronchial epithelium into the centriacinar alveolar ducts) of the lung.
T1 0-59 Sentence denotes NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Ozone (CAS No.
T2 60-94 Sentence denotes 10028-15-6) and Ozone/NNK (CAS No.
T3 95-171 Sentence denotes 10028-15-6/ 64091-91-4) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).
T4 172-250 Sentence denotes There is widespread concern over the health effects of oxidant air pollutants.
T5 251-372 Sentence denotes The state of California and the Health Effects Institute (HEI) (a nonprofit research institute funded jointly by the U.S.
T6 373-509 Sentence denotes Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] and combustion engine manufacturers) nominated ozone for evaluation in long-term animal studies.
T7 510-711 Sentence denotes The NTP study designs were a result of a series of meetings at the NIEHS with scientists from NIEHS, USEPA, and HEI, as well as experts from academic institutions working in the area of air pollutants.
T8 712-858 Sentence denotes Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to ozone by inhalation for 4 weeks, 2 years, or for 124 weeks (rats) or 130 weeks (mice).
T9 859-925 Sentence denotes The oxygen used to generate the ozone was greater than 99.9% pure.
T10 926-1142 Sentence denotes Additional groups of male F344/N rats were administered injections of 4-(N-methyl-Nnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) (~99% pure) 3 times per week for 20 weeks and exposed to ozone by inhalation for 2 years.
T11 1143-1211 Sentence denotes Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium.
T12 1212-1239 Sentence denotes 4-WEEK OZONE STUDY IN RATS:
T13 1240-1400 Sentence denotes Groups of five male and five female F344/N rats were exposed to 0, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 20 days.
T14 1401-1443 Sentence denotes All rats survived to the end of the study.
T15 1444-1589 Sentence denotes The final mean body weights and mean body weight gains of 0.5 ppm males and females and of 1.0 ppm females were similar to those of the controls.
T16 1590-1673 Sentence denotes The final mean body weight of 1.0 ppm males was 7% lower than that of the controls.
T17 1674-1786 Sentence denotes Clinical findings included hypoactivity in 1.0 ppm males and females and ruffled fur in exposed groups of males.
T18 1787-2007 Sentence denotes Male and female rats exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 ppm developed multifocal lesions of the lung, which consisted of infiltration of granulocytes and macrophages with extension of the bronchial epithelium into the alveolar ducts.
T19 2008-2133 Sentence denotes Female rats exposed to ozone developed minimal squamous metaplasia of the laryngeal epithelium at the base of the epiglottis.
T20 2134-2364 Sentence denotes Absolute and relative lung weights of all exposed groups of males and females were greater than those of the controls, and absolute and relative thymus weights of all exposed groups were generally lower than those of the controls.
T21 2365-2392 Sentence denotes 4-WEEK OZONE STUDY IN MICE:
T22 2393-2553 Sentence denotes Groups of five male and five female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 20 days.
T23 2554-2596 Sentence denotes All mice survived to the end of the study.
T24 2597-2714 Sentence denotes The final mean body weights and body weight gains of all exposed groups of mice were less than those of the controls.
T25 2715-2757 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in 1.0 ppm mice.
T26 2758-2992 Sentence denotes Male and female mice exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 ppm ozone developed patchy, multifocal lesions of the lung, which consisted of infiltration of granulocytes and macrophages with extension of the bronchial epithelium into the alveolar ducts.
T27 2993-3087 Sentence denotes The relative lung weight of 1.0 ppm males was significantly greater than that of the controls.
T28 3088-3204 Sentence denotes There were no other statistically significant differences in absolute or relative organ weights in males or females.
T29 3205-3232 Sentence denotes 2-YEAR OZONE STUDY IN RATS:
T30 3233-3438 Sentence denotes The 2-year study was designed to include the present USEPA standard (0.12 ppm), the maximum concentration believed compatible with long-term survival (1.0 ppm), and an intermediate concentration (0.5 ppm).
T31 3439-3596 Sentence denotes Groups of 50 male and 50 female F344/N rats were exposed to 0, 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 105 weeks.
T32 3597-3643 Sentence denotes Survival, Body Weights, and Clinical Findings:
T33 3644-3739 Sentence denotes Survival of exposed groups of rats was similar to that of the controls at the end of the study.
T34 3740-3859 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 0.12 and 0.5 ppm males and females were similar to those of the controls throughout the study.
T35 3860-3979 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 1.0 ppm males and females were slightly lower than those of the controls throughout the study.
T36 3980-4047 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in male and female rats exposed to ozone.
T37 4048-4067 Sentence denotes Pathology Findings:
T38 4068-4187 Sentence denotes Increased incidences of ozone-induced metaplasia occurred in the nose and lung of rats exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 ppm ozone.
T39 4188-4404 Sentence denotes The lesions in the nose were characterized by an increase in the number of goblin the number of goblet cells in the respiratory epithelium with mild squamous metaplasia of the cuboidal epithelium on the lateral wall.
T40 4405-4578 Sentence denotes The increase in the number of goblet cells was found primarily in level I and II epithelium occurring along the lateral wall and on the maxilloturbinates and nasoturbinates.
T41 4579-4733 Sentence denotes The metaplasia in the lung was a patchy multifocal lesion consisting of extension of the bronchial epithelium into the alveoli of the centriacinar region.
T42 4734-4896 Sentence denotes This may represent more an extension of the bronchial epithelium into the pulmonary parenchyma than an actual transition of one epithelial cell type into another.
T43 4897-5092 Sentence denotes There were increased incidences of squamous metaplasia at the base of the epiglottis characterized by one or more layers of flattened epithelial cells where low cuboidal cells are normally found.
T44 5093-5224 Sentence denotes There were no increases in the incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma in either males or females exposed to ozone.
T45 5225-5254 Sentence denotes LIFETIME OZONE STUDY IN RATS:
T46 5255-5408 Sentence denotes For this study, rats were exposed to 0.5 and 1.0 ppm ozone for an additional 6 months to determine the effect of extended exposure on neoplasm incidence.
T47 5409-5560 Sentence denotes Groups of 50 male and 50 female F344/N rats were exposed to 0, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 125 weeks.
T48 5561-5607 Sentence denotes Survival, Body Weights, and Clinical Findings:
T49 5608-5677 Sentence denotes Survival rates of exposed rats were similar to those of the controls.
T50 5678-5788 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 0.5 ppm males and females were similar to those of the controls throughout the study.
T51 5789-5924 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 1.0 ppm males and females were slightly lower than those of the controls for the first two years of the study.
T52 5925-5990 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in exposed groups of males and females.
T53 5991-6010 Sentence denotes Pathology Findings:
T54 6011-6125 Sentence denotes Increased incidences of metaplasia occurred in the nose, larynx, and lung of rats exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 ppm ozone.
T55 6126-6331 Sentence denotes The lung lesions were multifocal, centriacinar and were characterized by the presence of cuboidal epithelium (ciliated and nonciliated) along the alveolar ducts where type I epithelium is normally present.
T56 6332-6529 Sentence denotes Inflammation (histiocytic infiltration) and interstitial fibrosis were observed in the lung of exposed males and females, and hyperplasia was observed in the nose of exposed male and female groups.
T57 6530-6592 Sentence denotes There were no ozone-related increased incidences of neoplasms.
T58 6593-6629 Sentence denotes 2-YEAR OZONE/NNK STUDY IN MALE RATS:
T59 6630-6867 Sentence denotes An intermediate concentration of 0.5 ppm ozone was combined with exposure to two levels of a known carcinogen (0.1 and 1.0 mg NNK/kg body weight) in order to determine if ozone promotes the carcinogenic process or acts as a cocarcinogen.
T60 6868-6995 Sentence denotes Groups of 48 male F344/N rats were exposed to 0 or 0.5 ppm ozone by inhalation, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 105 weeks.
T61 6996-7156 Sentence denotes During the first 20 weeks of the study, these rats were subcutaneously injected with 0, 0.1, or 1.0 mg NNK per kg body weight in trioctanoin three times weekly.
T62 7157-7183 Sentence denotes Survival and Body Weights:
T63 7184-7248 Sentence denotes Two-year survival rates of male rats were similar in all groups.
T64 7249-7444 Sentence denotes Final mean body weights of all males exposed to NNK alone or NNK and ozone were similar to that of the controls, with the exception of rats exposed to 1.0 mg NNK/kg body weight and 0.5 ppm ozone.
T65 7445-7580 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in males exposed to NNK and ozone, in those exposed to NNK without ozone, and in those exposed to ozone only.
T66 7581-7600 Sentence denotes Pathology Findings:
T67 7601-7773 Sentence denotes Alveolar epithelial metaplasia and interstitial fibrosis occurred in all groups of rats exposed to ozone or to NNK and ozone, but not in those exposed to NNK without ozone.
T68 7774-7872 Sentence denotes Increased incidences of hyperplasia occurred in groups of rats exposed to NNK or to ozone and NNK.
T69 7873-7953 Sentence denotes Incidences of hyperplasia were similar among groups of rats exposed to NNK only.
T70 7954-8100 Sentence denotes An increased incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) occurred in rats administered 1.0 mg/kg NNK, with or without ozone.
T71 8101-8232 Sentence denotes The administration of ozone did not affect the occurrence of pulmonary neoplasms or nonneoplastic lesions in rats administered NNK.
T72 8233-8260 Sentence denotes 2-YEAR OZONE STUDY IN MICE:
T73 8261-8466 Sentence denotes The 2-year study was designed to include the present USEPA standard (0.12 ppm), the maximum concentration believed compatible with long-term survival (1.0 ppm), and an intermediate concentration (0.5 ppm).
T74 8467-8624 Sentence denotes Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 105 weeks.
T75 8625-8671 Sentence denotes Survival, Body Weights, and Clinical Findings:
T76 8672-8834 Sentence denotes Survival rates of exposed mice were generally similar to those of the controls; the 2-year survival rate of 1.0 ppm females was greater than that of the controls.
T77 8835-9087 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 0.12 and 0.5 ppm males were similar to that of the controls throughout the study; the mean body weights of 1.0 ppm males and of all exposed groups of females were generally lower than those of the controls throughout the study.
T78 9088-9155 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in male and female mice exposed to ozone.
T79 9156-9175 Sentence denotes Pathology Findings:
T80 9176-9281 Sentence denotes Increased incidences of metaplasia occurred in the nose and lung of mice exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 ppm ozone.
T81 9282-9429 Sentence denotes The metaplasia in the nose consisted of increased thickening and extension of the squamous epithelium in the anterior portion of the nasal passage.
T82 9430-9552 Sentence denotes The metaplasia in the lung consisted of extension of the bronchial epithelium into the alveoli of the centriacinar region.
T83 9553-9685 Sentence denotes There were increased incidences of hyperplasia in the nose characterized by thickening of the noncuboidal (transitional) epithelium.
T84 9686-9856 Sentence denotes There were increased incidences of hyperplasia in the epiglottis of female mice, a change that was characterized by a minimal increase in the thickness of the epithelium.
T85 9857-10103 Sentence denotes Incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were marginally increased in 0.5 and 1.0 ppm males (0 ppm, 14/50; 0.12 ppm, 13/50; 0.5 ppm, 18/50; 1.0 ppm, 19/50) and were increased in 1.0 ppm females (6/50, 7/50, 9/49, 16/50).
T86 10104-10133 Sentence denotes LIFETIME OZONE STUDY IN MICE:
T87 10134-10274 Sentence denotes For this study, mice were exposed to 0.5 and 1.0 ppm ozone for 30 months to determine the effect of extended exposure on neoplasm incidence.
T88 10275-10426 Sentence denotes Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 130 weeks.
T89 10427-10453 Sentence denotes Survival and Body Weights:
T90 10454-10523 Sentence denotes Survival rates of exposed mice were similar to those of the controls.
T91 10524-10634 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 0.5 ppm males and females were similar to those of the controls throughout the study.
T92 10635-10755 Sentence denotes The mean body weights of 1.0 ppm males and females were generally lower than those of the controls throughout the study.
T93 10756-10823 Sentence denotes Hypoactivity was observed in male and female mice exposed to ozone.
T94 10824-10843 Sentence denotes Pathology Findings:
T95 10844-11049 Sentence denotes The incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma and carcinoma (combined) were marginally increased in exposed males (0 ppm, 16/49; 0.5 ppm, 22/49; 1.0 ppm, 21/50) and in exposed females (6/50, 8/49, 12/50).
T96 11050-11252 Sentence denotes Increased incidences of metaplasia occurred in the nose, larynx, and lung of exposed groups of males and females, and the incidences of hyperplasia were increased in the larynx and nose of exposed mice.
T97 11253-11328 Sentence denotes The morphology of the lesions was similar to that seen in the 2-year study.
T98 11329-11402 Sentence denotes There were no ozone-related increases in alveolar epithelial hyperplasia.
T99 11403-11422 Sentence denotes GENETIC TOXICOLOGY:
T100 11423-11524 Sentence denotes Ozone was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA102, with and without S9 metabolic activation.
T101 11525-11537 Sentence denotes CONCLUSIONS:
T102 11538-11727 Sentence denotes Under the conditions of these 2-year and lifetime inhalation studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of ozone in male or female F344/N rats exposed to 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm.
T103 11728-11886 Sentence denotes There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of ozone in male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma.
T104 11887-12042 Sentence denotes There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of ozone in female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma.
T105 12043-12167 Sentence denotes There was no evidence that exposure to 0.5 ppm ozone enhanced the incidence of NNK-induced pulmonary neoplasms in male rats.
T106 12168-12477 Sentence denotes Exposure of male and female rats to ozone for 2 years or 125 weeks was associated with goblet cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia in the nose, squamous metaplasia in the larynx, and metaplasia (extension of bronchial epithelium into the centriacinar alveolar ducts) and interstitial fibrosis in the lung.
T107 12478-12757 Sentence denotes Exposure of male and female mice to ozone for 2 years or 130 weeks was associated with hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia in the nose and inflammation (histiocytic infiltration) and metaplasia (extension of bronchial epithelium into the centriacinar alveolar ducts) of the lung.