| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| TextSentencer_T1 |
0-71 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in obstructed human ureter. |
| TextSentencer_T2 |
72-80 |
Sentence |
denotes |
PURPOSE: |
| TextSentencer_T3 |
81-194 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Prostanoids produce significant effects on ureteral function and are synthesized by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. |
| TextSentencer_T4 |
195-284 |
Sentence |
denotes |
COX is found in the 2 isoforms COX-1 (a constitutive form) and COX-2 (an inducible form). |
| TextSentencer_T5 |
285-396 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Due to the side effects associated with COX-1 inhibition there is great interest in selective COX-2 inhibition. |
| TextSentencer_T6 |
397-502 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We determined if COX-2 messenger (m)RNA and protein expression are regulated during ureteral obstruction. |
| TextSentencer_T7 |
503-755 |
Sentence |
denotes |
MATERIALS AND METHODS: mRNA analysis was performed using excess ureteral segments from 6 patients undergoing reconstructive procedures for chronic ureteral obstruction and 8 (normal ureter) undergoing donor nephrectomy after providing informed consent. |
| TextSentencer_T8 |
756-833 |
Sentence |
denotes |
All ureteral segments were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70C. |
| TextSentencer_T9 |
834-1041 |
Sentence |
denotes |
RNA was isolated from the segments using phenol extraction and complementary DNA was synthesized by reverse transcription with murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (Promega Corp., Madison, Wisconsin). |
| TextSentencer_T10 |
1042-1215 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed using specific COX-2 gene primers with ribosomal S26 primers serving as the housekeeping gene. |
| TextSentencer_T11 |
1216-1320 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The polymerase chain reaction product was quantified by agarose gel electrophoresis and phospho-imaging. |
| TextSentencer_T12 |
1321-1365 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The ratio of COX-2-to-S26 mRNA was compared. |
| TextSentencer_T13 |
1366-1552 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Additional segments were homogenized and total protein was extracted, separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. |
| TextSentencer_T14 |
1553-1715 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These membranes were Western blotted for COX-2 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (housekeeping protein) with specific primary and secondary antibodies. |
| TextSentencer_T15 |
1716-1724 |
Sentence |
denotes |
RESULTS: |
| TextSentencer_T16 |
1725-1967 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The mean ratio of COX-2-to-S26 mRNA plus or minus standard error at 20, 22 and 24 cycles of amplification was 0.22 +/- 0.04 in the 8 normal ureters compared with 1.01 +/- 0.21 in the 6 obstructed ureters (unpaired Student's t test p = 0.004). |
| TextSentencer_T17 |
1968-2182 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similarly the mean ratio of COX-2-to-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein on immunoblotting was 0.15 +/- 0.02 in the 8 normal ureters compared with 0.59 +/- 0.10 in the 6 obstructed ureters (p = 0.003). |
| TextSentencer_T18 |
2183-2195 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CONCLUSIONS: |
| TextSentencer_T19 |
2196-2308 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These data indicate that COX-2 mRNA and protein levels are up-regulated in chronically obstructed human ureters. |
| TextSentencer_T20 |
2309-2433 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Using selective COX-2 inhibitors may be useful for treating prostanoid induced effects associated with ureteral obstruction. |
| T1 |
0-71 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in obstructed human ureter. |
| T2 |
72-80 |
Sentence |
denotes |
PURPOSE: |
| T3 |
81-194 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Prostanoids produce significant effects on ureteral function and are synthesized by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. |
| T4 |
195-284 |
Sentence |
denotes |
COX is found in the 2 isoforms COX-1 (a constitutive form) and COX-2 (an inducible form). |
| T5 |
285-396 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Due to the side effects associated with COX-1 inhibition there is great interest in selective COX-2 inhibition. |
| T6 |
397-502 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We determined if COX-2 messenger (m)RNA and protein expression are regulated during ureteral obstruction. |
| T7 |
503-755 |
Sentence |
denotes |
MATERIALS AND METHODS: mRNA analysis was performed using excess ureteral segments from 6 patients undergoing reconstructive procedures for chronic ureteral obstruction and 8 (normal ureter) undergoing donor nephrectomy after providing informed consent. |
| T8 |
756-833 |
Sentence |
denotes |
All ureteral segments were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70C. |
| T9 |
834-1041 |
Sentence |
denotes |
RNA was isolated from the segments using phenol extraction and complementary DNA was synthesized by reverse transcription with murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (Promega Corp., Madison, Wisconsin). |
| T10 |
1042-1215 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed using specific COX-2 gene primers with ribosomal S26 primers serving as the housekeeping gene. |
| T11 |
1216-1320 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The polymerase chain reaction product was quantified by agarose gel electrophoresis and phospho-imaging. |
| T12 |
1321-1365 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The ratio of COX-2-to-S26 mRNA was compared. |
| T13 |
1366-1552 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Additional segments were homogenized and total protein was extracted, separated via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. |
| T14 |
1553-1715 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These membranes were Western blotted for COX-2 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (housekeeping protein) with specific primary and secondary antibodies. |
| T15 |
1716-1724 |
Sentence |
denotes |
RESULTS: |
| T16 |
1725-1967 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The mean ratio of COX-2-to-S26 mRNA plus or minus standard error at 20, 22 and 24 cycles of amplification was 0.22 +/- 0.04 in the 8 normal ureters compared with 1.01 +/- 0.21 in the 6 obstructed ureters (unpaired Student's t test p = 0.004). |
| T17 |
1968-2182 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similarly the mean ratio of COX-2-to-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein on immunoblotting was 0.15 +/- 0.02 in the 8 normal ureters compared with 0.59 +/- 0.10 in the 6 obstructed ureters (p = 0.003). |
| T18 |
2183-2195 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CONCLUSIONS: |
| T19 |
2196-2308 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These data indicate that COX-2 mRNA and protein levels are up-regulated in chronically obstructed human ureters. |
| T20 |
2309-2433 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Using selective COX-2 inhibitors may be useful for treating prostanoid induced effects associated with ureteral obstruction. |