PubMed:10722703
Annnotations
GlyCosmos15-Species
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | db_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 37-42 | Species | denotes | human | 9606 |
| 52 | 227-233 | Species | denotes | Humans | 9606 |
| 54 | 431-437 | Species | denotes | humans | 9606 |
| 56 | 535-540 | Species | denotes | Human | 9606 |
| 61 | 608-614 | Species | denotes | humans | 9606 |
| 64 | 707-713 | Species | denotes | humans | 9606 |
| 65 | 773-784 | Species | denotes | chimpanzees | 9598 |
| 67 | 949-954 | Species | denotes | human | 9606 |
| 68 | 1041-1046 | Species | denotes | mouse | 10090 |
| 71 | 1092-1097 | Species | denotes | human | 9606 |
| 73 | 1199-1204 | Species | denotes | human | 9606 |
| 76 | 1431-1437 | Species | denotes | humans | 9606 |
| 77 | 1439-1444 | Species | denotes | Human | 9606 |
| 85 | 1691-1696 | Species | denotes | human | 9606 |
GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Image
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 71-82 | Glycan_Motif | denotes | sialic acid | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G81533KY |
| T2 | 118-130 | Glycan_Motif | denotes | sialic acids | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G81533KY |
| T3 | 154-177 | Glycan_Motif | denotes | N-acetylneuraminic acid | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G81533KY|https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G50850NI |
| T5 | 179-185 | Glycan_Motif | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G81533KY |
| T6 | 281-292 | Glycan_Motif | denotes | sialic acid | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G81533KY |
| T7 | 421-427 | Glycan_Motif | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G81533KY |
| T8 | 521-533 | Glycan_Motif | denotes | sialic acids | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G81533KY |
| T9 | 582-588 | Glycan_Motif | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G81533KY |
| T10 | 1120-1126 | Glycan_Motif | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G81533KY |
| T11 | 1522-1528 | Glycan_Motif | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G81533KY |
| T12 | 1661-1667 | Glycan_Motif | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G81533KY |
sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 0-53 | Sentence | denotes | Loss of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in human evolution. |
| T2 | 54-106 | Sentence | denotes | Implications for sialic acid recognition by siglecs. |
| T3 | 107-226 | Sentence | denotes | The common sialic acids of mammalian cells are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). |
| T4 | 227-363 | Sentence | denotes | Humans are an exception, because of a mutation in CMP-sialic acid hydroxylase, which occurred after our common ancestor with great apes. |
| T5 | 364-534 | Sentence | denotes | We asked if the resulting loss of Neu5Gc and increase in Neu5Ac in humans alters the biology of the siglecs, which are Ig superfamily members that recognize sialic acids. |
| T6 | 535-601 | Sentence | denotes | Human siglec-1 (sialoadhesin) strongly prefers Neu5Ac over Neu5Gc. |
| T7 | 602-673 | Sentence | denotes | Thus, humans have a higher density of siglec-1 ligands than great apes. |
| T8 | 674-876 | Sentence | denotes | Siglec-1-positive macrophages in humans are found primarily in the perifollicular zone, whereas in chimpanzees they also occur in the marginal zone and surrounding the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths. |
| T9 | 877-980 | Sentence | denotes | Although only a subset of chimpanzee macrophages express siglec-1, most human macrophages are positive. |
| T10 | 981-1140 | Sentence | denotes | A known evolutionary difference is the strong preference of mouse siglec-2 (CD22) for Neu5Gc, contrasting with human siglec-2, which binds Neu5Ac equally well. |
| T11 | 1141-1331 | Sentence | denotes | To ask when the preference for Neu5Gc was adjusted in the human lineage, we cloned the first three extracellular domains of siglec-2 from all of the great apes and examined their preference. |
| T12 | 1332-1438 | Sentence | denotes | In fact, siglec-2 had evolved a higher degree of recognition flexibility before Neu5Gc was lost in humans. |
| T13 | 1439-1590 | Sentence | denotes | Human siglec-3 (CD33) and siglec-6 (obesity-binding protein 1) also recognize both Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, and siglec-5 may have some preference for Neu5Gc. |
| T14 | 1591-1680 | Sentence | denotes | Others showed that siglec-4a (myelin-associated glycoprotein) prefers Neu5Ac over Neu5Gc. |
| T15 | 1681-1793 | Sentence | denotes | Thus, the human loss of Neu5Gc may alter biological processes involving siglec-1, and possibly, siglec-4a or -5. |
GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Structure
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 71-82 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | sialic acid |
| T2 | 118-130 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | sialic acids |
| T3 | 154-177 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G50850NI | denotes | N-acetylneuraminic acid |
| T4 | 154-177 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | N-acetylneuraminic acid |
| T5 | 179-185 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | Neu5Ac |
| T6 | 281-292 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | sialic acid |
| T7 | 421-427 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | Neu5Ac |
| T8 | 521-533 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | sialic acids |
| T9 | 582-588 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | Neu5Ac |
| T10 | 1120-1126 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | Neu5Ac |
| T11 | 1522-1528 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | Neu5Ac |
| T12 | 1661-1667 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | Neu5Ac |
PubmedHPO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 1475-1482 | HP_0001513 | denotes | obesity |
GlyCosmos15-Glycan
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 179-185 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
| T2 | 421-427 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
| T3 | 582-588 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
| T4 | 1120-1126 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
| T5 | 1522-1528 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
| T6 | 1661-1667 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
mondo_disease
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 1475-1482 | Disease | denotes | obesity | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011122 |
HP-phenotype
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 1475-1482 | Phenotype | denotes | obesity | HP:0001513 |
Glycan-GlyCosmos
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 179-185 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
| T2 | 421-427 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
| T3 | 582-588 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
| T4 | 1120-1126 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
| T5 | 1522-1528 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
| T6 | 1661-1667 | Glycan | denotes | Neu5Ac | https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/latest/png/binary/G76685HR |
GlyCosmos15-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 1475-1482 | Phenotype | denotes | obesity | HP:0001513 |
GlyCosmos15-CL
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | cl_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 692-703 | Cell | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000235|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000394 |
| T3 | 857-867 | Cell | denotes | lymphocyte | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000542 |
| T4 | 914-925 | Cell | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000235|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000394 |
| T6 | 955-966 | Cell | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000235|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000394 |
GlyCosmos15-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 692-703 | Body_part | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000235 |
| T2 | 808-821 | Body_part | denotes | marginal zone | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001251|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004879|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014935 |
| T5 | 857-867 | Body_part | denotes | lymphocyte | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000542 |
| T6 | 914-925 | Body_part | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000235 |
| T7 | 955-966 | Body_part | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000235 |
| T8 | 1240-1253 | Body_part | denotes | extracellular | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005576 |
| T9 | 1621-1627 | Body_part | denotes | myelin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000345 |
GlyCosmos15-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 1475-1482 | Disease | denotes | obesity | MONDO:0011122 |
GlyCosmos15-Sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 0-53 | Sentence | denotes | Loss of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in human evolution. |
| T2 | 54-106 | Sentence | denotes | Implications for sialic acid recognition by siglecs. |
| T3 | 107-226 | Sentence | denotes | The common sialic acids of mammalian cells are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). |
| T4 | 227-363 | Sentence | denotes | Humans are an exception, because of a mutation in CMP-sialic acid hydroxylase, which occurred after our common ancestor with great apes. |
| T5 | 364-534 | Sentence | denotes | We asked if the resulting loss of Neu5Gc and increase in Neu5Ac in humans alters the biology of the siglecs, which are Ig superfamily members that recognize sialic acids. |
| T6 | 535-601 | Sentence | denotes | Human siglec-1 (sialoadhesin) strongly prefers Neu5Ac over Neu5Gc. |
| T7 | 602-673 | Sentence | denotes | Thus, humans have a higher density of siglec-1 ligands than great apes. |
| T8 | 674-876 | Sentence | denotes | Siglec-1-positive macrophages in humans are found primarily in the perifollicular zone, whereas in chimpanzees they also occur in the marginal zone and surrounding the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths. |
| T9 | 877-980 | Sentence | denotes | Although only a subset of chimpanzee macrophages express siglec-1, most human macrophages are positive. |
| T10 | 981-1140 | Sentence | denotes | A known evolutionary difference is the strong preference of mouse siglec-2 (CD22) for Neu5Gc, contrasting with human siglec-2, which binds Neu5Ac equally well. |
| T11 | 1141-1331 | Sentence | denotes | To ask when the preference for Neu5Gc was adjusted in the human lineage, we cloned the first three extracellular domains of siglec-2 from all of the great apes and examined their preference. |
| T12 | 1332-1438 | Sentence | denotes | In fact, siglec-2 had evolved a higher degree of recognition flexibility before Neu5Gc was lost in humans. |
| T13 | 1439-1590 | Sentence | denotes | Human siglec-3 (CD33) and siglec-6 (obesity-binding protein 1) also recognize both Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, and siglec-5 may have some preference for Neu5Gc. |
| T14 | 1591-1680 | Sentence | denotes | Others showed that siglec-4a (myelin-associated glycoprotein) prefers Neu5Ac over Neu5Gc. |
| T15 | 1681-1793 | Sentence | denotes | Thus, the human loss of Neu5Gc may alter biological processes involving siglec-1, and possibly, siglec-4a or -5. |
Lectin-Jamboree-Sentence
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 0-53 | Sentence | denotes | Loss of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in human evolution. |
| T2 | 54-106 | Sentence | denotes | Implications for sialic acid recognition by siglecs. |
| T3 | 107-226 | Sentence | denotes | The common sialic acids of mammalian cells are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). |
| T4 | 227-363 | Sentence | denotes | Humans are an exception, because of a mutation in CMP-sialic acid hydroxylase, which occurred after our common ancestor with great apes. |
| T5 | 364-534 | Sentence | denotes | We asked if the resulting loss of Neu5Gc and increase in Neu5Ac in humans alters the biology of the siglecs, which are Ig superfamily members that recognize sialic acids. |
| T6 | 535-601 | Sentence | denotes | Human siglec-1 (sialoadhesin) strongly prefers Neu5Ac over Neu5Gc. |
| T7 | 602-673 | Sentence | denotes | Thus, humans have a higher density of siglec-1 ligands than great apes. |
| T8 | 674-876 | Sentence | denotes | Siglec-1-positive macrophages in humans are found primarily in the perifollicular zone, whereas in chimpanzees they also occur in the marginal zone and surrounding the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths. |
| T9 | 877-980 | Sentence | denotes | Although only a subset of chimpanzee macrophages express siglec-1, most human macrophages are positive. |
| T10 | 981-1140 | Sentence | denotes | A known evolutionary difference is the strong preference of mouse siglec-2 (CD22) for Neu5Gc, contrasting with human siglec-2, which binds Neu5Ac equally well. |
| T11 | 1141-1331 | Sentence | denotes | To ask when the preference for Neu5Gc was adjusted in the human lineage, we cloned the first three extracellular domains of siglec-2 from all of the great apes and examined their preference. |
| T12 | 1332-1438 | Sentence | denotes | In fact, siglec-2 had evolved a higher degree of recognition flexibility before Neu5Gc was lost in humans. |
| T13 | 1439-1590 | Sentence | denotes | Human siglec-3 (CD33) and siglec-6 (obesity-binding protein 1) also recognize both Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, and siglec-5 may have some preference for Neu5Gc. |
| T14 | 1591-1680 | Sentence | denotes | Others showed that siglec-4a (myelin-associated glycoprotein) prefers Neu5Ac over Neu5Gc. |
| T15 | 1681-1793 | Sentence | denotes | Thus, the human loss of Neu5Gc may alter biological processes involving siglec-1, and possibly, siglec-4a or -5. |
Lectin_function
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 541-549 | GL_001125 | denotes | siglec-1 |
| T2 | 551-563 | GL_001125 | denotes | sialoadhesin |
| T3 | 551-563 | GL_001126 | denotes | sialoadhesin |
| T4 | 551-563 | GL_001127 | denotes | sialoadhesin |
| T5 | 640-648 | GL_001125 | denotes | siglec-1 |
| T6 | 674-682 | GL_001125 | denotes | Siglec-1 |
| T7 | 934-942 | GL_001125 | denotes | siglec-1 |
| T8 | 1057-1061 | GL_000078 | denotes | CD22 |
| T9 | 1455-1459 | GL_000781 | denotes | CD33 |
| T10 | 1545-1553 | GL_002074 | denotes | siglec-5 |
| T11 | 1621-1651 | GL_000778 | denotes | myelin-associated glycoprotein |
| T12 | 1621-1651 | GL_000779 | denotes | myelin-associated glycoprotein |
| T13 | 1621-1651 | GL_000780 | denotes | myelin-associated glycoprotein |
| T14 | 1753-1761 | GL_001125 | denotes | siglec-1 |
GlyCosmos15-NCBITAXON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | db_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 37-42 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | human | 9606 |
| T2 | 134-143 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | mammalian | 40674 |
| T3 | 535-540 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | Human | 9606 |
| T4 | 949-954 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | human | 9606 |
| T5 | 1041-1046 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | mouse | 10088|10090 |
| T7 | 1092-1097 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | human | 9606 |
| T8 | 1199-1204 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | human | 9606 |
| T9 | 1439-1444 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | Human | 9606 |
| T10 | 1691-1696 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | human | 9606 |
GlyCosmos15-FMA
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | db_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 692-703 | Body_part | denotes | macrophages | FMA:63261 |
| T2 | 857-867 | Body_part | denotes | lymphocyte | FMA:62863 |
| T3 | 914-925 | Body_part | denotes | macrophages | FMA:63261 |
| T4 | 955-966 | Body_part | denotes | macrophages | FMA:63261 |
NCBITAXON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | db_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 37-42 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | human | 9606 |
| T2 | 535-540 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | Human | 9606 |
| T3 | 949-954 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | human | 9606 |
| T4 | 1041-1046 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | mouse | 10088|10090 |
| T6 | 1092-1097 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | human | 9606 |
| T7 | 1199-1204 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | human | 9606 |
| T8 | 1439-1444 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | Human | 9606 |
| T9 | 1691-1696 | OrganismTaxon | denotes | human | 9606 |
Anatomy-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 692-703 | Body_part | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000235 |
| T2 | 808-821 | Body_part | denotes | marginal zone | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001251|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004879|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014935 |
| T5 | 857-867 | Body_part | denotes | lymphocyte | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000542 |
| T6 | 914-925 | Body_part | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000235 |
| T7 | 955-966 | Body_part | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000235 |
| T8 | 1240-1253 | Body_part | denotes | extracellular | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005576 |
| T9 | 1621-1627 | Body_part | denotes | myelin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000345 |
GlyCosmos15-Lectin
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 541-549 | GL_001127 | denotes | siglec-1 |
| T2 | 640-648 | GL_001127 | denotes | siglec-1 |
| T3 | 674-682 | GL_001127 | denotes | Siglec-1 |
| T4 | 934-942 | GL_001127 | denotes | siglec-1 |
| T5 | 1445-1453 | GL_000782 | denotes | siglec-3 |
| T6 | 1753-1761 | GL_001127 | denotes | siglec-1 |
Lectin_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 541-549 | GL_001127 | denotes | siglec-1 |
| T2 | 640-648 | GL_001127 | denotes | siglec-1 |
| T3 | 674-682 | GL_001127 | denotes | Siglec-1 |
| T4 | 934-942 | GL_001127 | denotes | siglec-1 |
| T5 | 1445-1453 | GL_000782 | denotes | siglec-3 |
| T6 | 1753-1761 | GL_001127 | denotes | siglec-1 |
CL-cell
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | cl_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 692-703 | Cell | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000235|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000394 |
| T3 | 857-867 | Cell | denotes | lymphocyte | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000542 |
| T4 | 914-925 | Cell | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000235|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000394 |
| T6 | 955-966 | Cell | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000235|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000394 |