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c_corpus

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-10 SO:0000781 denotes Transgenic
T2 0-15 10090 denotes Transgenic mice
T3 0-15 D008822 denotes Transgenic mice
T4 11-15 PR:000005054 denotes mice
T6 11-15 O89094 denotes mice
T8 50-54 SO:0000756 denotes cDNA
T9 50-54 D018076 denotes cDNA
T14 120-140 D006816 denotes Huntington's disease
T15 120-140 D006816 denotes Huntington's disease
T18 155-162 D004194 denotes disease
T19 155-162 D004194 denotes disease
T22 185-211 D019636 denotes neurodegenerative disorder
T23 185-211 D019636 denotes neurodegenerative disorder
T24 315-322 GO:0150103 denotes gliosis
T25 315-322 D005911 denotes gliosis
T26 315-322 D005911 denotes gliosis
T27 333-345 D005911 denotes astrocytosis
T28 333-345 D005911 denotes astrocytosis
T29 367-375 UBERON:0002435 denotes striatum
T30 367-375 UBERON:0005383 denotes striatum
T31 380-395 UBERON:0000956 denotes cerebral cortex
T34 437-441 D018076 denotes cDNA
T33 437-441 SO:0000756 denotes cDNA
T35 442-452 SO:0000781 denotes transgenic
T36 442-458 D008822 denotes transgenic mouse
T39 575-584 SO:0000902 denotes transgene
T40 601-611 P42858 denotes huntingtin
T41 601-611 P42859 denotes huntingtin
T42 601-611 P51111 denotes huntingtin
T43 601-611 PR:000008840 denotes huntingtin
T44 601-611 P51112 denotes huntingtin
T45 639-649 P42858 denotes huntingtin
T46 639-649 P42859 denotes huntingtin
T47 639-649 P51111 denotes huntingtin
T48 639-649 PR:000008840 denotes huntingtin
T49 639-649 P51112 denotes huntingtin
T50 680-686 37565 denotes tandem
T51 680-686 SO:0001513 denotes tandem
T52 729-733 PR:P33696 denotes exon
T53 729-733 SO:0000147 denotes exon
T54 741-750 SO:0000902 denotes transgene
T55 779-794 D003587 denotes cytomegalovirus
T56 795-803 SO:0000167 denotes promoter
T57 822-832 SO:0000781 denotes transgenic
T58 822-838 D008822 denotes transgenic mouse
T61 870-879 SO:0000804 denotes construct
T62 899-909 SO:0000781 denotes transgenic
T63 1013-1016 CVCL_D569 denotes CAG
T64 1017-1023 SO:0001068 denotes repeat
T65 1120-1129 SO:0000902 denotes transgene
T66 1230-1239 SO:0000902 denotes transgene
T67 1243-1248 UBERON:6110636 denotes brain
T68 1243-1248 UBERON:0000955 denotes brain
T69 1257-1263 UBERON:0002106 denotes spleen
T70 1265-1271 UBERON:0002113 denotes kidney
T71 1273-1277 UBERON:0002048 denotes lung
T72 1279-1284 UBERON:0002107 denotes liver
T73 1289-1295 UBERON:0000991 denotes gonads
T74 1355-1364 UBERON:0000955 denotes the brain
T77 1366-1375 SO:0000902 denotes transgene
T78 1400-1415 UBERON:0000956 denotes cerebral cortex
T80 1417-1425 UBERON:0002435 denotes striatum
T81 1417-1425 UBERON:0005383 denotes striatum
T82 1427-1438 UBERON:0002421 denotes hippocampus
T83 1427-1438 UBERON:0001954 denotes hippocampus
T84 1427-1438 UBERON:0002961 denotes hippocampus
T85 1443-1453 UBERON:0002037 denotes cerebellum
T86 1473-1482 SO:0000902 denotes transgene
T87 1524-1529 10090 denotes mouse
T88 1524-1529 D051379 denotes mouse
T89 1530-1540 P42858 denotes huntingtin
T90 1530-1540 P42859 denotes huntingtin
T91 1530-1540 P51111 denotes huntingtin
T92 1530-1540 PR:000008840 denotes huntingtin
T93 1530-1540 P51112 denotes huntingtin
T94 1569-1573 PR:000005054 denotes mice
T96 1569-1573 O89094 denotes mice
T95 1569-1573 D051379 denotes mice
T97 1569-1573 10095 denotes mice
T98 1594-1597 CVCL_D569 denotes CAG
T100 1718-1723 UBERON:0002100 denotes trunk
T101 1718-1723 UBERON:0014479 denotes trunk
T99 1718-1723 GO:0043198 denotes trunk
T103 1753-1757 PR:Q5TJ57 denotes fore
T102 1753-1757 CVCL_E667 denotes fore
T104 1841-1845 PR:000005054 denotes mice
T106 1841-1845 O89094 denotes mice
T105 1841-1845 D051379 denotes mice
T107 1841-1845 10095 denotes mice
T108 1856-1878 D006948 denotes hyperkinetic movements
T109 1856-1878 D006948 denotes hyperkinetic movements
T110 1951-1960 GO:0007610 denotes behaviour
T112 2122-2126 PR:Q9V853 denotes lack
T113 2165-2174 GO:0051235 denotes retention
T114 2270-2277 D004194 denotes disease
T115 2270-2277 D004194 denotes disease
T116 2311-2315 PR:000005054 denotes mice
T118 2311-2315 O89094 denotes mice
T117 2311-2315 D051379 denotes mice
T119 2311-2315 10095 denotes mice
T120 2386-2390 PR:000005054 denotes mice
T122 2386-2390 O89094 denotes mice
T121 2386-2390 D051379 denotes mice
T123 2386-2390 10095 denotes mice
T124 2579-2587 UBERON:0002435 denotes striatum
T125 2579-2587 UBERON:0005383 denotes striatum
T126 2589-2604 UBERON:0000956 denotes cerebral cortex
T128 2606-2614 UBERON:0001897 denotes thalamus
T129 2619-2630 UBERON:0002421 denotes hippocampus
T130 2619-2630 UBERON:0001954 denotes hippocampus
T131 2619-2630 UBERON:0002961 denotes hippocampus
T132 2678-2688 GO:0008219 denotes cell death
T133 2698-2703 UBERON:6110636 denotes brain
T134 2698-2703 UBERON:0000955 denotes brain
T135 2824-2832 UBERON:0002435 denotes striatum
T136 2824-2832 UBERON:0005383 denotes striatum
T137 2836-2840 PR:000005054 denotes mice
T139 2836-2840 O89094 denotes mice
T138 2836-2840 D051379 denotes mice
T140 2836-2840 10095 denotes mice
T141 2890-2902 D005911 denotes astrocytosis
T142 2890-2902 D005911 denotes astrocytosis
T143 2956-2969 C097188 denotes Polyglutamine
T144 2956-2969 C097188 denotes Polyglutamine
T145 3142-3147 UBERON:6110636 denotes brain
T146 3142-3147 UBERON:0000955 denotes brain
T147 3220-3233 C097188 denotes polyglutamine
T148 3220-3233 C097188 denotes polyglutamine
T149 3349-3358 SO:0000817 denotes wild-type
T150 3363-3373 SO:0000781 denotes transgenic
T151 3363-3381 D030801 denotes transgenic animals
T152 3390-3393 CVCL_D569 denotes CAG
T153 3485-3489 PR:000005054 denotes mice
T155 3485-3489 O89094 denotes mice
T154 3485-3489 D051379 denotes mice
T156 3485-3489 10095 denotes mice
T157 3513-3516 CVCL_D569 denotes CAG
T158 3517-3523 SO:0001068 denotes repeat
T159 3564-3567 CVCL_D569 denotes CAG
T160 3568-3574 SO:0001068 denotes repeat
T161 3641-3653 GO:0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T162 3752-3758 SO:0001068 denotes repeat

PMID_GLOBAL

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 47-49 DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature denotes HD 0007739
T2 120-140 DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature denotes Huntington's disease 0007739
T3 142-162 DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature denotes Huntington's disease 0007739
T4 164-166 DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature denotes HD 0007739
T5 422-424 DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature denotes HD 0007739
T6 499-501 DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature denotes HD 0007739
T7 948-950 DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature denotes HD 0007739
T8 1273-1277 DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature denotes lung 0021117
T9 3185-3187 DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature denotes HD 0007739
T10 3293-3295 DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature denotes HD 0007739
T11 3638-3640 DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature denotes HD 0007739

PubmedHPO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 250-274 HP_0000708 denotes psychiatric disturbances
T2 297-310 HP_0002529 denotes neuronal loss
T3 315-322 HP_0002171 denotes gliosis
T4 333-345 HP_0002446 denotes astrocytosis
T5 2495-2508 HP_0002529 denotes neuronal loss
T6 2539-2556 HP_0002180 denotes neurodegeneration
T7 2890-2902 HP_0002446 denotes astrocytosis
T8 2928-2945 HP_0002180 denotes neurodegeneration
T9 3276-3289 HP_0002529 denotes neuronal loss

UseCases_ArguminSci_Discourse

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T8 881-1035 DRI_Approach denotes An additional six transgenic lines were obtained using full-length HD constructs that have been modified to include either 48 or 89 CAG repeat expansions.
T1 0-141 DRI_Challenge denotes Transgenic mice expressing mutated full-length HD cDNA: a paradigm for locomotor changes and selective neuronal loss in Huntington's disease.
T2 142-396 DRI_Challenge denotes Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by motor and psychiatric disturbances and pathologically by neuronal loss and gliosis (reactive astrocytosis) particularly in the striatum and cerebral cortex.
T3 397-502 DRI_Approach denotes We have recently created HD full-length cDNA transgenic mouse models that may serve as a paradigm for HD.
T4 503-570 DRI_Background denotes A more detailed characterization of these models is presented here.
T5 571-736 DRI_Background denotes The transgene encoding normal huntingtin consists of 9417 bp of the huntingtin coding sequences including 16 tandem CAGs coding for polyglutamines as part of exon 1.
T6 737-804 DRI_Approach denotes The transgene is driven by a heterologous cytomegalovirus promoter.
T7 805-880 DRI_Approach denotes Five independent transgenic mouse lines were obtained using this construct.
T9 1036-1200 DRI_Outcome denotes Southern blot and densitometric analyses indicated unique integration sites for the transgene in each of the lines with a copy number ranging from two to 22 copies.
T10 1201-1351 DRI_Background denotes Widespread expression of the transgene in brain, heart, spleen, kidney, lung, liver and gonads from each line was determined by Western blot analyses.
T11 1352-1454 DRI_Background denotes In the brain, transgene expression was found in cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum.
T12 1455-1547 DRI_Outcome denotes Expression of the transgene was as much as five times the endogenous mouse huntingtin level.
T13 1548-1663 DRI_Outcome denotes Phenotypically, only mice expressing 48 or 89 CAG repeats manifested progressive behavioural and motor dysfunction.
T14 1664-1820 DRI_Background denotes Early behavioural abnormalities were characterized by trunk curling and clasping of both fore- and hindlimbs when the animals were suspended by their tails.
T15 1821-2028 DRI_Background denotes Subsequently, these mice exhibited hyperkinetic movements, including heightened exploratory activities, unidirectional rotational behaviour, backflipping and excessive grooming that lasted for several weeks.
T16 2029-2158 DRI_Background denotes Eventually, the animals progressed to a hypokinetic phase consisting of slowed movements and lack of response to sensory stimuli.
T17 2159-2245 DRI_Background denotes Urine retention or incontinence was also a prominent feature of the hypokinetic phase.
T18 2246-2352 DRI_Approach denotes At the end stage of the disease process, HD48(B,D) and HD89(A-C) mice became akinetic just prior to death.
T19 2353-2527 DRI_Background denotes Neuropathological examination of mice at various stages indicated that it was only during the hypokinetic phase and thereafter when selective neuronal loss was most apparent.
T20 2528-2631 DRI_Background denotes Regions of neurodegeneration and loss included the striatum, cerebral cortex, thalamus and hippocampus.
T21 2632-2712 DRI_Background denotes TUNEL staining indicated an apoptotic mode of cell death in these brain regions.
T22 2713-2880 DRI_Outcome denotes Comparative neuronal counts after Nissl staining showed as much as 20% loss of small and medium neurons in the striatum in mice at the hypokinetic and akinetic stages.
T23 2881-2955 DRI_Background denotes Reactive astrocytosis accompanied the areas of neurodegeneration and loss.
T24 2956-3188 DRI_Background denotes Polyglutamine aggregates in the form of neuronal intranuclear inclusions and diffuse nuclear and perinuclear aggregations were found in a small percentage of neurons, including those in brain regions that are typically spared in HD.
T25 3189-3296 DRI_Outcome denotes This observation suggests that polyglutamine aggregates may not be sufficient to cause neuronal loss in HD.
T26 3297-3534 DRI_Outcome denotes In both behavioural and neuropathological analyses, wild-type and transgenic animals with 16 CAG repeats were indistinguishable from each other and do not exhibit the changes observed for mice carrying the 48 and 89 CAG repeat mutations.
T27 3535-3769 DRI_Challenge denotes Thus, animals expressing the CAG repeat expansions appear to represent clinically analogous models for HD pathogenesis, and may also provide insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of other triplet repeat disorders.

PubMed_ArguminSci

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 142-396 DRI_Challenge denotes Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by motor and psychiatric disturbances and pathologically by neuronal loss and gliosis (reactive astrocytosis) particularly in the striatum and cerebral cortex.
T2 397-502 DRI_Approach denotes We have recently created HD full-length cDNA transgenic mouse models that may serve as a paradigm for HD.
T3 503-570 DRI_Background denotes A more detailed characterization of these models is presented here.
T4 571-736 DRI_Background denotes The transgene encoding normal huntingtin consists of 9417 bp of the huntingtin coding sequences including 16 tandem CAGs coding for polyglutamines as part of exon 1.
T5 737-804 DRI_Approach denotes The transgene is driven by a heterologous cytomegalovirus promoter.
T6 805-880 DRI_Approach denotes Five independent transgenic mouse lines were obtained using this construct.
T7 881-1035 DRI_Approach denotes An additional six transgenic lines were obtained using full-length HD constructs that have been modified to include either 48 or 89 CAG repeat expansions.
T8 1036-1200 DRI_Outcome denotes Southern blot and densitometric analyses indicated unique integration sites for the transgene in each of the lines with a copy number ranging from two to 22 copies.
T9 1201-1351 DRI_Background denotes Widespread expression of the transgene in brain, heart, spleen, kidney, lung, liver and gonads from each line was determined by Western blot analyses.
T10 1352-1454 DRI_Background denotes In the brain, transgene expression was found in cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum.
T11 1455-1547 DRI_Outcome denotes Expression of the transgene was as much as five times the endogenous mouse huntingtin level.
T12 1548-1663 DRI_Outcome denotes Phenotypically, only mice expressing 48 or 89 CAG repeats manifested progressive behavioural and motor dysfunction.
T13 1664-1820 DRI_Background denotes Early behavioural abnormalities were characterized by trunk curling and clasping of both fore- and hindlimbs when the animals were suspended by their tails.
T14 1821-2028 DRI_Background denotes Subsequently, these mice exhibited hyperkinetic movements, including heightened exploratory activities, unidirectional rotational behaviour, backflipping and excessive grooming that lasted for several weeks.
T15 2029-2158 DRI_Background denotes Eventually, the animals progressed to a hypokinetic phase consisting of slowed movements and lack of response to sensory stimuli.
T16 2159-2245 DRI_Background denotes Urine retention or incontinence was also a prominent feature of the hypokinetic phase.
T17 2246-2352 DRI_Approach denotes At the end stage of the disease process, HD48(B,D) and HD89(A-C) mice became akinetic just prior to death.
T18 2353-2527 DRI_Background denotes Neuropathological examination of mice at various stages indicated that it was only during the hypokinetic phase and thereafter when selective neuronal loss was most apparent.
T19 2528-2631 DRI_Background denotes Regions of neurodegeneration and loss included the striatum, cerebral cortex, thalamus and hippocampus.
T20 2632-2712 DRI_Background denotes TUNEL staining indicated an apoptotic mode of cell death in these brain regions.
T21 2713-2880 DRI_Outcome denotes Comparative neuronal counts after Nissl staining showed as much as 20% loss of small and medium neurons in the striatum in mice at the hypokinetic and akinetic stages.
T22 2881-2955 DRI_Background denotes Reactive astrocytosis accompanied the areas of neurodegeneration and loss.
T23 2956-3188 DRI_Background denotes Polyglutamine aggregates in the form of neuronal intranuclear inclusions and diffuse nuclear and perinuclear aggregations were found in a small percentage of neurons, including those in brain regions that are typically spared in HD.
T24 3189-3296 DRI_Outcome denotes This observation suggests that polyglutamine aggregates may not be sufficient to cause neuronal loss in HD.
T25 3297-3534 DRI_Outcome denotes In both behavioural and neuropathological analyses, wild-type and transgenic animals with 16 CAG repeats were indistinguishable from each other and do not exhibit the changes observed for mice carrying the 48 and 89 CAG repeat mutations.
T26 3535-3769 DRI_Challenge denotes Thus, animals expressing the CAG repeat expansions appear to represent clinically analogous models for HD pathogenesis, and may also provide insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of other triplet repeat disorders.