PubMed:10347175 JSONTXT

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    sentences

    {"project":"sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":105},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":106,"end":216},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":217,"end":412},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":413,"end":518},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":519,"end":665},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":666,"end":918},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":919,"end":1072},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1073,"end":1194},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1195,"end":1293},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1294,"end":1454},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"SLP-76 and Vav function in separate, but overlapping pathways to augment interleukin-2 promoter activity.\nSLP-76 and Vav, two hematopoietic cell specific molecules, are critical for T cell development and activation. Following T cell antigen receptor stimulation, SLP-76 and Vav both undergo tyrosine phosphorylation and associate with each other via the SH2 domain of Vav and phosphorylated tyrosines of SLP-76. Furthermore, SLP-76 and Vav have a synergistic effect on interleukin (IL)-2 promoter activity in T cells. In this report, we show that two tyrosines, Tyr-113 and Tyr-128, of SLP-76 are required for its binding to Vav, both in vitro and in intact cells. Surprisingly, we find also that the interaction between SLP-76 and Vav is not required for their cooperation in augmenting IL-2 promoter activity, as the two molecules appear to function in different signaling pathways upstream of IL-2 gene expression. Overexpression of SLP-76 in the Jurkat T cell line potentiates the activities of both nuclear factor of activated T cells and AP-1 transcription factors. In contrast, overexpression of Vav leads to enhanced nuclear factor of activated T cells activity without affecting AP-1. Additionally, overexpression of Vav, but not SLP-76, augments CD28-induced IL-2 promoter activity. These findings suggest that the synergy between SLP-76 and Vav in regulating IL-2 gene expression reflects the cooperation between different signaling pathways."}

    jnlpba-st-training

    {"project":"jnlpba-st-training","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":6},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":11,"end":14},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":73,"end":95},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":106,"end":112},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":117,"end":120},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":126,"end":163},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":227,"end":250},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":264,"end":270},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":275,"end":278},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":369,"end":372},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":405,"end":411},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":426,"end":432},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":437,"end":440},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":470,"end":497},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":510,"end":517},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":587,"end":593},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":626,"end":629},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":652,"end":664},"obj":"cell_type"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":722,"end":728},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":733,"end":736},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":789,"end":802},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":897,"end":906},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":937,"end":943},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":951,"end":969},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1005,"end":1040},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1071},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1107},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1126,"end":1161},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1189,"end":1193},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1227,"end":1230},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1240,"end":1246},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1270,"end":1283},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1348},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1353,"end":1356},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1371,"end":1380},"obj":"DNA"}],"text":"SLP-76 and Vav function in separate, but overlapping pathways to augment interleukin-2 promoter activity.\nSLP-76 and Vav, two hematopoietic cell specific molecules, are critical for T cell development and activation. Following T cell antigen receptor stimulation, SLP-76 and Vav both undergo tyrosine phosphorylation and associate with each other via the SH2 domain of Vav and phosphorylated tyrosines of SLP-76. Furthermore, SLP-76 and Vav have a synergistic effect on interleukin (IL)-2 promoter activity in T cells. In this report, we show that two tyrosines, Tyr-113 and Tyr-128, of SLP-76 are required for its binding to Vav, both in vitro and in intact cells. Surprisingly, we find also that the interaction between SLP-76 and Vav is not required for their cooperation in augmenting IL-2 promoter activity, as the two molecules appear to function in different signaling pathways upstream of IL-2 gene expression. Overexpression of SLP-76 in the Jurkat T cell line potentiates the activities of both nuclear factor of activated T cells and AP-1 transcription factors. In contrast, overexpression of Vav leads to enhanced nuclear factor of activated T cells activity without affecting AP-1. Additionally, overexpression of Vav, but not SLP-76, augments CD28-induced IL-2 promoter activity. These findings suggest that the synergy between SLP-76 and Vav in regulating IL-2 gene expression reflects the cooperation between different signaling pathways."}

    pubmed-sentences-benchmark

    {"project":"pubmed-sentences-benchmark","denotations":[{"id":"S1","span":{"begin":0,"end":105},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S2","span":{"begin":106,"end":216},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S3","span":{"begin":217,"end":412},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S4","span":{"begin":413,"end":518},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S5","span":{"begin":519,"end":665},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S6","span":{"begin":666,"end":918},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S7","span":{"begin":919,"end":1072},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S8","span":{"begin":1073,"end":1194},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S9","span":{"begin":1195,"end":1293},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S10","span":{"begin":1294,"end":1454},"obj":"Sentence"}],"text":"SLP-76 and Vav function in separate, but overlapping pathways to augment interleukin-2 promoter activity.\nSLP-76 and Vav, two hematopoietic cell specific molecules, are critical for T cell development and activation. Following T cell antigen receptor stimulation, SLP-76 and Vav both undergo tyrosine phosphorylation and associate with each other via the SH2 domain of Vav and phosphorylated tyrosines of SLP-76. Furthermore, SLP-76 and Vav have a synergistic effect on interleukin (IL)-2 promoter activity in T cells. In this report, we show that two tyrosines, Tyr-113 and Tyr-128, of SLP-76 are required for its binding to Vav, both in vitro and in intact cells. Surprisingly, we find also that the interaction between SLP-76 and Vav is not required for their cooperation in augmenting IL-2 promoter activity, as the two molecules appear to function in different signaling pathways upstream of IL-2 gene expression. Overexpression of SLP-76 in the Jurkat T cell line potentiates the activities of both nuclear factor of activated T cells and AP-1 transcription factors. In contrast, overexpression of Vav leads to enhanced nuclear factor of activated T cells activity without affecting AP-1. Additionally, overexpression of Vav, but not SLP-76, augments CD28-induced IL-2 promoter activity. These findings suggest that the synergy between SLP-76 and Vav in regulating IL-2 gene expression reflects the cooperation between different signaling pathways."}

    genia-medco-coref

    {"project":"genia-medco-coref","denotations":[{"id":"C2","span":{"begin":0,"end":6},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C3","span":{"begin":11,"end":14},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C1","span":{"begin":0,"end":14},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C4","span":{"begin":73,"end":104},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C6","span":{"begin":106,"end":112},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C7","span":{"begin":117,"end":120},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C5","span":{"begin":106,"end":120},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C8","span":{"begin":122,"end":163},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C9","span":{"begin":264,"end":283},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C10","span":{"begin":369,"end":372},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C11","span":{"begin":405,"end":411},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C13","span":{"begin":426,"end":432},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C14","span":{"begin":437,"end":440},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C12","span":{"begin":426,"end":440},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C15","span":{"begin":470,"end":506},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C16","span":{"begin":510,"end":517},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C17","span":{"begin":548,"end":561},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C18","span":{"begin":563,"end":582},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C19","span":{"begin":587,"end":593},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C20","span":{"begin":611,"end":614},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C21","span":{"begin":626,"end":629},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C23","span":{"begin":722,"end":728},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C24","span":{"begin":733,"end":736},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C22","span":{"begin":722,"end":736},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C25","span":{"begin":757,"end":762},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C26","span":{"begin":789,"end":811},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C27","span":{"begin":816,"end":833},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C28","span":{"begin":897,"end":917},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C29","span":{"begin":937,"end":943},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C30","span":{"begin":947,"end":969},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C31","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1107},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C32","span":{"begin":1227,"end":1230},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C34","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1348},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C35","span":{"begin":1353,"end":1356},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C33","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1356},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C36","span":{"begin":1371,"end":1391},"obj":"NP"}],"relations":[{"id":"R1","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C6","obj":"C2"},{"id":"R2","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C7","obj":"C3"},{"id":"R3","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C5","obj":"C1"},{"id":"R4","pred":"coref-appos","subj":"C8","obj":"C5"},{"id":"R5","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C9","obj":"C5"},{"id":"R6","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C10","obj":"C7"},{"id":"R7","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C11","obj":"C6"},{"id":"R8","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C13","obj":"C11"},{"id":"R9","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C14","obj":"C10"},{"id":"R10","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C12","obj":"C9"},{"id":"R11","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C15","obj":"C4"},{"id":"R12","pred":"coref-appos","subj":"C18","obj":"C17"},{"id":"R13","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C19","obj":"C13"},{"id":"R14","pred":"coref-pron","subj":"C20","obj":"C19"},{"id":"R15","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C21","obj":"C14"},{"id":"R16","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C23","obj":"C19"},{"id":"R17","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C24","obj":"C21"},{"id":"R18","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C22","obj":"C12"},{"id":"R19","pred":"coref-pron","subj":"C25","obj":"C22"},{"id":"R20","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C26","obj":"C15"},{"id":"R21","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C27","obj":"C22"},{"id":"R22","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C29","obj":"C23"},{"id":"R23","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C30","obj":"C16"},{"id":"R24","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C31","obj":"C24"},{"id":"R25","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C32","obj":"C31"},{"id":"R26","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C34","obj":"C29"},{"id":"R27","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C35","obj":"C32"},{"id":"R28","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C33","obj":"C27"},{"id":"R29","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C36","obj":"C28"}],"text":"SLP-76 and Vav function in separate, but overlapping pathways to augment interleukin-2 promoter activity.\nSLP-76 and Vav, two hematopoietic cell specific molecules, are critical for T cell development and activation. Following T cell antigen receptor stimulation, SLP-76 and Vav both undergo tyrosine phosphorylation and associate with each other via the SH2 domain of Vav and phosphorylated tyrosines of SLP-76. Furthermore, SLP-76 and Vav have a synergistic effect on interleukin (IL)-2 promoter activity in T cells. In this report, we show that two tyrosines, Tyr-113 and Tyr-128, of SLP-76 are required for its binding to Vav, both in vitro and in intact cells. Surprisingly, we find also that the interaction between SLP-76 and Vav is not required for their cooperation in augmenting IL-2 promoter activity, as the two molecules appear to function in different signaling pathways upstream of IL-2 gene expression. Overexpression of SLP-76 in the Jurkat T cell line potentiates the activities of both nuclear factor of activated T cells and AP-1 transcription factors. In contrast, overexpression of Vav leads to enhanced nuclear factor of activated T cells activity without affecting AP-1. Additionally, overexpression of Vav, but not SLP-76, augments CD28-induced IL-2 promoter activity. These findings suggest that the synergy between SLP-76 and Vav in regulating IL-2 gene expression reflects the cooperation between different signaling pathways."}

    GENIAcorpus

    {"project":"GENIAcorpus","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":6},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":11,"end":14},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":73,"end":86},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":106,"end":112},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":117,"end":120},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":126,"end":163},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":182,"end":200},"obj":"other_name"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":227,"end":250},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":264,"end":270},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":275,"end":278},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":292,"end":300},"obj":"amino_acid_monomer"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":369,"end":372},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":392,"end":401},"obj":"amino_acid_monomer"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":405,"end":411},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":426,"end":432},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":437,"end":440},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":470,"end":497},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":510,"end":517},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":552,"end":561},"obj":"amino_acid_monomer"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":563,"end":570},"obj":"amino_acid_monomer"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":575,"end":582},"obj":"amino_acid_monomer"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":587,"end":593},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":626,"end":629},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":652,"end":664},"obj":"cell_type"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":722,"end":728},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":733,"end":736},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":789,"end":793},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":897,"end":901},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":937,"end":943},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":951,"end":969},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1005,"end":1040},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1071},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1107},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1126,"end":1161},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1189,"end":1193},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1227,"end":1230},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1240,"end":1246},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":1257,"end":1269},"obj":"other_name"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":1270,"end":1274},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1348},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":1353,"end":1356},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":1371,"end":1375},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":1435,"end":1453},"obj":"other_name"}],"text":"SLP-76 and Vav function in separate, but overlapping pathways to augment interleukin-2 promoter activity.\nSLP-76 and Vav, two hematopoietic cell specific molecules, are critical for T cell development and activation. Following T cell antigen receptor stimulation, SLP-76 and Vav both undergo tyrosine phosphorylation and associate with each other via the SH2 domain of Vav and phosphorylated tyrosines of SLP-76. Furthermore, SLP-76 and Vav have a synergistic effect on interleukin (IL)-2 promoter activity in T cells. In this report, we show that two tyrosines, Tyr-113 and Tyr-128, of SLP-76 are required for its binding to Vav, both in vitro and in intact cells. Surprisingly, we find also that the interaction between SLP-76 and Vav is not required for their cooperation in augmenting IL-2 promoter activity, as the two molecules appear to function in different signaling pathways upstream of IL-2 gene expression. Overexpression of SLP-76 in the Jurkat T cell line potentiates the activities of both nuclear factor of activated T cells and AP-1 transcription factors. In contrast, overexpression of Vav leads to enhanced nuclear factor of activated T cells activity without affecting AP-1. Additionally, overexpression of Vav, but not SLP-76, augments CD28-induced IL-2 promoter activity. These findings suggest that the synergy between SLP-76 and Vav in regulating IL-2 gene expression reflects the cooperation between different signaling pathways."}

    Anatomy-UBERON

    {"project":"Anatomy-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":126,"end":144},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":182,"end":188},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":227,"end":233},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":958,"end":964},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000988"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"A4","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"}],"text":"SLP-76 and Vav function in separate, but overlapping pathways to augment interleukin-2 promoter activity.\nSLP-76 and Vav, two hematopoietic cell specific molecules, are critical for T cell development and activation. Following T cell antigen receptor stimulation, SLP-76 and Vav both undergo tyrosine phosphorylation and associate with each other via the SH2 domain of Vav and phosphorylated tyrosines of SLP-76. Furthermore, SLP-76 and Vav have a synergistic effect on interleukin (IL)-2 promoter activity in T cells. In this report, we show that two tyrosines, Tyr-113 and Tyr-128, of SLP-76 are required for its binding to Vav, both in vitro and in intact cells. Surprisingly, we find also that the interaction between SLP-76 and Vav is not required for their cooperation in augmenting IL-2 promoter activity, as the two molecules appear to function in different signaling pathways upstream of IL-2 gene expression. Overexpression of SLP-76 in the Jurkat T cell line potentiates the activities of both nuclear factor of activated T cells and AP-1 transcription factors. In contrast, overexpression of Vav leads to enhanced nuclear factor of activated T cells activity without affecting AP-1. Additionally, overexpression of Vav, but not SLP-76, augments CD28-induced IL-2 promoter activity. These findings suggest that the synergy between SLP-76 and Vav in regulating IL-2 gene expression reflects the cooperation between different signaling pathways."}

    CL-cell

    {"project":"CL-cell","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":126,"end":144},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":182,"end":188},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":227,"end":233},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":510,"end":517},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":958,"end":964},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1040},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1154,"end":1161},"obj":"Cell"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000988"},{"id":"A2","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000084"},{"id":"A3","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000084"},{"id":"A4","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000084"},{"id":"A5","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000084"},{"id":"A6","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000084"},{"id":"A7","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000084"}],"text":"SLP-76 and Vav function in separate, but overlapping pathways to augment interleukin-2 promoter activity.\nSLP-76 and Vav, two hematopoietic cell specific molecules, are critical for T cell development and activation. Following T cell antigen receptor stimulation, SLP-76 and Vav both undergo tyrosine phosphorylation and associate with each other via the SH2 domain of Vav and phosphorylated tyrosines of SLP-76. Furthermore, SLP-76 and Vav have a synergistic effect on interleukin (IL)-2 promoter activity in T cells. In this report, we show that two tyrosines, Tyr-113 and Tyr-128, of SLP-76 are required for its binding to Vav, both in vitro and in intact cells. Surprisingly, we find also that the interaction between SLP-76 and Vav is not required for their cooperation in augmenting IL-2 promoter activity, as the two molecules appear to function in different signaling pathways upstream of IL-2 gene expression. Overexpression of SLP-76 in the Jurkat T cell line potentiates the activities of both nuclear factor of activated T cells and AP-1 transcription factors. In contrast, overexpression of Vav leads to enhanced nuclear factor of activated T cells activity without affecting AP-1. Additionally, overexpression of Vav, but not SLP-76, augments CD28-induced IL-2 promoter activity. These findings suggest that the synergy between SLP-76 and Vav in regulating IL-2 gene expression reflects the cooperation between different signaling pathways."}