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the two species distributed in both China and Southeast Asia, i.e. R. affinis and R. malayanus, the genetic patterns are more complex with different haplogroups showing more than 1% of nucleotide divergence. In the network of R. affinis, there are three major haplogroups (named I, II and III in Fig. 3) separated by a minimum of seven mutations. The results are therefore in agreement with those previously published using CO1 and D-loop mitochondrial sequences15. The CO1 haplotypes detected in the localities sampled in southern China (ch1, ch4, ch5) are distantly related to the single haplotype available for central China (ch6), but they are also found in Laos, northern and central Vietnam, northern Thailand and northeastern Myanmar. This result suggests recent gene flow between populations from southern Yunnan and those from northern mainland Southeast Asia. Since a virus related to SARS-CoV-2 (96.2% of genome identity), named RaTG13, was detected in one R. affinis bat captured in southern Yunnan in 20131, the genetic pattern obtained for this species suggests that viruses closely related to RaTG13 may have circulated in the zone comprising southern Yunnan and northern mainland Southeast Asia."}