PMC:7799378 / 16939-21781
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
698 | 54-69 | Disease | denotes | G6PD-deficiency | MESH:D005955 |
699 | 97-113 | Disease | denotes | viral infections | MESH:D001102 |
715 | 567-572 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
716 | 690-695 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
717 | 744-771 | Species | denotes | respiratory syncytial virus | Tax:12814 |
718 | 201-230 | Disease | denotes | bacterial or fungal infection | MESH:D001424 |
719 | 339-348 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
720 | 573-609 | Disease | denotes | HIV and chikungunya viral infections | MESH:D001102 |
721 | 655-671 | Disease | denotes | viral infections | MESH:D001102 |
722 | 730-738 | Disease | denotes | infected | MESH:D007239 |
723 | 864-882 | Disease | denotes | pulmonary diseases | MESH:D008171 |
724 | 900-911 | Disease | denotes | lung injury | MESH:D055370 |
725 | 913-919 | Disease | denotes | asthma | MESH:D001249 |
726 | 921-925 | Disease | denotes | COPD | MESH:D029424 |
727 | 927-942 | Disease | denotes | cystic fibrosis | MESH:D003550 |
728 | 948-957 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
729 | 718-723 | CellLine | denotes | Hep-2 | CVCL:1906 |
742 | 1176-1180 | Gene | denotes | G6PD | Gene:2539 |
743 | 1189-1194 | Gene | denotes | NADPH | Gene:1666 |
744 | 1329-1333 | Gene | denotes | G6PD | Gene:2539 |
745 | 998-1001 | Chemical | denotes | NAC | MESH:D000111 |
746 | 1006-1009 | Chemical | denotes | DPI | MESH:C007517 |
747 | 1245-1255 | Chemical | denotes | superoxide | MESH:D013481 |
748 | 1534-1549 | Disease | denotes | G6PD deficiency | MESH:D005955 |
749 | 1597-1611 | Disease | denotes | NOX deficiency | MESH:D007153 |
750 | 1628-1657 | Disease | denotes | chronic granulomatous disease | MESH:D006105 |
751 | 1659-1662 | Disease | denotes | CGD | MESH:D006105 |
752 | 1672-1687 | Disease | denotes | G6PD deficiency | MESH:D005955 |
753 | 1724-1742 | Disease | denotes | dysfunctional NETs | MESH:D009461 |
773 | 2030-2038 | Gene | denotes | elastase | |
774 | 2529-2536 | Gene | denotes | DNase-1 | Gene:1773 |
775 | 2572-2577 | Gene | denotes | IL-1β | Gene:3552 |
776 | 1786-1794 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
777 | 1983-1991 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
778 | 2100-2110 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
779 | 2398-2406 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
780 | 1777-1785 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
781 | 1844-1852 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
782 | 1907-1919 | Disease | denotes | organ injury | MESH:D009102 |
783 | 1925-1934 | Disease | denotes | mortality | MESH:D003643 |
784 | 1974-1982 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
785 | 2075-2083 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
786 | 2129-2141 | Disease | denotes | hypertension | MESH:D006973 |
787 | 2143-2153 | Disease | denotes | thrombosis | MESH:D013927 |
788 | 2159-2169 | Disease | denotes | vasculitis | MESH:D014657 |
789 | 2389-2397 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
790 | 2437-2446 | Disease | denotes | mortality | MESH:D003643 |
791 | 2648-2656 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
806 | 3078-3087 | Gene | denotes | pro-IL-1β | Gene:3553 |
807 | 3153-3158 | Gene | denotes | IL-1β | Gene:3552 |
808 | 3163-3168 | Gene | denotes | IL-18 | Gene:3606 |
809 | 3295-3331 | Gene | denotes | NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 | Gene:114548 |
810 | 3333-3338 | Gene | denotes | NLRP3 | Gene:114548 |
811 | 3495-3500 | Gene | denotes | NLRP3 | Gene:114548 |
812 | 3438-3456 | Species | denotes | murine coronavirus | Tax:694005 |
813 | 3457-3478 | Species | denotes | mouse hepatitis virus | Tax:11138 |
814 | 3480-3483 | Species | denotes | MHV | Tax:11138 |
815 | 2758-2770 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
816 | 3219-3244 | Disease | denotes | dysregulated inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
817 | 3249-3275 | Disease | denotes | autoinflammatory disorders | MESH:D056660 |
818 | 3559-3564 | Disease | denotes | death | MESH:D003643 |
819 | 3674-3697 | Disease | denotes | inflammasome impairment | MESH:D060825 |
841 | 4200-4205 | Gene | denotes | IL-1β | Gene:3552 |
842 | 4523-4527 | Gene | denotes | G6PD | Gene:2539 |
843 | 4650-4654 | Gene | denotes | G6PD | Gene:2539 |
844 | 4694-4698 | Gene | denotes | G6PD | Gene:2539 |
845 | 3881-3889 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
846 | 3956-3964 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
847 | 4355-4360 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
848 | 4604-4625 | Species | denotes | Staphylococcus aureus | Tax:1280 |
849 | 4630-4646 | Species | denotes | Escherichia coli | Tax:562 |
850 | 4266-4269 | Chemical | denotes | ATP | MESH:D000255 |
851 | 4270-4279 | Chemical | denotes | nigericin | MESH:D009550 |
852 | 4450-4453 | Chemical | denotes | ROS | MESH:D017382 |
853 | 4480-4484 | Chemical | denotes | H2O2 | MESH:D006861 |
854 | 3872-3880 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
855 | 3947-3955 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
856 | 3991-3998 | Disease | denotes | fitness | MESH:D012640 |
857 | 4084-4092 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
858 | 4170-4185 | Disease | denotes | G6PD deficiency | MESH:D005955 |
859 | 4342-4347 | CellLine | denotes | THP-1 | CVCL:0006 |
860 | 4538-4543 | CellLine | denotes | THP-1 | CVCL:0006 |
861 | 4665-4670 | CellLine | denotes | THP-1 | CVCL:0006 |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T141 | 0-113 | Sentence | denotes | Impaired NET formation and inflammasome activation in G6PD-deficiency and its possible effect on viral infections |
T142 | 114-173 | Sentence | denotes | Neutrophils are among the key players in the immune system. |
T143 | 174-323 | Sentence | denotes | The role of neutrophils in bacterial or fungal infection is well known, yet their influence on the anti-viral response has not been established [87]. |
T144 | 324-440 | Sentence | denotes | In response to infection, stimulated neutrophils release chromosomal DNA for trapping and killing invading microbes. |
T145 | 441-512 | Sentence | denotes | The chromatin trap is known as the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). |
T146 | 513-780 | Sentence | denotes | It mediates the control of viruses, such as seen with human HIV and chikungunya viral infections [88, 89], whereas it can contribute to other viral infections, including in non-human primates with SIV and Hep-2 cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus [90,91]. |
T147 | 781-963 | Sentence | denotes | The cytotoxic effect on lung epithelium and endothelium has linked NETs to several pulmonary diseases, including acute lung injury, asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, and pneumonia [92]. |
T148 | 964-1066 | Sentence | denotes | NET formation can be inhibited by NAC and DPI, indicating the involvement of oxidative stress and NOX. |
T149 | 1067-1175 | Sentence | denotes | A metabolic shift towards the PPP is required for the NET formation induced by amyloid fibrils and PMA [93]. |
T150 | 1176-1290 | Sentence | denotes | G6PD-derived NADPH can serve as a substrate for NOX, which generates superoxide and stimulates NET formation [17]. |
T151 | 1291-1428 | Sentence | denotes | Neutrophils from individuals with the G6PD Taiwan-Hakka variant are equally effective as normal individuals regarding NET formation [94]. |
T152 | 1429-1555 | Sentence | denotes | However, defective NET formation and NOX activity are observed in neutrophils of individuals with severe G6PD deficiency [95]. |
T153 | 1556-1664 | Sentence | denotes | The absence of NET formation is found in NOX deficiency associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). |
T154 | 1665-1743 | Sentence | denotes | Severe G6PD deficiency may mimic impaired NOX resulting in dysfunctional NETs. |
T155 | 1744-1800 | Sentence | denotes | Elevated NET levels are found in COVID-19 patients [96]. |
T156 | 1801-1997 | Sentence | denotes | NET formation is considered as a driver of COVID-19, since NET formation may contribute to tissue damage, organ injury, and mortality as indicated by autopsy specimens from COVID-19 patients [97]. |
T157 | 1998-2179 | Sentence | denotes | The by-product of NETs, such as elastase, is involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 by facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry and causing hypertension, thrombosis, and vasculitis [98–100]. |
T158 | 2180-2328 | Sentence | denotes | The tissue damage leading to excessive oxidative stress creates a vicious cycle by increasing NET formation and distressing adaptive immunity [101]. |
T159 | 2329-2475 | Sentence | denotes | Increased NETs are associated with hyperinflammation and in COVID-19 patients they amplify the severity and mortality associated with the disease. |
T160 | 2476-2667 | Sentence | denotes | Targeting NETs and its feedback loop, with elastase, DNase-1, or inhibitory peptides as well as IL-1β, are potential therapeutic interventions for reducing the severity of COVID-19 [102,103]. |
T161 | 2668-2781 | Sentence | denotes | The inflammasome is part of the innate immune system that regulates effector cells during inflammation [104–107]. |
T162 | 2782-3057 | Sentence | denotes | Inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes consisting of multiple oligomeric molecules that detect cell-damaging agents and pathogenic factors by recognizing danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), respectively [104]. |
T163 | 3058-3169 | Sentence | denotes | Through cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18, they promote the secretion of the active forms of IL-1β and IL-18. |
T164 | 3170-3276 | Sentence | denotes | Long-term exposure of the host to viruses causes dysregulated inflammation and autoinflammatory disorders. |
T165 | 3277-3433 | Sentence | denotes | Activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is triggered by viral replication and leads to the destruction of viruses [105]. |
T166 | 3434-3630 | Sentence | denotes | The murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) activates NLRP3 inflammasomes and induces proinflammatory programmed cell death by panoptosis (pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis) [106,107]. |
T167 | 3631-3806 | Sentence | denotes | The deleterious effects on the host due to inflammasome impairment indicate that balanced regulation of inflammasomes is crucial for the immune response and antiviral defense. |
T168 | 3807-3896 | Sentence | denotes | Inflammasome activation causes a cytokine storm in both SARS and COVID-19 patients [108]. |
T169 | 3897-4048 | Sentence | denotes | It is proposed that the heterogeneous response in COVID-19 patients due to the lack of immune fitness fails to properly reduce inflammasome activation. |
T170 | 4049-4169 | Sentence | denotes | This leads to enhanced severity of COVID-19, that is associated with a cytokine storm and extensive tissue damage [109]. |
T171 | 4170-4387 | Sentence | denotes | G6PD deficiency downregulates IL-1β expression and impairs inflammasome activation upon LPS and ATP/nigericin stimulation in PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and THP-1 cells (human monocyte cell line) [110]. |
T172 | 4388-4550 | Sentence | denotes | The impaired inflammasome activation is attributed to reduced ROS production via NOX, while H2O2 stimulates inflammasome activation in G6PD-knockdown THP-1 cells. |
T173 | 4551-4842 | Sentence | denotes | This results in weaken bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in G6PD-knockdown THP-1 cells, indicating that G6PD is required for the maintenance of the innate immune response, inflammasome activation, and pathogen clearance through redox homeostasis [110]. |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T27 | 894-911 | Phenotype | denotes | acute lung injury | http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_178320 |
T28 | 913-919 | Phenotype | denotes | asthma | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002099 |
T29 | 921-925 | Phenotype | denotes | COPD | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006510 |
T30 | 948-957 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T31 | 1041-1057 | Phenotype | denotes | oxidative stress | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464 |
T32 | 2129-2141 | Phenotype | denotes | hypertension | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822 |
T33 | 2159-2169 | Phenotype | denotes | vasculitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002633 |
T34 | 2219-2235 | Phenotype | denotes | oxidative stress | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464 |
T35 | 3463-3472 | Phenotype | denotes | hepatitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115 |
T36 | 3840-3854 | Phenotype | denotes | cytokine storm | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041 |
T37 | 4120-4134 | Phenotype | denotes | cytokine storm | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041 |