PMC:7799378 / 12080-13709 JSONTXT

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The capacity for donating electrons enables vitamin C to support essential cellular processes and immune responses [61–64]. Vitamin C maintains barrier integrity and facilitates wound healing of the skin against oxidative stress and microbial infections [65,66]. Vitamin C is required for chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and microbial clearance in neutrophils [67,68]. It is also necessary for apoptosis and clearance of used neutrophils as well as neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation [69,70]. The acidic condition caused by vitamin C helps to convert inorganic nitrate into NO [71]. Lack of vitamin C leads to immune dysfunction and vulnerability to infection. Humans cannot produce vitamin C owing to nonfunctional L-gluconolactone oxidase. Supplementation with a high dose of vitamin C can reduce the symptoms and duration of the common cold [72]. 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{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":331,"end":347},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1335,"end":1348},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1385,"end":1408},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A20","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464"},{"id":"A21","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003074"},{"id":"A22","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100510"}],"text":"Vitamin C, a natural antioxidant and potent free radical scavenger, has long been known for its antiviral effect [60]. The capacity for donating electrons enables vitamin C to support essential cellular processes and immune responses [61–64]. Vitamin C maintains barrier integrity and facilitates wound healing of the skin against oxidative stress and microbial infections [65,66]. Vitamin C is required for chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and microbial clearance in neutrophils [67,68]. It is also necessary for apoptosis and clearance of used neutrophils as well as neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation [69,70]. The acidic condition caused by vitamin C helps to convert inorganic nitrate into NO [71]. Lack of vitamin C leads to immune dysfunction and vulnerability to infection. Humans cannot produce vitamin C owing to nonfunctional L-gluconolactone oxidase. Supplementation with a high dose of vitamin C can reduce the symptoms and duration of the common cold [72]. Vitamin C therapy is recognized as a beneficial adjunctive strategy to ameliorate the symptoms of respiratory diseases, including severe acute respiratory disease (SARS) [73]. Glucose competes with the uptake of the oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid, via the glucose transporter [74]. Hence, the bioavailability of vitamin C can be restricted by hyperglycemia. If diabetic COVID-19 patients have low levels of vitamin C and are not treated with intravenous vitamin C, it may partly explain the severity of their illness. Several clinical trials have been proposed to infuse high dose vitamin C as an intervention for COVID-19 patients [75]."}