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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
245 999-1005 Species denotes people Tax:9606
246 1158-1169 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
247 234-253 Disease denotes coronavirus disease MESH:D018352
248 255-263 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
249 1171-1179 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
250 1406-1425 Disease denotes coronavirus disease MESH:D018352
251 1427-1435 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
254 1641-1647 Species denotes people Tax:9606
255 2148-2154 Species denotes people Tax:9606
257 3883-3889 Species denotes people Tax:9606
259 5258-5265 Disease denotes anxiety MESH:D001007
263 7331-7334 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
264 7245-7248 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
265 7017-7025 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T16 5258-5265 Phenotype denotes anxiety http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000739

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T397 0-4 Sentence denotes 4.1.
T398 5-25 Sentence denotes Descriptive Analysis
T399 26-118 Sentence denotes A simple frequency analysis of the items measuring conspiracy theories is shown in Figure 1.
T400 119-287 Sentence denotes The statement “Politicians do not honestly reveal their true intentions to the public regarding their decisions on coronavirus disease (COVID-19)” has the most support.
T401 288-443 Sentence denotes This result suggests that political distrust plays an important role in the spread of conspiracy theories because politicians are included in that measure.
T402 444-702 Sentence denotes The second item with a high agreement rate is “there is a secret organization that greatly influences political decisions.” This result also indicates the influence of politics in the spread of conspiracy theories because this item concerns politics as well.
T403 703-902 Sentence denotes Next, 18.3% and 17.9% of respondents support “the government is hiding something from the public,” and “the government is always monitoring the public.” Both statements are related to the government.
T404 903-1060 Sentence denotes However, 41.0% and 42.1% of respondents disagree with these statements, which implies that most people do not believe government-related conspiracy theories.
T405 1061-1277 Sentence denotes Additionally, 12.8% of respondents agree with “certain powerful nations deliberately created the coronavirus (COVID-19) to dominate the world,” which suggests the existence of conspiracies at the international level.
T406 1278-1337 Sentence denotes However, 52.2% of respondents disagree with this statement.
T407 1338-1505 Sentence denotes In addition, only 8.0% agree and 63.5% disagree with the statement “coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was deliberately created by pharmaceutical companies to make money.”
T408 1506-1664 Sentence denotes The simple frequency analysis shows, first, that although a fairly large number of respondents disagree with conspiracy theories, some people do believe them.
T409 1665-1759 Sentence denotes Second, the degree of belief in a conspiracy theory depends on the main subject of the theory.
T410 1760-1922 Sentence denotes For example, respondents are most likely to believe conspiracy theories related to politicians and least likely to believe conspiracy theories related to doctors.
T411 1923-2116 Sentence denotes Third, a significant proportion of respondents expresses neutral attitudes, that is, “neither agree nor disagree.” The highest proportion of neutral responses is 40.7%, and the lowest is 28.6%.
T412 2117-2229 Sentence denotes The findings implies that many people may believe in conspiracy theories, even if they are explicitly expressed.
T413 2230-2334 Sentence denotes Differences in beliefs in conspiracy theories are analyzed across different groups as shows in Figure 2.
T414 2335-2490 Sentence denotes Excluding the categorical variables, we divide the respondents into two or more groups based on the average values of items measured on a five-point scale.
T415 2491-2658 Sentence denotes Generally, the higher group includes respondents with scores above the average value, whereas the lower group includes respondents with scores below the average value.
T416 2659-2918 Sentence denotes First, in terms of political factors, the group with high authoritarianism scores has stronger beliefs in conspiracy theories than the group with low authoritarianism scores, and this difference is statistically significant (F-value = 4.533, p-value = 0.033).
T417 2919-3155 Sentence denotes Ideologically, conservatives have stronger beliefs in conspiracy theories than progressives do, which supports the results of Hart and Graether [29]; this difference is also statistically significant (F-value = 14.635, p-value = 0.000).
T418 3156-3270 Sentence denotes The degree of belief in conspiracy theories varies depending on whether the respondent supports Moon’s government.
T419 3271-3416 Sentence denotes Beliefs in conspiracy theories are stronger among the group that does not support Moon’s current government (F-value = 150.362, p-value = 0.000).
T420 3417-3473 Sentence denotes These results confirm those of Uscinski and Parent [20].
T421 3474-3617 Sentence denotes Additionally, supporters of the current ruling Democratic Party do not tend to believe conspiracy theories (F-value = 17.904, p-value = 0.000).
T422 3618-3775 Sentence denotes The group with a higher degree of religiosity indicates stronger beliefs in conspiracy theories than the lower group does (F-value = 3.511, p-value = 0.061).
T423 3776-3905 Sentence denotes Buddhists tend to have the strongest beliefs in conspiracy theories, followed by Christians, non-religious people, and Catholics.
T424 3906-4012 Sentence denotes Buddhists may have stronger beliefs in conspiracies because the majority of them are conservative elderly.
T425 4013-4122 Sentence denotes However, the differences between these groups are not statistically significant (F-value = 1.086, p = 0.354).
T426 4123-4311 Sentence denotes Among the trust variables, individuals with lower trust in the government exhibit stronger beliefs in conspiracy theories than those with higher trust (F-value = 124.413, p-value = 0.000).
T427 4312-4441 Sentence denotes However, trust in doctors is not significantly associated with beliefs in conspiracy theories (F-value = 2.207, p-value = 0.138).
T428 4442-4587 Sentence denotes The group with higher trust in SNS has stronger beliefs in conspiracy theories than the group with low trust (F-value = 15.019, p-value = 0.000).
T429 4588-4730 Sentence denotes Higher trust in the general public is significantly associated with weaker beliefs in conspiracy theories (F-value = 31.972, p-value = 0.000).
T430 4731-4871 Sentence denotes Among the four trust groups, the classification based on trust in the government has the largest difference between the low and high groups.
T431 4872-4943 Sentence denotes The impact of trust in the government therefore seems to be very large.
T432 4944-5063 Sentence denotes When the groups are defined according to psychological variables, all of the differences are statistically significant.
T433 5064-5234 Sentence denotes First, the group with high risk perception has a higher level of trust in conspiracy theories than the group with low risk perception (F-value = 92.182, p-value = 0.000).
T434 5235-5446 Sentence denotes The groups with higher anxiety (F-value = 92.182, p-value = 0.000) and negative emotions (F-value = 61.314, p-value = 0.000) also have stronger beliefs in conspiracy theories than the corresponding lower groups.
T435 5447-5663 Sentence denotes The groups with lower perceived control (F-value = 52.502, p-value = 0.000) and analytic thinking (F-value = 28.828, p-value = 0.000) have stronger beliefs in conspiracy theories than the corresponding higher groups.
T436 5664-5848 Sentence denotes Those who exhibit more external blame attribution by assigning responsibility for problems to others, express stronger beliefs in conspiracy theories (F-value = 9.49, p-value = 0.002).
T437 5849-6050 Sentence denotes Among the structural factors, lower education levels are associated with stronger beliefs in conspiracy theories, but the difference is not statistically significant (F-value = 0.922, p-value = 0.337).
T438 6051-6261 Sentence denotes Beliefs in conspiracy theories are high among households with incomes below 300 million won and are relatively lower in the two groups with incomes of 300 million won or more (F-value = 3.368, p-value = 0.035).
T439 6262-6506 Sentence denotes The more knowledgeable the respondents are and the better their quality of information is, the lower their beliefs in conspiracy theories (knowledge, F-value = 7.905, p-value = 0.005; quality of information; F-value = 211.000, p-value = 0.000).
T440 6507-6638 Sentence denotes In particular, the wide gap in groups with the high and low information suggests that the quality of information is very important.
T441 6639-6785 Sentence denotes Notably, differences in the amount of information are not associated with any difference in conspiracy beliefs (F-value = 0.916, p-value = 0.339).
T442 6786-6890 Sentence denotes This result suggests that the quality of information is more important than the quantity of information.
T443 6891-7094 Sentence denotes Health status has no significant effect (F-value = 0.027, p-value = 0.870), whereas the change in health status (worse) after COVID-19 does have a significant effect (F-value = 127.523, p-value = 0.000).
T444 7095-7216 Sentence denotes These results show that health changes according to variations in context are more important than everyday health status.
T445 7217-7370 Sentence denotes Finally, neither gender nor age has a statistically significant impact (gender, F-value = 0.422, p-value = 0.516; age, F-value = 0.695, p-value = 0.596).