PMC:7796176 / 9733-14052 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"112","span":{"begin":126,"end":138},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"113","span":{"begin":201,"end":213},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"114","span":{"begin":409,"end":421},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"115","span":{"begin":442,"end":454},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"116","span":{"begin":1053,"end":1061},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"117","span":{"begin":1110,"end":1115},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"118","span":{"begin":1125,"end":1133},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"119","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1243},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"120","span":{"begin":1352,"end":1364},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"121","span":{"begin":1550,"end":1554},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"122","span":{"begin":1559,"end":1564},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"123","span":{"begin":1651,"end":1657},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"124","span":{"begin":1687,"end":1695},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"125","span":{"begin":309,"end":317},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"129","span":{"begin":2312,"end":2320},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"130","span":{"begin":1871,"end":1879},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"131","span":{"begin":2296,"end":2304},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"145","span":{"begin":2722,"end":2730},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"146","span":{"begin":2853,"end":2861},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"147","span":{"begin":3153,"end":3161},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"148","span":{"begin":3232,"end":3240},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"149","span":{"begin":3469,"end":3475},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"150","span":{"begin":3560,"end":3566},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"151","span":{"begin":3608,"end":3616},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"152","span":{"begin":3634,"end":3640},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"153","span":{"begin":3705,"end":3713},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"154","span":{"begin":3768,"end":3776},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"155","span":{"begin":4017,"end":4025},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"156","span":{"begin":4120,"end":4128},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"157","span":{"begin":2697,"end":2705},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A112","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"112","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A113","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"113","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A114","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"114","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A115","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"115","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A116","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"116","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A117","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"117","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A118","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"118","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A119","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"119","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A120","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"120","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A121","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"121","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A122","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"122","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A123","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"123","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A124","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"124","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A125","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"125","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A129","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"129","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A130","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"130","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A131","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"131","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A145","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"145","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A146","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"146","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A147","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"147","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A148","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"148","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A149","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"149","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A150","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"150","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A151","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"151","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A152","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"152","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A153","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"153","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A154","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"154","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A155","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"155","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A156","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"156","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A157","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"157","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"3. Results\nIn total, 5505 individuals accessed the survey and 5266 accepted participation and signed the consent form. We had participants from each of the 16 regions in Chile. A total of 2109 (40.0%) participants were excluded from the analysis because they provided incomplete data (726 in demographics and COVID-19 related questions and 1383 for the movement behaviors). The final sample consisted of 3157 participants with complete data. Participants that provided complete data were more likely to be older (31.4 [6.06] vs. 30.3 [6.26], p \u003c 0.001) and more educated (52.4% vs. 40.2% with university studies or more, p \u003c 0.001) than those with incomplete data. The caregivers’ characteristics from those with complete data were comparable with those observed for the respective age group in the last National Census in terms of dwelling (81.6% vs. 79.7% living in a house) and living area (11.4% vs. 13.5% living in a rural area), but the current sample was more educated (65.7% vs. 39.7% with more than 12 years of education) [15]. The mean age of children was 3.1 (1.38) years. Most main caregivers were women (96.6%). Children enrolled in ECEC or schools were 28.1% of 1- to 2-year-olds and 71.9% of 3- to 5-year-olds. Most participants lived in houses (81.6%). About 9 out of 10 caregivers reported space to play at home. A large proportion of participants resided in urban areas (88.6%), and 76.3% s were under lockdown at the moment of the survey (mean duration 23.5 days [7.26]). Most sociodemographic characteristics were similar between boys and girls, except for the sex of the main caregiver (95.4% vs. 97.8%, p \u003c 0.001), the number of people (4.2 vs. 4.1, p = 0.013) and children (1.6 vs. 1.7, p = 0.004) per home (Table 1).\n\n3.1. Movement Behaviors before and during the Pandemic\nTable 2 shows the changes in movement behaviors from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic by sex and age. Across all ages, mean time spent in physical activity decreased (−0.75 [CI 95% −0.81, −0.70] h/day), recreational screen time and sleep duration increased (1.4 [CI 95% 1.34, 1.45] h/day and 0.09 [CI 95% 0.04, 0.15] h/night, respectively) and sleep quality declined (−0.75 [CI 95% −0.81, −0.69] points). No differences by sex were observed for any of the movement behaviors before and during COVID-19. Older children were consistently less physically active, spent more time in screens, slept less, and had better sleep quality before and during the pandemic. More details according to other sociodemographic factors are shown in Supplementary Table S1.\n\n3.2. Predictors of Change in Movement Behaviors\nTable 3 shows the sociodemographic predictors of changes in movement behaviors due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Older children had greater reductions in physical activity and sleep duration, while they had more marked increase in their screen time. Children whose main caregiver was a man had smaller decline in physical activity and sleep quality. Those with caregivers aged ≥35–\u003c45 years had greater reduction in physical activity and increase in screen time, while those with caregivers aged 45 and older had greater reduction in sleep duration. Children whose family had higher income had smaller decrease in sleep quality. Children whose main caregiver was more educated and those previously enrolled in an ECEC had greater reductions in their physical activity levels, and a greater increase in screen time. Toddlers and preschoolers living with five or more people had less marked decline in their physical activity, while those living with four or people had less marked increase in screen time. Children living with four people had greater reduction in sleep duration. Those living with more children had a less marked decline in their physical activity. Children who lived in apartment had greater reductions in physical activity and sleep quality, while they had a greater increase in screen time. Those living in a home different to a house or apartment had less marked increase in their screen time. Children who lived in homes with more square meters per person had a smaller decline in sleep quality. Children who had a space to play at home and those living in rural areas had smaller decline in physical activity and sleep quality, and less marked increase in screen time compared with their peers."}

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Results\nIn total, 5505 individuals accessed the survey and 5266 accepted participation and signed the consent form. We had participants from each of the 16 regions in Chile. A total of 2109 (40.0%) participants were excluded from the analysis because they provided incomplete data (726 in demographics and COVID-19 related questions and 1383 for the movement behaviors). The final sample consisted of 3157 participants with complete data. Participants that provided complete data were more likely to be older (31.4 [6.06] vs. 30.3 [6.26], p \u003c 0.001) and more educated (52.4% vs. 40.2% with university studies or more, p \u003c 0.001) than those with incomplete data. The caregivers’ characteristics from those with complete data were comparable with those observed for the respective age group in the last National Census in terms of dwelling (81.6% vs. 79.7% living in a house) and living area (11.4% vs. 13.5% living in a rural area), but the current sample was more educated (65.7% vs. 39.7% with more than 12 years of education) [15]. The mean age of children was 3.1 (1.38) years. Most main caregivers were women (96.6%). Children enrolled in ECEC or schools were 28.1% of 1- to 2-year-olds and 71.9% of 3- to 5-year-olds. Most participants lived in houses (81.6%). About 9 out of 10 caregivers reported space to play at home. A large proportion of participants resided in urban areas (88.6%), and 76.3% s were under lockdown at the moment of the survey (mean duration 23.5 days [7.26]). Most sociodemographic characteristics were similar between boys and girls, except for the sex of the main caregiver (95.4% vs. 97.8%, p \u003c 0.001), the number of people (4.2 vs. 4.1, p = 0.013) and children (1.6 vs. 1.7, p = 0.004) per home (Table 1).\n\n3.1. Movement Behaviors before and during the Pandemic\nTable 2 shows the changes in movement behaviors from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic by sex and age. Across all ages, mean time spent in physical activity decreased (−0.75 [CI 95% −0.81, −0.70] h/day), recreational screen time and sleep duration increased (1.4 [CI 95% 1.34, 1.45] h/day and 0.09 [CI 95% 0.04, 0.15] h/night, respectively) and sleep quality declined (−0.75 [CI 95% −0.81, −0.69] points). No differences by sex were observed for any of the movement behaviors before and during COVID-19. Older children were consistently less physically active, spent more time in screens, slept less, and had better sleep quality before and during the pandemic. More details according to other sociodemographic factors are shown in Supplementary Table S1.\n\n3.2. Predictors of Change in Movement Behaviors\nTable 3 shows the sociodemographic predictors of changes in movement behaviors due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Older children had greater reductions in physical activity and sleep duration, while they had more marked increase in their screen time. Children whose main caregiver was a man had smaller decline in physical activity and sleep quality. Those with caregivers aged ≥35–\u003c45 years had greater reduction in physical activity and increase in screen time, while those with caregivers aged 45 and older had greater reduction in sleep duration. Children whose family had higher income had smaller decrease in sleep quality. Children whose main caregiver was more educated and those previously enrolled in an ECEC had greater reductions in their physical activity levels, and a greater increase in screen time. Toddlers and preschoolers living with five or more people had less marked decline in their physical activity, while those living with four or people had less marked increase in screen time. Children living with four people had greater reduction in sleep duration. Those living with more children had a less marked decline in their physical activity. Children who lived in apartment had greater reductions in physical activity and sleep quality, while they had a greater increase in screen time. Those living in a home different to a house or apartment had less marked increase in their screen time. Children who lived in homes with more square meters per person had a smaller decline in sleep quality. Children who had a space to play at home and those living in rural areas had smaller decline in physical activity and sleep quality, and less marked increase in screen time compared with their peers."}