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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
161 118-126 Species denotes children Tax:9606
162 81-89 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
163 363-371 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
169 726-734 Species denotes children Tax:9606
170 919-927 Species denotes children Tax:9606
171 1106-1114 Species denotes children Tax:9606
172 1409-1417 Species denotes children Tax:9606
173 2034-2040 Species denotes people Tax:9606
175 3061-3069 Species denotes children Tax:9606
183 3380-3388 Species denotes children Tax:9606
184 3562-3570 Species denotes children Tax:9606
185 3654-3662 Species denotes children Tax:9606
186 3858-3863 Species denotes child Tax:9606
187 4810-4816 Species denotes people Tax:9606
188 4821-4829 Species denotes children Tax:9606
189 4167-4175 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
192 5122-5130 Species denotes children Tax:9606
193 5434-5442 Species denotes children Tax:9606
199 6632-6640 Species denotes children Tax:9606
200 6926-6934 Species denotes children Tax:9606
201 7654-7663 Chemical denotes vitamin D MESH:D014807
202 6611-6619 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
203 7664-7685 Disease denotes deficiency and myopia MESH:D009216
205 8292-8300 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
214 9516-9524 Species denotes children Tax:9606
215 9799-9807 Species denotes children Tax:9606
216 10454-10460 Species denotes people Tax:9606
217 9370-9378 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
218 9460-9468 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
219 9767-9775 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
220 10122-10130 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
221 10795-10806 Disease denotes impairments MESH:D060825
229 11071-11083 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
230 11225-11237 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
231 11275-11283 Species denotes children Tax:9606
232 11796-11802 Species denotes people Tax:9606
233 12016-12022 Species denotes people Tax:9606
234 11339-11350 Disease denotes impairments MESH:D060825
235 12805-12813 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 7654-7674 Phenotype denotes vitamin D deficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100512
T2 7679-7685 Phenotype denotes myopia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000545
T3 7788-7804 Phenotype denotes behavior changes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000708

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T110 0-2 Sentence denotes 4.
T111 3-13 Sentence denotes Discussion
T112 14-145 Sentence denotes To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the effects of COVID-19 on movement behaviors among children aged 1 to 5 years.
T113 146-278 Sentence denotes We found that all movement behaviors changed across all ages, reflecting important secondary detrimental effects from this pandemic.
T114 279-560 Sentence denotes The most common sociodemographic predictors of movement behaviors change during the COVID-19 pandemic were age, main caregiver’s sex, age, and education, family income, previous enrolment in an ECEC, dwelling type, available space to play, and type of residence area (urban/rural).
T115 561-700 Sentence denotes This is also the first known study in Chile that examined all three components of the 24-h movement behaviors in toddlers and preschoolers.
T116 701-853 Sentence denotes A novel finding was that children from poorer families were more physically active than those in more affluent or educated families during the pandemic.
T117 854-952 Sentence denotes This finding is different from that commonly observed in Chilean children and adolescents [16,17].
T118 953-1208 Sentence denotes It is plausible that those caregivers were less likely to work from home under lockdown and kept more “normal” routines with their families, while those children may have had more freedom to play indoors and less demand to stay quiet during working hours.
T119 1209-1351 Sentence denotes Also, having space to play at home was consistently related to healthier levels in all movement behaviors both before and during the pandemic.
T120 1352-1571 Sentence denotes This finding reinforces the need for ensuring spaces for children at home and surrounding areas to play as this is likely to promote these behaviors not only during the pandemic but also in the return to a “new normal”.
T121 1572-1983 Sentence denotes In Chile, specific content was developed for promoting physical activity through social media and national TV (since the 27 April 2020) as a response to the pandemic [18,19], and an expert committee on physical activity was installed by the Ministries of Sports, Health, and Education to inform, adapt and add physical activity content into the curriculum of the classes delivered remotely in this context [20].
T122 1984-2253 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, the lockdown measures did not allow people to participate in physical activity outdoors and most public parks were still closed during the period included in our study [3], with few councils prioritizing pedestrian zones to favor physical distancing [21].
T123 2254-2516 Sentence denotes These opposing strategies where on one hand physical activity is promoted indoors while at the same time it is severely restricted outdoors need to be periodically revised and aligned with the latest evidence, so health impairing over-restrictions are prevented.
T124 2517-2658 Sentence denotes Preschoolers were the most affected by the restrictions during the pandemic, particularly for physical activity and recreational screen time.
T125 2659-2788 Sentence denotes This may be explained by preschoolers needing more space to play and having greater access to screen-based devices than toddlers.
T126 2789-2924 Sentence denotes The reduction in physical activity and the increase in screen time have particularly affected those with previous enrolment in an ECEC.
T127 2925-3199 Sentence denotes Schools would be in a better position to respond with specific actions to prevent physical inactivity during this period than ECECs, as children and adolescents are more likely to be connected to participate in their virtual school activities than toddlers and preschoolers.
T128 3200-3309 Sentence denotes Therefore, governments, policymakers, and professionals should devote particular attention to this age group.
T129 3310-3505 Sentence denotes Our results suggest that more educated parents tend to restrict their children’s physical activity more, while at the same time may provide more opportunities to engage in screen-based behaviors.
T130 3506-3690 Sentence denotes This is an interesting finding as, before the pandemic, children with more educated caregivers tended to engage less with screen-based devices than children with less-educated parents.
T131 3691-3888 Sentence denotes This may be partially explained as more educated caregivers may have to work from home, and this, in turn, may require the caregiver to use screens to entertain their child while working from home.
T132 3889-4094 Sentence denotes This may be even more complicated in families living in apartments, one of the strongest predictors of declines in physical activity and increases of screen time observed in this study during the pandemic.
T133 4095-4144 Sentence denotes This finding has implications for urban planning.
T134 4145-4466 Sentence denotes As the full impact of COVID-19 is uncertain and other pandemics may occur, upgrading substandard areas that are currently plenty of small social apartments with insufficient recreational public spaces should be considered, together with stronger regulation, as part of a plan to build healthier and more resilient cities.
T135 4467-4730 Sentence denotes Undoubtedly, families and caregivers play a key role in facilitating movement behaviors of toddlers and preschoolers, but some political actions such as allowing specific time for those residing in apartments to go outside with their family may boost the process.
T136 4731-5084 Sentence denotes Some caregivers and family characteristics (caregiver’s sex and age, number of people and children per home) were also associated with changes in movement behaviors during the pandemic, so strategies should consider messages and actions for the entire family group, particularly small families and those whose main caregivers are aged 35 and older [22].
T137 5085-5208 Sentence denotes Overall, sleep quality worsened, but children with higher family income and less crowded homes showed less marked declines.
T138 5209-5346 Sentence denotes This aspect may reflect other social issues that are not captured in this study that are related to the economic situation in Chile [23].
T139 5347-5563 Sentence denotes The decrease in sleep quality has also been described in a study conducted in Italy in children aged 3 to 6 during the early stages of the pandemic; however, after two weeks of follow-up, this decline plateaued [24].
T140 5564-5805 Sentence denotes Some key messages to promote healthy sleep duration and quality, such as creating a bedtime routine and avoiding screens before sleep should be regularly disseminated and reinforced; and particularly tailored to low-income families [4,6,25].
T141 5806-5931 Sentence denotes Having space to play at home was the most consistent factor in the home environment predicting changes in movement behaviors.
T142 5932-6087 Sentence denotes A novel finding from our study is that the play space was not only important for physical activity and screen time but also had an impact on sleep quality.
T143 6088-6279 Sentence denotes This is particularly important as this association reinforce the call from the World Health Organization for focusing on the interaction of all three behaviors as they benefit each other [6].
T144 6280-6450 Sentence denotes Therefore, strategies originally thought for promoting active playing at home or surroundings may impact sleep, and this, in turn, may benefit the whole home environment.
T145 6451-6574 Sentence denotes Another relevant factor that resulted in healthier changes in physical activity and screen time was living in a rural area.
T146 6575-6746 Sentence denotes Recent studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents have also reported that rurality is an important correlate of movement behaviors [26,27].
T147 6747-6921 Sentence denotes A study conducted in Croatia reported that the decrease in physical activity was more evident in adolescents living in urban areas than it was in those from rural areas [26].
T148 6922-7076 Sentence denotes For children living in Canada, factors such as living in an apartment and the proximity to major roads were barriers to engage in outdoor activities [27].
T149 7077-7214 Sentence denotes Also, adolescents spent more time outdoor if they lived in a low-density area and had access to parks in high-density neighborhoods [28].
T150 7215-7350 Sentence denotes We acknowledge that one of the primary measures taken by countries to control the pandemic was the imposition of mobility restrictions.
T151 7351-7522 Sentence denotes However, decision-makers should seek options to facilitate outdoor recreational activities for the population while preserving safety and physical distancing instructions.
T152 7523-7690 Sentence denotes Outdoor time is not only relevant for all movement behaviors but also the lack of it may impact other areas such as mental health, vitamin D deficiency and myopia [4].
T153 7691-7978 Sentence denotes In our study, the region of residence and lockdown situation were not predictors of the movement behavior changes suggesting that regardless of location and containment measures, movement behaviors, in both toddlers and preschoolers, were similarly affected during the pandemic in Chile.
T154 7979-8079 Sentence denotes The provision of safe spaces for physical activity is critical when physical distancing is required.
T155 8080-8326 Sentence denotes As parks may be limited in space, availability and accessibility, programs such as open streets (e.g., Ciclovía) or play streets can be adapted and implemented while maintaining the physical distancing and other COVID-19-safe measures [29,30,31].
T156 8327-8522 Sentence denotes Thus, councils could provide additional safe spaces by closing lanes to cars, implementing complete streets schemes, and transforming them into spaces for physical activity, play, and recreation.
T157 8523-8724 Sentence denotes Colombia has been highly innovative during the pandemic as they modified their current programs, usually delivered in parks or closed areas to face the needs of the population during the pandemic [32].
T158 8725-8888 Sentence denotes For example, in Bogotá, one of the first measures taken during the pandemic was the closure of lanes to private cars and the instalment of daily open streets [33].
T159 8889-9071 Sentence denotes Also, professionals from the Ministry of Sports Colombia have delivered their physical activity programs in the neighborhoods while maintaining an appropriate physical distance [32].
T160 9072-9338 Sentence denotes These low-cost initiatives have been positively received by the general public and policymakers [34,35], so once adapted to local needs they could be implemented in other contexts and countries, including Chile, and could help to alleviate the inactivity crisis [3].
T161 9339-9441 Sentence denotes The detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in toddlers and preschoolers are still uncertain [8].
T162 9442-9692 Sentence denotes If sustained, the COVID-19 lockdown measures may have a serious impact on children, with a greater effect on those from a more deprived background, increasing the gap in other developmental outcomes such as motor development, cognition, and literacy.
T163 9693-9787 Sentence denotes Actions to prevent the adverse effects of the restriction measures due to COVID-19 are needed.
T164 9788-9981 Sentence denotes As younger children are mostly dependent on adults, we should embrace this challenge and offer the best possible opportunities to promote a comprehensive development in the current context [8].
T165 9982-10175 Sentence denotes Messages and strategies should be respectful and appropriate for the families as many are suffering not only from the direct effects of the COVID-19 but also from economic and social hardships.
T166 10176-10332 Sentence denotes These challenges are novel and highly demanding for governments and can only be successfully addressed if coordinated actions across sectors are undertaken.
T167 10333-10507 Sentence denotes Cross-country collaborative efforts are needed to understand further how the pandemic is affecting movement behaviors of people from other ages, locations, and social groups.
T168 10508-10577 Sentence denotes This may guide the allocation of resources where it is more critical.
T169 10578-10842 Sentence denotes This study adds evidence that allows more balanced decision-making processes where not only the need to impose mobility restrictions to prevent contagion is taken into consideration but so is the need to avoid health impairments derived from extended confinements.
T170 10843-10993 Sentence denotes Government departments are encouraged to develop and update their protocols in awareness of the multiple health impacts derived from the confinements.
T171 10995-11020 Sentence denotes Strengths and Limitations
T172 11021-11117 Sentence denotes Strengths of this study include a large sample of participants from each of the Chilean regions.
T173 11118-11379 Sentence denotes As recruitment was conducted online, voluntary response bias may have affected the sample composition with participants being more concerned regarding their children’s health and having therefore higher chances to notice impairments in their movement behaviors.
T174 11380-11625 Sentence denotes Besides this limitation, the respondents’ characteristics were comparable from those observed in the last National Census for the respective age group in terms of dwelling type and living area, but the sample in our study was more educated [15].
T175 11626-11760 Sentence denotes Although our instrument was piloted before it was officially launched, we had a large percentage of incomplete questionnaires (40.0%).
T176 11761-11909 Sentence denotes This could be explained since some people may be more reluctant to provide personal information through online platforms than in face-to-face modes.
T177 11910-12032 Sentence denotes Some of the factors associated with the movement behaviors showed small predictive power (e.g., number of people at home).
T178 12033-12118 Sentence denotes This may be explained as there are some other factors explaining these relationships.
T179 12119-12296 Sentence denotes We recognize that movement behaviors are complex and depend on several dynamic factors that our questions were unable to capture, particularly during early stages of a pandemic.
T180 12297-12512 Sentence denotes However, we measured these factors using the best assessment option possible under the very restricted circumstances imposed at the very early stages of the pandemic, when the data collection was conducted in Chile.
T181 12513-12640 Sentence denotes We acknowledge that self-report measures used in this study may have biased the results (e.g., social desirability and recall).
T182 12641-12880 Sentence denotes The use of accelerometers was not possible as physical distancing was mandated at the national level, including for those studies that were not strictly related to COVID-19 in clinical settings during the early stages of the pandemic [36].
T183 12881-13028 Sentence denotes Considering this, we collected data only for four weeks to minimize the risk of recall bias regarding the retrospective nature of some assessments.