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PMC:7796152 / 1689-9573 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
39 33-36 Gene denotes Age Gene:5973
56 1121-1124 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
57 970-973 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
58 738-741 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
59 560-563 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
60 503-506 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
61 365-368 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
62 305-308 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
63 196-199 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
64 180-183 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
65 152-155 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
66 64-67 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
67 98-104 Species denotes people Tax:9606
68 256-262 Species denotes People Tax:9606
69 880-899 Disease denotes depressive symptoms MESH:D000275
70 1343-1353 Disease denotes depression MESH:D000275
71 1383-1393 Disease denotes depression MESH:D000275
80 1908-1911 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
81 1821-1824 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
82 1720-1723 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
83 1604-1607 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
84 1462-1465 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
85 1426-1431 Species denotes women Tax:9606
86 1495-1498 Species denotes men Tax:9606
87 1560-1565 Species denotes woman Tax:9606
89 2071-2074 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
97 3122-3125 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
98 3035-3038 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
99 2930-2933 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
100 3070-3075 Species denotes women Tax:9606
101 2545-2554 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
102 2671-2694 Disease denotes cardiovascular diseases MESH:D002318
103 2743-2761 Disease denotes impaired cognition MESH:D003072
107 3748-3751 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
108 3636-3639 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
109 3889-3894 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
116 4332-4335 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
117 4095-4098 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
118 4125-4144 Disease denotes Coronavirus disease MESH:D018352
119 4146-4154 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
120 4401-4420 Disease denotes depressive symptoms MESH:D000275
121 4425-4437 Disease denotes malnutrition MESH:D044342
123 4447-4466 Disease denotes Depressive Symptoms MESH:D000275
134 5284-5287 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
135 4528-4545 Disease denotes Burden of Disease MESH:D003141
136 4553-4563 Disease denotes depression MESH:D000275
137 4687-4697 Disease denotes depression MESH:D000275
138 4835-4845 Disease denotes depression MESH:D000275
139 5087-5097 Disease denotes depression MESH:D000275
140 5171-5190 Disease denotes depressive symptoms MESH:D000275
141 5254-5275 Disease denotes cognitive impairments MESH:D003072
142 5319-5333 Disease denotes mental illness MESH:D002908
143 5346-5355 Disease denotes depressed MESH:D000275
153 6068-6071 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
154 5957-5960 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
155 5785-5788 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
156 5908-5914 Species denotes people Tax:9606
157 5393-5403 Disease denotes Depression MESH:D000275
158 5491-5508 Disease denotes cognitive decline MESH:D003072
159 5658-5668 Disease denotes depression MESH:D000275
160 6102-6108 Disease denotes stress MESH:D000079225
161 6120-6139 Disease denotes depressive symptoms MESH:D000275
169 6482-6485 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
170 6252-6262 Disease denotes deficiency MESH:D007153
171 6524-6536 Disease denotes malnutrition MESH:D044342
172 6615-6627 Disease denotes malnutrition MESH:D044342
173 6800-6818 Disease denotes sensory impairment MESH:D012678
174 6924-6936 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
175 6987-7013 Disease denotes loss of vision and hearing MESH:D054062
182 7875-7878 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
183 7831-7834 Gene denotes age Gene:5973
184 7135-7145 Disease denotes depression MESH:D000275
185 7225-7245 Disease denotes cognitive impairment MESH:D003072
186 7749-7761 Disease denotes malnutrition MESH:D044342
187 7780-7792 Disease denotes malnutrition MESH:D044342

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T7 1343-1353 Phenotype denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T8 1383-1393 Phenotype denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T9 2671-2694 Phenotype denotes cardiovascular diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001626
T10 4425-4437 Phenotype denotes malnutrition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004395
T11 4553-4563 Phenotype denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T12 4687-4697 Phenotype denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T13 4835-4845 Phenotype denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T14 5087-5097 Phenotype denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T15 5254-5275 Phenotype denotes cognitive impairments http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100543
T16 5393-5403 Phenotype denotes Depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T17 5491-5508 Phenotype denotes cognitive decline http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001268
T18 5658-5668 Phenotype denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T19 6193-6205 Phenotype denotes Malnutrition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004395
T20 6206-6218 Phenotype denotes Malnutrition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004395
T21 6524-6536 Phenotype denotes malnutrition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004395
T22 6615-6627 Phenotype denotes malnutrition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004395
T23 6800-6818 Phenotype denotes sensory impairment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003474
T24 6876-6891 Phenotype denotes dental problems http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000164
T25 6904-6922 Phenotype denotes difficulty chewing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005216
T26 6975-7001 Phenotype denotes Progressive loss of vision http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000529
T27 7135-7145 Phenotype denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T28 7225-7245 Phenotype denotes cognitive impairment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100543
T29 7749-7761 Phenotype denotes malnutrition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004395
T30 7780-7792 Phenotype denotes malnutrition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004395

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T15 0-2 Sentence denotes 1.
T16 3-15 Sentence denotes Introduction
T17 17-21 Sentence denotes 1.1.
T18 22-52 Sentence denotes Subjective Age of Older Adults
T19 53-160 Sentence denotes Subjective age refers to the degree to which people feel younger or older than their chronological age [1].
T20 161-255 Sentence denotes Like chronological age, subjective age contributes to a variety of developmental outcomes [2].
T21 256-382 Sentence denotes People who feel younger than their chronological age are usually better off than those who feel their actual age or older [3].
T22 383-668 Sentence denotes For instance, the outcomes of one of the only meta-analyses that has investigated the longitudinal effect of subjective age on future health and longevity among adults (average age 57–85 years) revealed that feeling younger is connected with improved physical health and longevity [4].
T23 669-904 Sentence denotes Furthermore, a correlation has been found between younger subjective age and important developmental processes, such as enhanced subjective wellbeing [5], better cognition test performance [6], and having fewer depressive symptoms [7].
T24 905-1101 Sentence denotes Research has found that feeling younger than one’s chronological age is associated with higher levels of subjective wellbeing [5], greater life satisfaction [8,9], and more positive affect [5,10].
T25 1102-1241 Sentence denotes Younger subjective age is also associated with having a sense of meaning in life, higher levels of optimism, and more successful aging [8].
T26 1242-1399 Sentence denotes Similarly, feeling younger correlates with a decreased likelihood of experiencing a major episode of depression [11] and reduced symptoms of depression [12].
T27 1400-1504 Sentence denotes In another meta-analysis, women reported a younger subjective age compared to that reported by men [13].
T28 1505-1680 Sentence denotes Later studies have provided more evidence that being a woman is correlated with younger subjective age [5,14,15]; however, others have not found this correlation [6,16,17,18].
T29 1681-1917 Sentence denotes The impact of loneliness on subjective age is not clear; one study found that a decrease in loneliness resulted in a decrease in subjective age, but, changes in objective social indicators did not predict changes in subjective age [19].
T30 1919-1923 Sentence denotes 1.2.
T31 1924-1950 Sentence denotes Loneliness in Older Adults
T32 1951-2048 Sentence denotes The definition of loneliness is the gap between real and wished for social relationships [20,21].
T33 2049-2158 Sentence denotes Similar to subjective age, loneliness is a subjective concept and not an objective social manifestation [20].
T34 2159-2414 Sentence denotes Although loneliness can be connected with objective aspects of the social network including the number and frequency of actual social contacts, it is not synonymous with these aspects and it still represents the qualitative elements of relationships [22].
T35 2415-2563 Sentence denotes With a few exceptions, the majority of past research has emphasized the role of loneliness as a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality [23,24].
T36 2564-2807 Sentence denotes A considerable body of research has pointed out that a high level of loneliness is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases [25], disability [26], poor sleep hygiene [27], impaired cognition [28], and impaired physical functioning [22].
T37 2808-3162 Sentence denotes These negative effects of loneliness might explain the possible association between feelings of loneliness and subjective age, and in contrast, the negative correlation between size of friendship network and self-perception of age (for example, the finding that women who felt themselves younger than their actual age had larger friendship networks [29].
T38 3163-3380 Sentence denotes Moreover, a recent study suggested a plausible causal model of loneliness leading to morbidity and mortality, and found evidence of mediation by subjective health, depressive symptoms, and functional limitations [30].
T39 3381-3570 Sentence denotes Although objective indicators of social relationships also predict health and well-being [31,32], these are generally thought to exert a somewhat smaller effect in comparison to loneliness.
T40 3571-3664 Sentence denotes However, there is general consent that loneliness increases with age among older adults [33].
T41 3665-3757 Sentence denotes This is not surprising given the many objective losses that take place in advanced age [33].
T42 3758-3989 Sentence denotes Objective losses include, for example, retirement because it is often associated with the narrowing of one’s social network or the death of a spouse, siblings, and close friends, which also result in reduced social contact [34,35].
T43 3991-3995 Sentence denotes 1.3.
T44 3996-4013 Sentence denotes Mediating Factors
T45 4014-4352 Sentence denotes In addition to the possible direct correlation between loneliness and subjective age, during a crisis like the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, feelings of loneliness can have far-reaching implications for the life of older adults, which could shed light on some of the effects of feeling lonely on subjective age during a crisis.
T46 4353-4438 Sentence denotes Two specific mediators are likely to be at play—depressive symptoms and malnutrition.
T47 4440-4446 Sentence denotes 1.3.1.
T48 4447-4466 Sentence denotes Depressive Symptoms
T49 4467-4663 Sentence denotes According to the 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burden of Disease Study, depression is a serious public health problem among individuals, families, and societies throughout the world.
T50 4664-4825 Sentence denotes The WHO estimated that depression was the fourth leading contributor to the global burden of disease in 2000, as measured by disability-adjusted life years [36].
T51 4826-5051 Sentence denotes Although depression rates are generally lower among older adults (5.4%) compared to middle-aged (9.8%) and younger (7.4%) adults, the rate among seniors in the United States has continued to rise in recent decades [37,38,39].
T52 5052-5154 Sentence denotes In addition, the reported rates of depression in the older population of the US may be underestimated.
T53 5155-5392 Sentence denotes This is because depressive symptoms can be masked as physical complaints or initially appear to be cognitive impairments in this age group, moreover, the stigma of mental illness may inhibit depressed older adults from seeking treatment.
T54 5393-5523 Sentence denotes Depression is one of the negative health outcomes linked to loneliness as well as disability, and cognitive decline [40,41,42,43].
T55 5524-5681 Sentence denotes For example, a study in Ohio retirement communities found that older individuals who reported feeling lonely had significantly higher depression scores [44].
T56 5682-5755 Sentence denotes However, the experiences and consequences of loneliness may vary greatly.
T57 5756-5883 Sentence denotes Moreover, because subjective age reflects self-perception, it is also related to many psychological factors among older adults.
T58 5884-6035 Sentence denotes Research has shown that people who feel younger than their chronological age tend to be mentally healthy and have fewer psychological problems [11,12].
T59 6036-6184 Sentence denotes In addition, younger subjective age has been associated with less stress [1], fewer depressive symptoms [45,46], and strong mastery beliefs [45,47].
T60 6186-6192 Sentence denotes 1.3.2.
T61 6193-6205 Sentence denotes Malnutrition
T62 6206-6457 Sentence denotes Malnutrition is defined as a state in which a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein, and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue and body form (body shape, size, and composition), function, and clinical outcomes [48].
T63 6458-6507 Sentence denotes It is more prevalent as age increases [49,50,51].
T64 6508-6693 Sentence denotes The etiology of malnutrition is multifactorial; adverse physiological, psychological, and social causes of malnutrition in older adults are consistently reported in the literature [52].
T65 6694-6974 Sentence denotes Aging is accompanied by physiological changes that can negatively impact nutritional status, for example, sensory impairment may result in reduced appetite and poor oral health, and dental problems can lead to difficulty chewing, inflammation, and a monotonous, poor-quality diet.
T66 6975-7104 Sentence denotes Progressive loss of vision and hearing may also limit mobility and affect the ability to shop for food and prepare meals [53,54].
T67 7105-7426 Sentence denotes In addition to loneliness and depression, other psychosocial and social changes characteristic of older adults, such as cognitive impairment, heavy use of medication, periods of lengthy hospitalization, retirement from paid work, bereavement, and increasing frailty can also contribute to poor nutritional status [54,55].
T68 7427-7621 Sentence denotes These factors affect the ability of older adults to meet dietary needs or to digest, absorb, utilize, or excrete nutrients that are ingested, leading to reduced energy intake and lean body mass.
T69 7622-7773 Sentence denotes This, in turn, may result in a reduced metabolic rate, a corresponding decline in total energy expenditure, and potentially to malnutrition [56,57,58].
T70 7774-7884 Sentence denotes Thus, malnutrition, like other unhealthy outcomes of old age, may also be associated with subjective age [45].