PMC:7796058 / 59412-63261 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7796058","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7796058","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7796058","text":"5.7. Risk Calculation and Visualization\nTo demonstrate risk calculation using Equation (2), we evaluated the proposed IoCT using the following cleaning use case scenarios. In meeting room number 326 of the CCIT building, the number of people increased as people entered the room, and this event was detected by a smart camera in the room. The number of people was shown online in the video frame and map visualization browser in green until the room capacity (five) was reached. When the fourth person came in (room capacity is assumed to be three), the alarm notification for “Room exceeded capacity” is shown. After that, a person coughed in the meeting room, and this event was detected by both the smart camera and audio sensors. A notification showed “Cough detected”. Then, the person who coughed opened the door and this event was detected by the smart camera. A “High-risk behavior detected” notification was shown. The risk profile at that moment exceeded the threshold of 0.7 and a notification was sent to the people in room, and to a cleaner. The color of the room polygon turned red indicating high risk and the room polygon was extruded (i.e., the polygon height increases) proportional to the risk value. People started to leave the room causing the risk from People Density to go down, but the risk is higher than at the very beginning as a coughing event had occurred. The total risk value of the meeting room falls but remains higher than before the risky behavior (i.e., cough) took place. The cleaner closer to the room changes his activity status to cleaning (shown by an icon on the map) and moves closer towards the room (from elevator to room). The cleaner trajectory alongside the other people trajectories extracted from BLE beacons were visualized too. After the cleaning activity, the room’s total risk level goes back down to zero and the color of the room polygon changes back to green. The video demo of this scene is attached in the Supplementary Materials which shows the risk profile of the room. A sample screen shot of the Supplementary Materials demo video is presented in Figure 14.\nTo evaluate the impact of various weights assigned to different map layers, we used two sets of weights for map layer aggregations on the client side: Profile 1: W1=W2=W3=W4=1; and Profile 2: W1=0.1, W2=0.4, W3=0.3, and W4=0.2 as mentioned in Section 4.1. Figure 15 shows two risk profiles for room 326 over 40 min from 20:00 to 20: 40 p.m. on 11 June 2020.\nEvaluating precision, recall, and F-Score of video-Based and audio-Based risky behavior detection are listed in in Table 5 and Table 7 accordingly. Table 8 includes time performance of different developed functionalities (e.g., video-based person density, video-based physical distancing, video-based risky behavior detection, and audio-based risky behavior detection) on various platforms such as Jetson NX, laptop, and android smartphone. The performance of using a deep learning engine is highly dependent on Graphics and Computing processors. Therefore, the performance of those functionalities is evaluated on a laptop with more robust processing units. The laptop has NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2070 with 7.5 computation capabilities and a Core i7. Therefore, the performance on Jetson NX is lower than on the laptop. The best performance values are video-based risky behavior detection because they only involve the object detection task. Audio-based risky behavior detection segments the voice in specific time frames and converts them into spectrogram images. Voice patterns are detected in images using the VGG model. Therefore, the time of processing for audio is higher than video object detection. Video-based people density and video-based physical distancing give worse performance values than simple object detection regarding complexities in tracking functions.","divisions":[{"label":"title","span":{"begin":0,"end":39}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":40,"end":2120}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":2121,"end":2478}}],"tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"429","span":{"begin":235,"end":241},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"430","span":{"begin":255,"end":261},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"431","span":{"begin":353,"end":359},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"432","span":{"begin":1021,"end":1027},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"433","span":{"begin":1220,"end":1226},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"434","span":{"begin":1275,"end":1281},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"435","span":{"begin":1712,"end":1718},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"436","span":{"begin":757,"end":762},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"437","span":{"begin":1357,"end":1365},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"438","span":{"begin":1490,"end":1495},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"439","span":{"begin":1650,"end":1658},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"441","span":{"begin":3694,"end":3700},"obj":"Species"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A429","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"429","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A430","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"430","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A431","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"431","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A432","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"432","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A433","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"433","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A434","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"434","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A435","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"435","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A436","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"436","obj":"MESH:D003371"},{"id":"A437","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"437","obj":"MESH:D003371"},{"id":"A438","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"438","obj":"MESH:D003371"},{"id":"A439","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"439","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A441","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"441","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"subj":"429","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"430","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"431","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"432","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"433","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"434","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"435","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"436","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"437","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"438","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"439","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"441","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":757,"end":762},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1357,"end":1365},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1427,"end":1432},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1490,"end":1495},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A15","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735"},{"id":"A16","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735"},{"id":"A17","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002527"},{"id":"A18","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735"},{"subj":"T15","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"},{"subj":"T18","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T433","span":{"begin":0,"end":4},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T434","span":{"begin":5,"end":39},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T435","span":{"begin":40,"end":171},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T436","span":{"begin":172,"end":338},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T437","span":{"begin":339,"end":478},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T438","span":{"begin":479,"end":611},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T439","span":{"begin":612,"end":733},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T440","span":{"begin":734,"end":773},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T441","span":{"begin":774,"end":867},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T442","span":{"begin":868,"end":923},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T443","span":{"begin":924,"end":1054},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T444","span":{"begin":1055,"end":1219},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T445","span":{"begin":1220,"end":1385},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T446","span":{"begin":1386,"end":1508},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T447","span":{"begin":1509,"end":1668},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T448","span":{"begin":1669,"end":1779},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T449","span":{"begin":1780,"end":1916},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T450","span":{"begin":1917,"end":2030},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T451","span":{"begin":2031,"end":2120},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T452","span":{"begin":2121,"end":2271},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T453","span":{"begin":2272,"end":2376},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T454","span":{"begin":2377,"end":2453},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T455","span":{"begin":2454,"end":2478},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T456","span":{"begin":2479,"end":2626},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T457","span":{"begin":2627,"end":2919},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T458","span":{"begin":2920,"end":3025},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T459","span":{"begin":3026,"end":3137},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T460","span":{"begin":3138,"end":3225},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T461","span":{"begin":3226,"end":3294},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T462","span":{"begin":3295,"end":3416},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T463","span":{"begin":3417,"end":3539},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T464","span":{"begin":3540,"end":3598},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T465","span":{"begin":3599,"end":3681},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T466","span":{"begin":3682,"end":3849},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T433","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T434","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T435","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T436","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T437","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T438","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T439","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T440","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T441","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T442","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T443","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T444","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T445","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T446","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T447","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T448","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T449","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T450","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T451","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T452","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T453","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T454","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T455","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T456","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T457","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T458","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T459","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T460","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T461","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T462","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T463","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T464","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T465","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T466","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#ecce93","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-HP","color":"#b493ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#93ec9a"}]}]}}