PMC:7786642 / 2062-3026 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7786642","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7786642","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7786642","text":"As of 30th of June 2020, COVID-19 has caused more than 500,000 deaths globally, with an estimated case fatality of 1–4% (Hauser et al. 2020). The UK is one of the countries most affected, with an estimated 57,300 more deaths in England and Wales than it would be expected from mid-February to end of May 2020 had the pandemic not taken place (Kontis et al. 2020). Established risk factors of COVID-19 mortality include age, sex and ethnicity (Wu et al. 2020). Previous studies have observed a correlation between pre-existing conditions such as stroke, hypertension and diabetes (Williamson et al., 2020, Yang et al., 2020). Long-term exposure to air-pollution has been hypothesised to worsen COVID-19 prognosis: either directly, as it can suppress early immune responses to the infection (E. Conticini et al. 2020), or indirectly, as it can increase the risk of stroke, hypertension and other pre-existing conditions (Giorgini et al., 2016, Scheers et al., 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