> top > docs > PMC:7784830 > spans > 1442-6344 > annotations

PMC:7784830 / 1442-6344 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
37 260-283 Species denotes 2019 novel corona virus Tax:2697049
38 285-294 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
39 401-449 Species denotes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 Tax:2697049
40 451-461 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
41 481-489 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
42 648-654 Species denotes people Tax:9606
43 767-779 Species denotes corona virus Tax:11118
44 1608-1620 Species denotes corona virus Tax:11118
45 988-1006 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
46 1186-1207 Chemical denotes chloroquine phosphate MESH:C023676
47 1211-1237 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine sulfate MESH:D006886
48 1333-1343 Chemical denotes remdesivir MESH:C000606551
49 1345-1364 Chemical denotes lopinavir–ritonavir MESH:C558899
50 134-143 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
51 518-543 Disease denotes corona virus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
52 545-553 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
53 755-763 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
54 1251-1259 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
55 1545-1553 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
59 1909-1917 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
60 2376-2383 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
61 1841-1849 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
80 4527-4535 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
81 4580-4588 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
82 4636-4644 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
83 4658-4666 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
84 4686-4694 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
85 3077-3081 Chemical denotes ODFs
86 3338-3342 Chemical denotes ODFs
87 3433-3438 Chemical denotes lipid MESH:D008055
88 3500-3506 Chemical denotes silica MESH:D012822
89 3591-3595 Chemical denotes ODFs
90 4073-4078 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
91 4489-4493 Chemical denotes ODFs
92 4775-4779 Chemical denotes ODFs
93 4198-4218 Disease denotes irritation of mucosa MESH:D001523
94 4562-4579 Disease denotes mentally retarded MESH:D008607
95 4604-4623 Disease denotes Parkinson’s disease MESH:D010300
96 4651-4657 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
97 4872-4880 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 134-143 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T2 4651-4657 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T20 0-12 Sentence denotes Introduction
T21 13-171 Sentence denotes During the fag end of 2019, Wuhan – the most densely populated city and capital of Hubei Province – China was witnessing pneumonia whose etiology was unknown.
T22 172-302 Sentence denotes At the beginning of 2020, the pathogen was successfully identified and was named as the 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) [1,2].
T23 303-559 Sentence denotes Later, on 20 February 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named it as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new variant of SARS-CoV, and the disease caused was corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [3].
T24 560-635 Sentence denotes Since then the whole world is on ‘High Alert’ due to this new viral threat.
T25 636-725 Sentence denotes Millions of people have been (self) quarantined to prevent it from further spreading [4].
T26 726-808 Sentence denotes Nonetheless, the individuals infected by corona virus are augmenting everyday [5].
T27 809-897 Sentence denotes There are absolutely no drugs that are approved by regulatory agencies across the globe.
T28 898-1037 Sentence denotes In India, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) strongly recommended the usage of hydroxychloroquine for asymptomatic purposes [6].
T29 1038-1264 Sentence denotes Followed by this development, emergency use authorization was granted by United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) to promote the usage of chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine sulfate for treating COVID-19 [7].
T30 1265-1430 Sentence denotes World Health Organization (WHO) identified and recommended usage of remdesivir, lopinavir–ritonavir with or without interferon, immunotherapy, and recuperative sera.
T31 1431-1558 Sentence denotes WHO also launched SOLIDARITY trials for the above-prescribed drugs to support that they are effective in treating COVID-19 [8].
T32 1559-1777 Sentence denotes In addition, novel chemical entities against the corona virus protease were also proposed by some researchers [9] and some have proposed various integrated Chinese and Western medicines for treating this pandemic [10].
T33 1778-1850 Sentence denotes While the research is going on to identify an active agent for COVID-19.
T34 1851-1957 Sentence denotes Identifying the mode of delivering the active moieties to patients and healthy subjects cannot be ignored.
T35 1958-2113 Sentence denotes At present, there are several drug delivery systems, whereas the most novel and transformative drug delivery/carrier system is orodispersible films (ODFs).
T36 2114-2141 Sentence denotes European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.
T37 2142-2278 Sentence denotes Eur.) defines ODFs as ‘single or multilayered sheets of suitable materials, to be placed in the mouth where they disperse rapidly’ [11].
T38 2279-2453 Sentence denotes They are a type of oromucosal preparations which are ultra-thin, elegant, stamp sized, portable, patient friendly, and attractive dosage forms across all the age groups [12].
T39 2454-2626 Sentence denotes Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) defines ODFs as ‘A thin layer or coating which is susceptible to being dissolved when in contact with a liquid’ [13].
T40 2627-2805 Sentence denotes On the contrary, United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) employs a different terminology and called them as ‘Oral Films’ and defined as ‘Thin sheets that are placed in the oral cavity.
T41 2806-2838 Sentence denotes They contain one or more layers.
T42 2839-2884 Sentence denotes A layer might or might not contain API’ [14].
T43 2885-3076 Sentence denotes ODFs undergo rapid disintegration/dissolution and are usually swallowed along with saliva and a small amount of the drug gets absorbed via the oral mucosa due to its high vasculature [15,16].
T44 3077-3270 Sentence denotes ODFs are excellent and attractive carriers for delivery of various over the counter (OTC) or prescription drugs [17], herbal extracts [18–21], vaccines [22], probiotics [23], and vitamins [24].
T45 3271-3673 Sentence denotes Drugs are either directly introduced [25–28] in the formulation of ODFs or size reduced and converted to solid dispersions [29] or nanoparticles [30,31] or solid lipid microparticles [32] or micronized and surface modified using silica [33] which not only help in enhancing the amount of drug that could be loaded on to ODFs but also help in enhancing the release rate and, bioavailability of the drug.
T46 3674-3784 Sentence denotes At present, ODFs are used as an excellent carrier system for delivering various therapeutically active agents.
T47 3785-3896 Sentence denotes The composition of ODFs includes a drug substance (natural or synthetic), a film-forming agent and plasticizer.
T48 3897-3996 Sentence denotes Additionally, it also includes saliva stimulating agent, organoleptic agents, and stabilizers [12].
T49 3997-4160 Sentence denotes The critical quality characteristics of ODFs are its appearance, stability, water content, uniformity of the active agent, color, taste, aftertaste, and mouthfeel.
T50 4161-4242 Sentence denotes Most importantly, it shall not cause irritation of mucosa when administered [34].
T51 4243-4488 Sentence denotes The authors provided an overview on characterization of ODFs to determine various quality parameters of ODFs and also introduced a 3D printed disintegration test apparatus for testing the disintegration time of ODFs using sensor technology [35].
T52 4489-4703 Sentence denotes ODFs are capable for drug delivery in patients with swallowing problems, mentally retarded patients, subjects with Parkinson’s disease, bed-ridden patients, oral cancer patients, and uncooperative patients [36–38].
T53 4704-4902 Sentence denotes The present review is focused on critically analyzing the potential of ODFs as carriers for delivering antiviral drugs/herbs/vaccines with a potential for treatment of COVID-19, the global pandemic.