Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T40 |
0-4 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1. |
T41 |
6-38 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Alarming pace of deadly diseases |
T42 |
39-147 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Death rates due to diseases largely depend on access to health care and availability of effective medicines. |
T43 |
148-294 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The vast majority of the deadliest diseases are partially preventable with better access to preventive procedures and quality healthcare delivery. |
T44 |
295-484 |
Sentence |
denotes |
With the advancements in medical sciences, we have seen a drastic reduction in death rates for many devastating diseases in developed nations and to a lesser extent in developing countries. |
T45 |
485-585 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A brief summary of the global medical challenges the humankind continues to face is presented below. |
T46 |
587-593 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.1. |
T47 |
595-614 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Infectious diseases |
T48 |
615-671 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Malaria is an ancient scourge as old as humanity itself. |
T49 |
672-771 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There are over 200 million new infections and around half a million deaths reported every year [5]. |
T50 |
772-910 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Despite many attempts to design effective vaccines, none has been successful at providing long-lasting benefits at a population level [9]. |
T51 |
911-1092 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, with 10,000 million infections and 1.5 million deaths in 2018 according to the world health organization [10]. |
T52 |
1093-1174 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Likewise, viruses continue to compromise the lives of tens of millions of people. |
T53 |
1175-1320 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Globally, influenza virus infects a 1 billion people and causes up to 650,000 deaths every year despite the availability of the flu vaccine [11]. |
T54 |
1321-1425 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Viral infections inflect heavy societal and economic burdens beside their morbidity and mortality tolls. |
T55 |
1426-1689 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The past half century has witnessed deadly outbreaks of novel viruses of animal origin other than SARS-CoV2 such as Nipah, Hendra, Hanta, Ebola, several influenza subtypes, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) [12]. |
T56 |
1690-1896 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These outbreaks warn the urgency of understanding the factors influencing viral diseases emergence and spread as well as global preparedness to halt these epidemics from becoming a full-blown pandemic [13]. |
T57 |
1897-1975 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Multidrug resistance is yet another emergent global public health threat [14]. |
T58 |
1976-2183 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogen are responsible for more than 700,000 deaths per year, and is projected to cause a 10 million deaths per year by 2050 [15]. |
T59 |
2184-2380 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The World Health Organization along with several other organization have called an urgent action to tackle the spread of antimicrobial resistance and invest in development of new antibiotics [16]. |
T60 |
2382-2388 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.2. |
T61 |
2390-2396 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cancer |
T62 |
2397-2463 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cancer remains as the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. |
T63 |
2464-2562 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In 2018, cancer have affected an estimated 18.1 million people and caused 9.6 million deaths [17]. |
T64 |
2563-2741 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A close watch at the statistics reveals that cancer kills around 10 million people every year; which is about 20,000 people every day; that correlates to one person every second. |
T65 |
2742-2867 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The number of cancer deaths in the United States alone is predicted to increase to 946,833 in 2030 from 595,690 in 2016 [18]. |
T66 |
2868-3028 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These disturbing figures desperately calls for the need to develop early diagnostics, novel, and effective medicines as well as new drug development strategies. |
T67 |
3029-3205 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Partial solutions to this challenge by precision medicine and immunotherapy has been firmly established, merits to the recent inventions in cancer genomics and immunology [18]. |
T68 |
3207-3213 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.3. |
T69 |
3215-3227 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CNS diseases |
T70 |
3228-3331 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Another significant growing healthcare need with a major economic and medical impacts is Dementia [19]. |
T71 |
3332-3547 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Globally, dementia affects around 50 million people, and over the past 18 years, the percentage of death among Alzheimer’s patients doubled while deaths resulting from stroke, and heart diseases have decreased [20]. |
T72 |
3548-3714 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the US alone the number of Alzheimer’s dementia cases is expected to shoot up to 13.8 million and impose a health care burden of 1.1 trillion dollars by 2050 [20]. |
T73 |
3715-3814 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As of today, there are no medications known to reverse the progression of Alzheimer’s disease [21]. |
T74 |
3816-3822 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.4. |
T75 |
3824-3837 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Rare diseases |
T76 |
3838-3961 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although individual occurrence is rare, collectively rare diseases is a problem affecting 6–8% of the world population [7]. |
T77 |
3962-4100 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network was established by The National Institutes of Health (NIH) to address these unique challenges. |
T78 |
4101-4169 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Among the 7,000 rare diseases, treatments are available only for 5%. |
T79 |
4170-4332 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Altogether across the globe, there are 350 million people diagnosed with rare diseases and half of them are children, a third of which are below 5-years old [22]. |
T80 |
4333-4500 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There is a great disparity in access to orphan medicinal products (OMPs) and healthcare services among world countries despite mounting international initiatives [23]. |