Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T38 |
0-2 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2. |
T39 |
4-15 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Unmet needs |
T40 |
17-21 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1. |
T41 |
23-55 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Alarming pace of deadly diseases |
T42 |
56-164 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Death rates due to diseases largely depend on access to health care and availability of effective medicines. |
T43 |
165-311 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The vast majority of the deadliest diseases are partially preventable with better access to preventive procedures and quality healthcare delivery. |
T44 |
312-501 |
Sentence |
denotes |
With the advancements in medical sciences, we have seen a drastic reduction in death rates for many devastating diseases in developed nations and to a lesser extent in developing countries. |
T45 |
502-602 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A brief summary of the global medical challenges the humankind continues to face is presented below. |
T46 |
604-610 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.1. |
T47 |
612-631 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Infectious diseases |
T48 |
632-688 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Malaria is an ancient scourge as old as humanity itself. |
T49 |
689-788 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There are over 200 million new infections and around half a million deaths reported every year [5]. |
T50 |
789-927 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Despite many attempts to design effective vaccines, none has been successful at providing long-lasting benefits at a population level [9]. |
T51 |
928-1109 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, with 10,000 million infections and 1.5 million deaths in 2018 according to the world health organization [10]. |
T52 |
1110-1191 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Likewise, viruses continue to compromise the lives of tens of millions of people. |
T53 |
1192-1337 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Globally, influenza virus infects a 1 billion people and causes up to 650,000 deaths every year despite the availability of the flu vaccine [11]. |
T54 |
1338-1442 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Viral infections inflect heavy societal and economic burdens beside their morbidity and mortality tolls. |
T55 |
1443-1706 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The past half century has witnessed deadly outbreaks of novel viruses of animal origin other than SARS-CoV2 such as Nipah, Hendra, Hanta, Ebola, several influenza subtypes, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) [12]. |
T56 |
1707-1913 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These outbreaks warn the urgency of understanding the factors influencing viral diseases emergence and spread as well as global preparedness to halt these epidemics from becoming a full-blown pandemic [13]. |
T57 |
1914-1992 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Multidrug resistance is yet another emergent global public health threat [14]. |
T58 |
1993-2200 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogen are responsible for more than 700,000 deaths per year, and is projected to cause a 10 million deaths per year by 2050 [15]. |
T59 |
2201-2397 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The World Health Organization along with several other organization have called an urgent action to tackle the spread of antimicrobial resistance and invest in development of new antibiotics [16]. |
T60 |
2399-2405 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.2. |
T61 |
2407-2413 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cancer |
T62 |
2414-2480 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cancer remains as the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. |
T63 |
2481-2579 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In 2018, cancer have affected an estimated 18.1 million people and caused 9.6 million deaths [17]. |
T64 |
2580-2758 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A close watch at the statistics reveals that cancer kills around 10 million people every year; which is about 20,000 people every day; that correlates to one person every second. |
T65 |
2759-2884 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The number of cancer deaths in the United States alone is predicted to increase to 946,833 in 2030 from 595,690 in 2016 [18]. |
T66 |
2885-3045 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These disturbing figures desperately calls for the need to develop early diagnostics, novel, and effective medicines as well as new drug development strategies. |
T67 |
3046-3222 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Partial solutions to this challenge by precision medicine and immunotherapy has been firmly established, merits to the recent inventions in cancer genomics and immunology [18]. |
T68 |
3224-3230 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.3. |
T69 |
3232-3244 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CNS diseases |
T70 |
3245-3348 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Another significant growing healthcare need with a major economic and medical impacts is Dementia [19]. |
T71 |
3349-3564 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Globally, dementia affects around 50 million people, and over the past 18 years, the percentage of death among Alzheimer’s patients doubled while deaths resulting from stroke, and heart diseases have decreased [20]. |
T72 |
3565-3731 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the US alone the number of Alzheimer’s dementia cases is expected to shoot up to 13.8 million and impose a health care burden of 1.1 trillion dollars by 2050 [20]. |
T73 |
3732-3831 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As of today, there are no medications known to reverse the progression of Alzheimer’s disease [21]. |
T74 |
3833-3839 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.4. |
T75 |
3841-3854 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Rare diseases |
T76 |
3855-3978 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although individual occurrence is rare, collectively rare diseases is a problem affecting 6–8% of the world population [7]. |
T77 |
3979-4117 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network was established by The National Institutes of Health (NIH) to address these unique challenges. |
T78 |
4118-4186 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Among the 7,000 rare diseases, treatments are available only for 5%. |
T79 |
4187-4349 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Altogether across the globe, there are 350 million people diagnosed with rare diseases and half of them are children, a third of which are below 5-years old [22]. |
T80 |
4350-4517 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There is a great disparity in access to orphan medicinal products (OMPs) and healthcare services among world countries despite mounting international initiatives [23]. |