| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T105 |
0-144 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The process of drug research and development is extremely slow taking at least 7 to 10 years for a lead candidate to reach the marketplace [28]. |
| T106 |
145-300 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This is mainly due to the rigorous process needed to ensure safety and efficacy through clinical human trial and as well as obtaining regulatory approvals. |
| T107 |
301-408 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Duplication and reproducibility are other factors that also contributes to the slow pace of drug discovery. |
| T108 |
409-634 |
Sentence |
denotes |
While duplication and reproducibility can be seen as a squander of time and resources, they remain essential to provide more data and evidence and ensure the safety and efficiency before they are prescribed to the population. |
| T109 |
635-881 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The devastating malformations of children born to women prescribed ‘Thalidomide’, to treat morning sickness is a stark reminder of the important of independent rigorous evaluation of a drug’s safety profile before its release for population [31]. |
| T110 |
882-1073 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A more recent example, hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19, highlights the importance of multiple and independent studies needed to demonstrate a drug’s safety and efficiency [32]. |
| T111 |
1074-1275 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Other factors include, suboptimal collaboration or lack of meaningful collaborative efforts among academia, industry, and government institutions despite several effort to encourage collaboration [33]. |
| T112 |
1276-1416 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This have led, on many instances, to academics and pharma sectors working on similar ideas in parallel, in secret, and often in competition. |
| T113 |
1417-1583 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, the establishment of a trusted and fair framework of collaboration and data sharing can both speed up the pace and improve the outcome of successful drugs. |
