PMC:7784828 / 11480-13074 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":0,"end":4},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":6,"end":10},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":11,"end":155},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":156,"end":311},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":312,"end":419},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":420,"end":645},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":646,"end":892},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":893,"end":1084},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T111","span":{"begin":1085,"end":1286},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T112","span":{"begin":1287,"end":1427},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T113","span":{"begin":1428,"end":1594},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"3.2. Pace\nThe process of drug research and development is extremely slow taking at least 7 to 10 years for a lead candidate to reach the marketplace [28]. This is mainly due to the rigorous process needed to ensure safety and efficacy through clinical human trial and as well as obtaining regulatory approvals. Duplication and reproducibility are other factors that also contributes to the slow pace of drug discovery. While duplication and reproducibility can be seen as a squander of time and resources, they remain essential to provide more data and evidence and ensure the safety and efficiency before they are prescribed to the population. The devastating malformations of children born to women prescribed ‘Thalidomide’, to treat morning sickness is a stark reminder of the important of independent rigorous evaluation of a drug’s safety profile before its release for population [31]. A more recent example, hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19, highlights the importance of multiple and independent studies needed to demonstrate a drug’s safety and efficiency [32]. Other factors include, suboptimal collaboration or lack of meaningful collaborative efforts among academia, industry, and government institutions despite several effort to encourage collaboration [33]. This have led, on many instances, to academics and pharma sectors working on similar ideas in parallel, in secret, and often in competition. Therefore, the establishment of a trusted and fair framework of collaboration and data sharing can both speed up the pace and improve the outcome of successful drugs."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"139","span":{"begin":253,"end":258},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"140","span":{"begin":679,"end":687},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"141","span":{"begin":696,"end":701},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"142","span":{"begin":714,"end":725},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"143","span":{"begin":916,"end":934},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"144","span":{"begin":662,"end":675},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"145","span":{"begin":954,"end":962},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A139","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"139","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A140","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"140","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A141","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"141","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A142","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"142","obj":"MESH:D013792"},{"id":"A143","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"143","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A144","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"144","obj":"MESH:D000014"},{"id":"A145","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"145","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"3.2. Pace\nThe process of drug research and development is extremely slow taking at least 7 to 10 years for a lead candidate to reach the marketplace [28]. This is mainly due to the rigorous process needed to ensure safety and efficacy through clinical human trial and as well as obtaining regulatory approvals. Duplication and reproducibility are other factors that also contributes to the slow pace of drug discovery. While duplication and reproducibility can be seen as a squander of time and resources, they remain essential to provide more data and evidence and ensure the safety and efficiency before they are prescribed to the population. The devastating malformations of children born to women prescribed ‘Thalidomide’, to treat morning sickness is a stark reminder of the important of independent rigorous evaluation of a drug’s safety profile before its release for population [31]. A more recent example, hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19, highlights the importance of multiple and independent studies needed to demonstrate a drug’s safety and efficiency [32]. Other factors include, suboptimal collaboration or lack of meaningful collaborative efforts among academia, industry, and government institutions despite several effort to encourage collaboration [33]. This have led, on many instances, to academics and pharma sectors working on similar ideas in parallel, in secret, and often in competition. Therefore, the establishment of a trusted and fair framework of collaboration and data sharing can both speed up the pace and improve the outcome of successful drugs."}