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LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 2930-2936 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T2 2965-2973 Phenotype denotes dementia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000726
T3 6377-6383 Phenotype denotes Cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T4 6384-6390 Phenotype denotes Cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T5 6460-6466 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T6 6595-6601 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T7 6743-6749 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T8 7156-7162 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T9 7304-7312 Phenotype denotes Dementia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000726
T10 7329-7337 Phenotype denotes dementia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000726
T11 7487-7493 Phenotype denotes stroke http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001297
T12 7577-7585 Phenotype denotes dementia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000726
T13 7776-7795 Phenotype denotes Alzheimer’s disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002511
T14 13774-13778 Phenotype denotes pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012531
T15 14013-14023 Phenotype denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T16 20780-20786 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-115 Sentence denotes Drug development post COVID-19 pandemic: toward a better system to meet current and future global health challenges
T2 116-118 Sentence denotes K.
T3 119-121 Sentence denotes G.
T4 122-140 Sentence denotes AGHILA RANI ET AL.
T5 141-173 Sentence denotes EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY
T6 175-183 Sentence denotes Abstract
T7 184-192 Sentence denotes ABSTRACT
T8 193-206 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T9 207-347 Sentence denotes Despite advances in drug research and development, our knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms of many diseases remains inadequate.
T10 348-414 Sentence denotes This have led to limited effective medicines for several diseases.
T11 415-519 Sentence denotes To address these challenges, efficient strategies, novel technologies, and policies are urgently needed.
T12 520-649 Sentence denotes The main obstacles in drug discovery and development are the mounting cost, risk, and time frame needed to develop new medicines.
T13 650-715 Sentence denotes Fair pricing and accessibility is another unmet global challenge.
T14 716-730 Sentence denotes Areas covered:
T15 731-827 Sentence denotes Here, the authors cover the pace, risks, cost, and challenges facing drug development processes.
T16 828-962 Sentence denotes Additionally, they introduce disease-associated data which demand global attention and propose solutions to overcome these challenges.
T17 963-978 Sentence denotes Expert opinion:
T18 979-1116 Sentence denotes The massive challenges encountered during drug development urgently call for a serious global rethinking of the way this process is done.
T19 1117-1336 Sentence denotes A partial solution might be if many consortiums of multi-nations, academic institutions, clinicians, pharma companies, and funding agencies gather at different fronts to crowdsource resources, share knowledge and risks.
T20 1337-1442 Sentence denotes Such an ecosystem can rapidly generate first-in-class molecules that are safe, effective, and affordable.
T21 1443-1603 Sentence denotes We think that this article represents a wake-up call for the scientific community to immediately reassess the current drug discovery and development procedures.
T22 1605-1607 Sentence denotes 1.
T23 1609-1621 Sentence denotes Introduction
T24 1622-1764 Sentence denotes The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a heavy toll on human life, health care, global economy and almost every aspect of human life [1,2].
T25 1765-1967 Sentence denotes Yet despite its devastating effects, it has also mobilized and united many elements of the drug discovery and development process to seek therapies to address this most pressing public health emergency.
T26 1968-2072 Sentence denotes In a record time frame, 36 vaccines have entered in clinical trials and 89 are in preclinical phase [3].
T27 2073-2345 Sentence denotes While it usually takes 10–15 years to develop a vaccine, in less than a year, promising results from phase III clinical trials of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine were recently announced with results from trials by other pharma companies expected to follow soon (Figure 1) [4].
T28 2346-2355 Sentence denotes Figure 1.
T29 2356-2498 Sentence denotes Comparison between the traditional vaccine development timeline and the accelerated development time line in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
T30 2499-2718 Sentence denotes This momentous foot is a testament to the collective human resolve and can only be achieved in the presence of a global will, collaboration, and available resources needed to tackle a global health crisis of this scale.
T31 2719-2978 Sentence denotes Yet as the world remains focused on COVID-19 pandemic, the humankind still faces several intricate diseases many of which do not obey the standard Mendelian rules of inheritance such as infectious diseases [5], cancer [6], rare diseases [7], and dementia [8].
T32 2979-3155 Sentence denotes Despite skyrocketing technological advances, the impression has gained ground that we are clueless about most of the diseases’ etiologies, progression and molecular mechanisms.
T33 3156-3307 Sentence denotes Solving unmet medical needs is still a distant dream and there is a pressing need to develop new and effective medicines for several existing diseases.
T34 3308-3430 Sentence denotes To successfully address these challenges, developing efficient strategies, novel technologies, and policies are paramount.
T35 3431-3559 Sentence denotes The mounting cost, risk, and timely process are significant obstacles that hinders the drug discovery and development processes.
T36 3560-3781 Sentence denotes As global momentum continues to materialize in an effort to address the ongoing pandemic, valuable lessons and perhaps plunders can be learned and applied to address other global health-related challenges humankind faces.
T37 3782-3968 Sentence denotes In the following sections, major perplexing challenges to the health of humankind, the hurdles facing drug discovery and development and frontiers for potential solutions, are addressed.
T38 3970-3972 Sentence denotes 2.
T39 3974-3985 Sentence denotes Unmet needs
T40 3987-3991 Sentence denotes 2.1.
T41 3993-4025 Sentence denotes Alarming pace of deadly diseases
T42 4026-4134 Sentence denotes Death rates due to diseases largely depend on access to health care and availability of effective medicines.
T43 4135-4281 Sentence denotes The vast majority of the deadliest diseases are partially preventable with better access to preventive procedures and quality healthcare delivery.
T44 4282-4471 Sentence denotes With the advancements in medical sciences, we have seen a drastic reduction in death rates for many devastating diseases in developed nations and to a lesser extent in developing countries.
T45 4472-4572 Sentence denotes A brief summary of the global medical challenges the humankind continues to face is presented below.
T46 4574-4580 Sentence denotes 2.1.1.
T47 4582-4601 Sentence denotes Infectious diseases
T48 4602-4658 Sentence denotes Malaria is an ancient scourge as old as humanity itself.
T49 4659-4758 Sentence denotes There are over 200 million new infections and around half a million deaths reported every year [5].
T50 4759-4897 Sentence denotes Despite many attempts to design effective vaccines, none has been successful at providing long-lasting benefits at a population level [9].
T51 4898-5079 Sentence denotes Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, with 10,000 million infections and 1.5 million deaths in 2018 according to the world health organization [10].
T52 5080-5161 Sentence denotes Likewise, viruses continue to compromise the lives of tens of millions of people.
T53 5162-5307 Sentence denotes Globally, influenza virus infects a 1 billion people and causes up to 650,000 deaths every year despite the availability of the flu vaccine [11].
T54 5308-5412 Sentence denotes Viral infections inflect heavy societal and economic burdens beside their morbidity and mortality tolls.
T55 5413-5676 Sentence denotes The past half century has witnessed deadly outbreaks of novel viruses of animal origin other than SARS-CoV2 such as Nipah, Hendra, Hanta, Ebola, several influenza subtypes, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) [12].
T56 5677-5883 Sentence denotes These outbreaks warn the urgency of understanding the factors influencing viral diseases emergence and spread as well as global preparedness to halt these epidemics from becoming a full-blown pandemic [13].
T57 5884-5962 Sentence denotes Multidrug resistance is yet another emergent global public health threat [14].
T58 5963-6170 Sentence denotes The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogen are responsible for more than 700,000 deaths per year, and is projected to cause a 10 million deaths per year by 2050 [15].
T59 6171-6367 Sentence denotes The World Health Organization along with several other organization have called an urgent action to tackle the spread of antimicrobial resistance and invest in development of new antibiotics [16].
T60 6369-6375 Sentence denotes 2.1.2.
T61 6377-6383 Sentence denotes Cancer
T62 6384-6450 Sentence denotes Cancer remains as the second leading cause of mortality worldwide.
T63 6451-6549 Sentence denotes In 2018, cancer have affected an estimated 18.1 million people and caused 9.6 million deaths [17].
T64 6550-6728 Sentence denotes A close watch at the statistics reveals that cancer kills around 10 million people every year; which is about 20,000 people every day; that correlates to one person every second.
T65 6729-6854 Sentence denotes The number of cancer deaths in the United States alone is predicted to increase to 946,833 in 2030 from 595,690 in 2016 [18].
T66 6855-7015 Sentence denotes These disturbing figures desperately calls for the need to develop early diagnostics, novel, and effective medicines as well as new drug development strategies.
T67 7016-7192 Sentence denotes Partial solutions to this challenge by precision medicine and immunotherapy has been firmly established, merits to the recent inventions in cancer genomics and immunology [18].
T68 7194-7200 Sentence denotes 2.1.3.
T69 7202-7214 Sentence denotes CNS diseases
T70 7215-7318 Sentence denotes Another significant growing healthcare need with a major economic and medical impacts is Dementia [19].
T71 7319-7534 Sentence denotes Globally, dementia affects around 50 million people, and over the past 18 years, the percentage of death among Alzheimer’s patients doubled while deaths resulting from stroke, and heart diseases have decreased [20].
T72 7535-7701 Sentence denotes In the US alone the number of Alzheimer’s dementia cases is expected to shoot up to 13.8 million and impose a health care burden of 1.1 trillion dollars by 2050 [20].
T73 7702-7801 Sentence denotes As of today, there are no medications known to reverse the progression of Alzheimer’s disease [21].
T74 7803-7809 Sentence denotes 2.1.4.
T75 7811-7824 Sentence denotes Rare diseases
T76 7825-7948 Sentence denotes Although individual occurrence is rare, collectively rare diseases is a problem affecting 6–8% of the world population [7].
T77 7949-8087 Sentence denotes The Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network was established by The National Institutes of Health (NIH) to address these unique challenges.
T78 8088-8156 Sentence denotes Among the 7,000 rare diseases, treatments are available only for 5%.
T79 8157-8319 Sentence denotes Altogether across the globe, there are 350 million people diagnosed with rare diseases and half of them are children, a third of which are below 5-years old [22].
T80 8320-8487 Sentence denotes There is a great disparity in access to orphan medicinal products (OMPs) and healthcare services among world countries despite mounting international initiatives [23].
T81 8489-8491 Sentence denotes 3.
T82 8493-8547 Sentence denotes Challenges facing the current drug development process
T83 8548-8648 Sentence denotes The lack of ample effective and affordable medicines is one of the vexing challenges faced globally.
T84 8649-8792 Sentence denotes It is imperative to generate novel treatment strategies, however, fair pricing and quick access to medicines remain a massive global challenge.
T85 8793-8924 Sentence denotes Chronic shortages and rising demands for critical drugs affect patient community with many dying from easily curable diseases [24].
T86 8925-9102 Sentence denotes To a large extent, present day drug development and discovery is controlled oftentimes by private entities which are driven by vested economic interests and boundary conditions.
T87 9103-9253 Sentence denotes This leads to the burden trickling down to patients, their families and carers either through lack of effective medicines or mounting financial costs.
T88 9254-9491 Sentence denotes Addressing these global issues is the need of the hour and a plausible solution could be devising new tools and technologies, novel methodological approaches, and infrastructural changes to streamline the drug discovery review processes.
T89 9492-9629 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the desperate need for new effective drugs raises a concern over the efficacy of many of the currently marketed drugs.
T90 9630-9821 Sentence denotes A study examining efficacy of solid tumors therapies approved by the FDA between 2002 and 2014, found only 30 out of 71 therapies (42%) to have modest clinically meaningful improvements [25].
T91 9822-9923 Sentence denotes Sluggish data sharing and irreproducibility of published research remains as another major challenge.
T92 9924-10076 Sentence denotes A 2016 survey of 1,576 researchers by the journal Nature found that over 70% of researchers have failed to reproduce other scientist’s experiments [26].
T93 10077-10273 Sentence denotes The challenges in drug discovery and development for academics, research communities, and pharma industries needed for successful drug development can be broken down to cost, risk as well as pace.
T94 10275-10279 Sentence denotes 3.1.
T95 10281-10294 Sentence denotes Cost and risk
T96 10295-10450 Sentence denotes The amount spent to develop an individual drug largely depends on the costs to conduct safety and efficacy studies and also to secure regulatory approvals.
T97 10451-10569 Sentence denotes Estimates for the cost for Drug development range from ~ 1 billion to whopping 11.8 billion for a single drug [27,28].
T98 10570-10687 Sentence denotes However, around 90% of drugs in development for human use do not reach the market due to safety or efficacy concerns.
T99 10688-10795 Sentence denotes Such failures can be due to lack of efficacy, safety issues, or a lack of funding to complete a trial [29].
T100 10796-11059 Sentence denotes In other cases, failing to maintain good manufacturing protocols and follow FDA guidance, as well as problems with patient recruitment, enrollment, retention and follow up can all compound to both complicate and increase the cost needed for drug development [29].
T101 11060-11254 Sentence denotes Given this mounting cost with little success due to high attrition rates, it is obvious that the drug development as a business model is very risky purely from an economical and financial sense.
T102 11255-11478 Sentence denotes Aside from the high cost/high attrition rates nature of the drug discovery process, other drugs, like antibiotics or orphan drugs, are often abandoned and don’t reach the market due to little or no commercial interest [30].
T103 11480-11484 Sentence denotes 3.2.
T104 11486-11490 Sentence denotes Pace
T105 11491-11635 Sentence denotes The process of drug research and development is extremely slow taking at least 7 to 10 years for a lead candidate to reach the marketplace [28].
T106 11636-11791 Sentence denotes This is mainly due to the rigorous process needed to ensure safety and efficacy through clinical human trial and as well as obtaining regulatory approvals.
T107 11792-11899 Sentence denotes Duplication and reproducibility are other factors that also contributes to the slow pace of drug discovery.
T108 11900-12125 Sentence denotes While duplication and reproducibility can be seen as a squander of time and resources, they remain essential to provide more data and evidence and ensure the safety and efficiency before they are prescribed to the population.
T109 12126-12372 Sentence denotes The devastating malformations of children born to women prescribed ‘Thalidomide’, to treat morning sickness is a stark reminder of the important of independent rigorous evaluation of a drug’s safety profile before its release for population [31].
T110 12373-12564 Sentence denotes A more recent example, hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19, highlights the importance of multiple and independent studies needed to demonstrate a drug’s safety and efficiency [32].
T111 12565-12766 Sentence denotes Other factors include, suboptimal collaboration or lack of meaningful collaborative efforts among academia, industry, and government institutions despite several effort to encourage collaboration [33].
T112 12767-12907 Sentence denotes This have led, on many instances, to academics and pharma sectors working on similar ideas in parallel, in secret, and often in competition.
T113 12908-13074 Sentence denotes Therefore, the establishment of a trusted and fair framework of collaboration and data sharing can both speed up the pace and improve the outcome of successful drugs.
T114 13076-13080 Sentence denotes 3.2.
T115 13082-13114 Sentence denotes Limitations and more of the same
T116 13115-13249 Sentence denotes A large number of drugs approved by the FDA in the past 10 years are new formulations of existing drugs referred to as ‘me too drugs’.
T117 13250-13439 Sentence denotes While in some cases these drugs have offered some improvements over older versions, in many cases improvements remain marginal with slight changes in side effects or activity profiles [34].
T118 13440-13587 Sentence denotes Since these drugs have identical mechanism of action to older versions their innovative value and overall benefit is oftentimes insignificant [35].
T119 13588-13700 Sentence denotes Additionally, the molecular effects of several marketed drugs remain unknown despite their proven effectiveness.
T120 13701-13841 Sentence denotes For example, acetaminophen is used by millions to treat mild to moderate pain while lithium is a first-line treatment for biopolar disorder.
T121 13842-13920 Sentence denotes Yet the exact molecular target and mechanism of action remain unknown [36,37].
T122 13921-14057 Sentence denotes Many diseases particularly those affect the nervous system like Alzheimer, Parkinson’s, and depression lack accurate biomarkers [38,39].
T123 14058-14239 Sentence denotes While progress is being made, the lack of reliable biomarkers remains another impediment for the accurate diagnosis, prognosis and effective drug development against these diseases.
T124 14241-14243 Sentence denotes 4.
T125 14245-14319 Sentence denotes From bench to bedside translational research: the breakthrough of the hour
T126 14320-14458 Sentence denotes The combination of basic research and innovation is arguably one of the greatest catalysts in creating a paradigm shift in drug discovery.
T127 14459-14733 Sentence denotes From the accidental discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming’s and Warfarin by Karl Link while investigating hemorrhaging cattle to the more recent discovery and development of the CRISPR/Cas9, basic research and innovation are fundamental to the drug discovery process.
T128 14734-14996 Sentence denotes No one could have envisioned that a routine effort to sequence bacterial genomes to improve yogurt production would ultimately lead to the development of CRISPR/Cas9, the revolutionary gene-editing tool with its seemingly endless utilities and applications [40].
T129 14997-15269 Sentence denotes Basic research continues to expand our understanding of fundamental biological processes which in turn paves the way to innovation in translational research and opens up exciting new arenas in personalized and targeted therapies such as gene and cell-based therapies [41].
T130 15270-15447 Sentence denotes While these innovations are still in their infancy [42] and come with a high cost [43], they hold significant promise with some exciting trial reports beginning to roll in [44].
T131 15448-15641 Sentence denotes With at least 5 clinical trials evaluating cell-based therapy to treat COVID-19, this approach along with gene therapy are likely to transform treatment options as we move into the future [45].
T132 15643-15645 Sentence denotes 5.
T133 15647-15657 Sentence denotes Conclusion
T134 15658-15858 Sentence denotes In summary, inefficient data sharing, irreproducibility of published work, high cost, high failure rates, and slow pace remain as significant challenges for the drug discovery and development process.
T135 15859-16138 Sentence denotes Over the past few years, many research institutions around the world have developed an infrastructure in collaboration with pharma companies, peer research laboratories/institutions, government/philanthropy organizations to crowdsource resources, share knowledge and assess risk.
T136 16139-16302 Sentence denotes The idea was mooted with the formation of the Academic Drug Discovery Consortium (ADCC) that aims at nurturing the academic drug discovery centers in the USA [46].
T137 16303-16493 Sentence denotes ADCC initiated a collaborative network to facilitate exchange of expertise and technical know-how, and the formation of partnerships among the participating organizations including industry.
T138 16494-16726 Sentence denotes In addition to academic drug discovery centers, independent researchers around the globe have registered from various organizations, including universities, pharmaceutical companies, government institutions and diseases foundations.
T139 16727-16843 Sentence denotes Many companies have also approached the ADDC for assistance in designing specific disease/ drug research areas [46].
T140 16844-17039 Sentence denotes The success of ADCC emphasizes the need for networking/ collaboration to harness the best possible avenues in the most cost-effective way for the rapid discovery of novel and effective medicines.
T141 17040-17197 Sentence denotes Very recently, an unprecedented effort, as ever in the history, has been made to avert the COVID-19 pandemic by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [47].
T142 17198-17356 Sentence denotes The NIH in collaboration with major drug companies and funders has announced a plan to conduct clinical trials employing drugs and vaccines to treat COVID-19.
T143 17357-17506 Sentence denotes Priorities have been designated for testing and development of selected drugs/vaccines to avoid duplication and wastage of time, money and resources.
T144 17507-17771 Sentence denotes The partnership called Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) is a collaborative network of NIH, government agencies in the U.S, pharma/biotech companies, academia and nonprofit Foundations of the National Institutes of Health (FNIH).
T145 17772-17927 Sentence denotes ACTIV is defined as an international strategy to evaluate data on most promising early drug candidates for clinical trials by efficient use of NIH funding.
T146 17928-18130 Sentence denotes The alliance will also study and analyze the genome of all SARS-CoV-2 strains, and how the virus infects various cell types and patients with different, underlining conditions, ages and genetic makeups.
T147 18131-18229 Sentence denotes This is what the whole world looks forward to, a global alliance for the benefit of the humankind.
T148 18230-18421 Sentence denotes Public–private partnerships, adaptive trial designs, and big data offers excellent avenues for innovating drug discovery and design process but face several challenges which must be met [27].
T149 18423-18425 Sentence denotes 6.
T150 18427-18441 Sentence denotes Expert opinion
T151 18442-18664 Sentence denotes We propose the need for establishing a consortium of various nations, academic institutions, clinicians, pharma companies, and funders to pave the way for efficient strategies to tackle the world’s major health challenges.
T152 18665-18887 Sentence denotes The consortium could bring in collaborative ideas that can quantify the benefits of open research to create a new ecosystem for the discovery and development of first-in-class effective and affordable medicines (Figure 2).
T153 18888-18897 Sentence denotes Figure 2.
T154 18898-19084 Sentence denotes Schematic representation depicting the challenges facing the current drug development process and proposed solutions toward rapid delivery of novel, affordable and effective therapeutics
T155 19085-19442 Sentence denotes Additionally, to maximize the opportunity from scientific advancements and to bring in the right therapies to the concerned patients in a timely manner, we propose the following imperative actions: enriched collaboration, crowd-sourcing, data sharing, improved patient access, and recruitment to clinical research, faster protocols for drug approval models.
T156 19443-19557 Sentence denotes The effort would bring in the best of global minds which would effectively contribute the success of this venture.
T157 19558-19768 Sentence denotes In addition, the above-mentioned scheme will also bring in various advancements in the field of scientific technology which would provide the necessary impetus to the sustainability and continuity of this idea.
T158 19769-20054 Sentence denotes In this desperate time ever, public–private partnerships and the extension of the precompetitive space among academia, industry, and government could offer solutions to the global health challenges and to rapidly deliver novel therapeutics that are effective and affordable (Figure 2).
T159 20055-20293 Sentence denotes And finally, what if a tiny fraction of the multi-trillion-dollar stimulus packages allocated by many nations to overcome the recession the world is experiencing now due to COVID-19, is apportioned for the proposed collaborative research?
T160 20294-20424 Sentence denotes We will leave it to the reader to imagine the potential benefit such an initiative can reflect on the global humankind well-being.
T161 20426-20444 Sentence denotes Article highlights
T162 20445-20525 Sentence denotes Patients desperately want effective affordable drugs and they want them quickly.
T163 20526-20602 Sentence denotes Drug development needs massive changes in the currently followed procedures.
T164 20603-20787 Sentence denotes Despite the advancement of technology, there are many unmet needs for the treatment of many diseases including infectious diseases, CNS diseases, Alzheimer’s, rare diseases and cancer.
T165 20788-20969 Sentence denotes Despite the alarming pace of serious diseases, the drug development community has not yet embraced pooling the crowd sources of science to implement new reforms in drug development.
T166 20970-21134 Sentence denotes Lack of enough global alliance, secrecy, duplication of efforts, cost, pace and reproducibility elements are among the mitigating factors that need to be addressed.
T167 21135-21191 Sentence denotes This box summarizes key points contained in the article.
T168 21193-21216 Sentence denotes Declaration of interest
T169 21217-21465 Sentence denotes The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
T170 21467-21487 Sentence denotes Reviewer disclosures
T171 21488-21584 Sentence denotes Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 22-30 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
3 2481-2489 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
7 1680-1685 Species denotes human Tax:9606
8 1747-1752 Species denotes human Tax:9606
9 1634-1642 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
15 2552-2557 Species denotes human Tax:9606
16 2755-2763 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
17 2905-2924 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
18 2930-2936 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
19 2965-2973 Disease denotes dementia MESH:D003704
21 4010-4025 Disease denotes deadly diseases MESH:D003141
24 4026-4031 Disease denotes Death MESH:D003643
25 4361-4366 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
27 4582-4601 Disease denotes Infectious diseases MESH:D003141
51 5154-5160 Species denotes people Tax:9606
52 5172-5187 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11309
53 5208-5214 Species denotes people Tax:9606
54 5290-5301 Species denotes flu vaccine Tax:335812
55 5511-5520 Species denotes SARS-CoV2 Tax:2697049
56 5551-5556 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
57 5566-5575 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
58 4602-4609 Disease denotes Malaria MESH:D008288
59 4690-4700 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
60 4727-4733 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
61 4898-4910 Disease denotes Tuberculosis MESH:D014376
62 4952-4957 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
63 4989-4999 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
64 5016-5022 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
65 5240-5246 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
66 5308-5324 Disease denotes Viral infections MESH:D001102
67 5396-5405 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
68 5592-5625 Disease denotes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome MESH:D045169
69 5631-5635 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
70 5637-5669 Disease denotes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome MESH:D018352
71 5751-5765 Disease denotes viral diseases MESH:D001102
72 6085-6091 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
73 6141-6147 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
75 6377-6383 Disease denotes Cancer MESH:D009369
86 6507-6513 Species denotes people Tax:9606
87 6626-6632 Species denotes people Tax:9606
88 6667-6673 Species denotes people Tax:9606
89 6384-6390 Disease denotes Cancer MESH:D009369
90 6430-6439 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
91 6460-6466 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
92 6537-6543 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
93 6595-6601 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
94 6743-6756 Disease denotes cancer deaths MESH:D009369
95 7156-7162 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
97 7202-7214 Disease denotes CNS diseases MESH:D002493
108 7364-7370 Species denotes people Tax:9606
109 7442-7450 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
110 7329-7337 Disease denotes dementia MESH:D003704
111 7418-7423 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
112 7430-7441 Disease denotes Alzheimer’s MESH:D000544
113 7465-7471 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
114 7487-7493 Disease denotes stroke MESH:D020521
115 7499-7513 Disease denotes heart diseases MESH:D006331
116 7565-7585 Disease denotes Alzheimer’s dementia MESH:D000544
117 7776-7795 Disease denotes Alzheimer’s disease MESH:D000544
120 8208-8214 Species denotes people Tax:9606
121 8265-8273 Species denotes children Tax:9606
125 8856-8863 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
126 9146-9154 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
127 9666-9672 Disease denotes tumors MESH:D009369
130 10618-10623 Species denotes human Tax:9606
131 10911-10918 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
139 11733-11738 Species denotes human Tax:9606
140 12159-12167 Species denotes children Tax:9606
141 12176-12181 Species denotes women Tax:9606
142 12194-12205 Chemical denotes Thalidomide MESH:D013792
143 12396-12414 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
144 12142-12155 Disease denotes malformations MESH:D000014
145 12434-12442 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
152 13714-13727 Chemical denotes acetaminophen MESH:D000082
153 13785-13792 Chemical denotes lithium MESH:D008094
154 13774-13778 Disease denotes pain MESH:D010146
155 13985-13994 Disease denotes Alzheimer MESH:D000544
156 13996-14007 Disease denotes Parkinson’s MESH:D010300
157 14013-14023 Disease denotes depression MESH:D000275
162 14585-14591 Species denotes cattle Tax:9913
163 14492-14502 Chemical denotes penicillin MESH:D010406
164 14530-14538 Chemical denotes Warfarin MESH:D014859
165 15519-15527 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
171 17987-17997 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
172 18056-18064 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
173 17131-17139 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
174 17347-17355 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
175 17543-17551 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
179 19209-19217 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
180 19346-19353 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
181 20228-20236 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
183 20445-20453 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
188 20714-20733 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
189 20735-20747 Disease denotes CNS diseases MESH:D002493
190 20749-20760 Disease denotes Alzheimer’s MESH:D000544
191 20780-20786 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369