Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T179 |
0-10 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Discussion |
T180 |
11-130 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this study, we evaluated the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM/A or IgG) with 14 different serological assays. |
T181 |
131-283 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As expected, we found that sensitivity was higher if the test was performed starting from day 8 after symptom onset, as compared to earlier time points. |
T182 |
284-458 |
Sentence |
denotes |
With the exception of one assay (Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG (DiaSorin), all tests resulted in a sensitivity for IgG higher than 87% starting from day 8 after symptom onset. |
T183 |
459-492 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Specificity ranged from 79%-100%. |
T184 |
493-587 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Recently, the first studies evaluating several commercial serology assays have been published. |
T185 |
588-702 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Geurts van Kessel et al [17]. studied three rapid tests, four ELISAs and a high throughput chemiluminescent assay. |
T186 |
703-824 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Sensitivity ranging from 81–100% was calculated by using a total of 187 sera from 107 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients. |
T187 |
825-998 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Specificity was determined using 147 serum and plasma samples from individuals exposed to human coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses with values ranging from 85–100%. |
T188 |
999-1215 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similar to our findings, the performance of the Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG (DiaSorin) was worst with a sensitivity of 81% (compared to 59% in our results) and specificity of 90% (compared with 100% in our results). |
T189 |
1216-1461 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The group of Haselmann et al [16]. evaluated the performance of two IgG ELISA assays and one IgG electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) based on 51 serum samples from 26 COVID-19 patients and another 51 serum samples from control patients. |
T190 |
1462-1525 |
Sentence |
denotes |
They report a sensitivity of 92–100% and specificity of 84–96%. |
T191 |
1526-1849 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The Austrian Red Cross Blood Service [15] evaluated 100 SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma donors and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were characterized using three different IgG-ELISAs (EUROIMMUN IgG and NCP-IgG ELISA, Wantai ELISA), two CLIA (Elecsys, LIAISON) and two lateral flow tests (MEDsan IgM/IgG-Rapid-Test, Wantai Rapid Test). |
T192 |
1850-1960 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The Wantai ELISA and the Elecsys provided the highest sensitivities in this sample (98 and 95 % respectively). |
T193 |
1961-2173 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Serrano et al [18]. compared the performance of 3 lateral flow immunoassays (IgM/IgG combined) to 2 ELISAs (IgA and IgG) in serum samples from 109 RT-PCR confirmed patients in different weeks after symptom onset. |
T194 |
2174-2248 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The IgA ELISA was most sensitive the first week after symptom onset (71%). |
T195 |
2249-2314 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The sensitivity improved to 97% for IgA ELISA in the second week. |
T196 |
2315-2416 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the third week IgA ELISA, IgG ELISA and 2 out 3 IgG lateral flow tests had a sensitivity of > 96%. |
T197 |
2417-2476 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The lateral flow immunoassays showed variable performances. |
T198 |
2477-2608 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pieri et al. also found that IgA detected by the ELISA assay might be a more reliable and stable early serological marker than IgM. |
T199 |
2609-2695 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Instead, IgG, as expected, showed stable level after 10 days from symptoms onset [21]. |
T200 |
2696-2752 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These findings are in accordance with our study results. |
T201 |
2753-2813 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Serological tests could be useful in some clinical settings. |
T202 |
2814-2927 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In our database, we found an added diagnostic value of serological assays in 2% of the COVID-19 suspect patients. |
T203 |
2928-3076 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies does not provide information on the presence of the viral RNA, it confirms recent or past infection. |
T204 |
3077-3212 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This is especially relevant in clinical cases where high clinical suspicion for COVID-19 which cannot be confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 PCR. |
T205 |
3213-3388 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The availability of these serological tests might avoid the need for more invasive sampling methods like BAL in the pursuit of diagnostic confirmation of COVID-19, especially. |
T206 |
3389-3454 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, serology can aid in infection prevention management. |
T207 |
3455-3661 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Nuccetelli et al. suggest screening flowcharts for asymptomatic workers that is based on serological assays, workers that have already overcome the disease are subjected to molecular screening methods [22]. |
T208 |
3662-3796 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Next the development of antigen detection assays are underway, which have the potential to rapidly detect active SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
T209 |
3797-3919 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As the pandemic evolves, more and more insights will be gained in the value of serology as well as antigen detection [23]. |
T210 |
3920-4003 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The main limitation of the current study is the limited number of samples included. |
T211 |
4004-4171 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Nevertheless, this study has evaluated the performance of 14 different serological assays and therefore could provide useful information in this stage of the pandemic. |
T212 |
4172-4317 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In conclusion, our findings show that sensitivity was variable but increased in a later stage of infection (at least 8 days after symptom onset). |
T213 |
4318-4410 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Interpretation of the combination of IgM or IgA and IgG resulted in the highest sensitivity. |
T214 |
4411-4622 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our data suggest that virus-specific antibody detection for SARS-CoV-2 can complement molecular testing for diagnosis of COVID-19, especially for patients presenting in the 2nd week or later after symptom onset. |
T215 |
4623-4682 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Larger datasets should be used to confirm current findings. |