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PMC:7781431 / 24080-36506 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
697 36-52 Disease denotes Virus Infections MESH:D001102
707 1055-1060 Gene denotes PD-L1 Gene:29126
708 842-881 Species denotes Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Tax:37296
709 883-887 Species denotes KSHV Tax:37296
710 661-677 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
711 1039-1044 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
712 1065-1081 Disease denotes Kaposi’s Sarcoma MESH:D012514
713 1255-1270 Disease denotes virus infection MESH:D001102
714 1361-1376 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
715 1385-1397 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
722 1492-1509 Species denotes Influenza viruses Tax:11308
723 1761-1776 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
724 2138-2153 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
725 1981-1990 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
726 1565-1577 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
727 1620-1635 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
747 2282-2292 Gene denotes annexin A1 Gene:301
748 2294-2299 Gene denotes ANXA1 Gene:301
749 2477-2482 Gene denotes ANXA1 Gene:301
750 2492-2496 Gene denotes FPR2 Gene:2358
751 2525-2529 Gene denotes ERK2 Gene:5594
752 2615-2619 Gene denotes FPR2 Gene:2358
753 2913-2916 Gene denotes SAA Gene:6287
754 3032-3036 Gene denotes FPR2 Gene:2358
755 3037-3040 Gene denotes ALX Gene:84941
756 3080-3084 Gene denotes FPR2 Gene:2358
757 3085-3088 Gene denotes ALX Gene:84941
758 2316-2325 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
759 2456-2467 Chemical denotes sialic acid MESH:D019158
760 2334-2342 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
761 2739-2754 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
762 2839-2851 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
763 2866-2881 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
764 2953-2957 Disease denotes COPD MESH:D029424
765 2982-3004 Disease denotes virus coinfection acts MESH:D060085
778 3522-3529 Gene denotes ChemR23 Gene:14747
779 3279-3294 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
780 3616-3621 Species denotes mouse Tax:10090
781 3773-3788 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
782 3475-3486 Species denotes Haemophilus Tax:727
783 3487-3496 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
784 3317-3329 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
785 3366-3385 Disease denotes bacterial infection MESH:D001424
786 3414-3431 Disease denotes lung inflammation MESH:D011014
787 3561-3578 Disease denotes lung inflammation MESH:D011014
788 3637-3652 Disease denotes viral pneumonia
789 3749-3758 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
796 3898-3902 Species denotes H5N1 Tax:102793
797 4395-4399 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
798 3860-3869 Species denotes Influenza Tax:11320
799 4147-4156 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
800 4386-4394 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
801 4477-4486 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
816 4628-4649 Gene denotes Herpesviruses 1 and 2
817 4651-4656 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
818 4661-4666 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
819 4694-4718 Species denotes human alphaherpesvirus 1 Tax:10298
820 4723-4747 Species denotes human alphaherpesvirus 2 Tax:10310
821 4779-4784 Species denotes human Tax:9606
822 4827-4832 Species denotes human Tax:9606
823 4785-4801 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
824 4855-4870 Disease denotes Chayavichitsilp
825 4919-4928 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
826 5073-5085 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
827 5122-5131 Disease denotes blindness MESH:D001766
828 5152-5161 Disease denotes keratitis MESH:D007634
829 5191-5206 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
839 5299-5302 Gene denotes CD4 Gene:920
840 5418-5422 Gene denotes IFNγ Gene:3458
841 5427-5431 Gene denotes IL-6 Gene:3569
842 5488-5493 Gene denotes IL-10 Gene:3586
843 5809-5813 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
844 5571-5580 Disease denotes keratitis MESH:D007634
845 5721-5728 Disease denotes corneal MESH:D003316
846 5770-5787 Disease denotes keratitis lesions MESH:D007634
847 5850-5858 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
851 5967-5994 Species denotes Respiratory syncytial virus Tax:12814
852 5996-6024 Species denotes human immunodeficiency virus Tax:12721
853 6030-6047 Disease denotes hepatitis C virus MESH:D006526
877 6703-6708 Gene denotes COX-2 Gene:5743
878 7052-7056 Gene denotes FPR2 Gene:2358
879 7057-7060 Gene denotes ALX Gene:84941
880 7065-7070 Gene denotes GPR32 Gene:2854
881 6048-6075 Species denotes Respiratory syncytial virus Tax:12814
882 6097-6102 Species denotes human Tax:9606
883 6134-6138 Species denotes HRSV Tax:11250
884 6144-6166 Species denotes human orthopneumovirus Tax:11250
885 6103-6114 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
886 6981-6992 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
887 6077-6080 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
888 6432-6435 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
889 6691-6694 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
890 7009-7012 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
891 7197-7200 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
892 6915-6946 Chemical denotes polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid MESH:D011070
893 7144-7149 Chemical denotes lipid MESH:D008055
894 6191-6213 Disease denotes respiratory infections MESH:D012141
895 6223-6231 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
896 6335-6363 Disease denotes respiratory tract infections MESH:D012141
897 6436-6445 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
898 6457-6470 Disease denotes bronchiolitis MESH:D001988
899 7234-7243 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
910 7255-7283 Species denotes Human immunodeficiency virus Tax:12721
911 7419-7424 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
912 7429-7434 Species denotes HIV-2 Tax:11709
913 7285-7288 Species denotes HIV Tax:12721
914 7436-7449 Disease denotes HIV infection MESH:D015658
915 7475-7500 Disease denotes immunodeficiency syndrome MESH:D007153
916 7502-7506 Disease denotes AIDS MESH:D000163
917 7564-7568 Disease denotes AIDS MESH:D000163
918 7593-7617 Disease denotes opportunistic infections MESH:D009894
919 7643-7649 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
935 7856-7861 Gene denotes TNF-α Gene:7124
936 7867-7881 Gene denotes interleukin-1β Gene:3553
937 8275-8280 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
938 8315-8319 Gene denotes FPR2 Gene:2358
939 8320-8323 Gene denotes ALX Gene:84941
940 8392-8396 Gene denotes CCR5 Gene:1234
941 8401-8406 Gene denotes CXCR4 Gene:7852
942 7758-7763 Species denotes human Tax:9606
943 7808-7813 Species denotes human Tax:9606
944 8239-8274 Species denotes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tax:11676
945 7721-7735 Disease denotes HIV-1 infected MESH:D015658
946 7777-7788 Disease denotes astrocytoma MESH:D001254
947 7826-7841 Disease denotes tumour necrosis MESH:D009336
948 8114-8129 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
949 8164-8173 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
969 8440-8444 Gene denotes FPR2 Gene:2358
970 8445-8448 Gene denotes ALX Gene:84941
971 8597-8601 Gene denotes CCR3 Gene:1232
972 8606-8610 Gene denotes FPR2 Gene:2358
973 8611-8614 Gene denotes ALX Gene:84941
974 8690-8693 Gene denotes Env Gene:100616444
975 8746-8750 Gene denotes FPR2 Gene:2358
976 8773-8777 Gene denotes CCR3 Gene:1232
977 8802-8809 Gene denotes ChemR23 Gene:1240
978 8934-8941 Gene denotes ChemR23 Gene:1240
979 9078-9082 Gene denotes FPR2 Gene:2358
980 9087-9094 Gene denotes ChemR23 Gene:1240
981 8852-8857 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
982 8862-8867 Species denotes HIV-2 Tax:11709
983 8511-8514 Species denotes HIV Tax:12721
984 8629-8632 Species denotes HIV Tax:12721
985 8833-8836 Species denotes HIV Tax:12721
986 8949-8958 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
987 9098-9111 Disease denotes HIV infection MESH:D015658
1018 9827-9832 Gene denotes GPR37 Gene:2861
1019 9954-9959 Gene denotes GPR37 Gene:2861
1020 10133-10137 Gene denotes FPR2 Gene:2358
1021 10138-10141 Gene denotes ALX Gene:84941
1022 10287-10290 Gene denotes SAA Gene:6287
1023 9554-9557 Gene denotes C5A Gene:728
1024 10338-10341 Gene denotes SAA Gene:6287
1025 10040-10043 Gene denotes SAA Gene:6287
1026 9113-9130 Species denotes Hepatitis C virus Tax:11103
1027 9401-9407 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
1028 9438-9443 Species denotes Lemon Tax:2708
1029 9651-9656 Species denotes human Tax:9606
1030 9132-9135 Species denotes HCV Tax:11103
1031 9271-9274 Species denotes HCV Tax:11103
1032 9527-9530 Species denotes HCV Tax:11103
1033 9541-9544 Species denotes HCV Tax:11103
1034 9594-9597 Species denotes HCV Tax:11103
1035 9773-9776 Species denotes HCV Tax:11103
1036 9808-9811 Species denotes HCV Tax:11103
1037 10026-10029 Species denotes HCV Tax:11103
1038 10079-10082 Species denotes HCV Tax:11103
1039 9778-9787 Chemical denotes Vitamin D MESH:D014807
1040 9312-9319 Disease denotes cancers MESH:D009369
1041 9328-9340 Disease denotes liver cancer MESH:D006528
1042 9342-9366 Disease denotes hepatocellular carcinoma MESH:D006528
1043 9389-9397 Disease denotes lymphoma MESH:D008223
1044 10112-10124 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1045 10151-10163 Disease denotes liver damage MESH:D056486
1046 10315-10327 Disease denotes liver damage MESH:D056486
1047 10349-10362 Disease denotes HCV infection MESH:D006526
1058 10376-10423 Species denotes Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
1059 10425-10435 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
1060 10449-10460 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1061 10583-10596 Species denotes Coronaviridae Tax:11118
1062 10663-10673 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
1063 10480-10504 Disease denotes 2019 coronavirus disease MESH:C000657245
1064 10506-10514 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1065 10519-10538 Disease denotes respiratory disease MESH:D012140
1066 10564-10572 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1067 10724-10730 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
1091 11517-11548 Gene denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Gene:59272
1092 11550-11554 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1093 11687-11692 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
1094 11694-11695 Gene denotes S Gene:43740568
1095 11015-11025 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
1096 11355-11363 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1097 11676-11686 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
1098 12300-12310 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
1099 10963-10967 Chemical denotes PGE2 MESH:D015232
1100 10984-10990 Chemical denotes lipids MESH:D008055
1101 11048-11064 Chemical denotes arachidonic acid MESH:D016718
1102 11066-11093 Chemical denotes dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid MESH:D015126
1103 11099-11119 Chemical denotes gamma-linolenic acid MESH:D017965
1104 11465-11474 Chemical denotes Elovanoid
1105 11591-11597 Chemical denotes lipids MESH:D008055
1106 11763-11776 Chemical denotes Elovanoid-N32
1107 12041-12049 Chemical denotes fish oil MESH:D005395
1108 11190-11210 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
1109 11256-11265 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1110 11327-11354 Disease denotes deficiency of SPMs in obese MESH:D009765
1111 11419-11439 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
1112 11986-12006 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
1113 12236-12257 Disease denotes inflammatory diseases MESH:D007249

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T16 842-858 Phenotype denotes Kaposi’s Sarcoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100726
T17 1065-1081 Phenotype denotes Kaposi’s Sarcoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100726
T18 2953-2957 Phenotype denotes COPD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006510
T19 3643-3652 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T20 3749-3758 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T21 5122-5131 Phenotype denotes blindness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000618
T22 5152-5161 Phenotype denotes keratitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000491
T23 5571-5580 Phenotype denotes keratitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000491
T24 5770-5779 Phenotype denotes keratitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000491
T25 6002-6018 Phenotype denotes immunodeficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002721
T26 6030-6039 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T27 6191-6213 Phenotype denotes respiratory infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947
T28 6329-6363 Phenotype denotes lower respiratory tract infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002783
T29 6457-6470 Phenotype denotes bronchiolitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011950
T30 7261-7277 Phenotype denotes immunodeficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002721
T31 7475-7491 Phenotype denotes immunodeficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002721
T32 7593-7617 Phenotype denotes opportunistic infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031690
T33 7643-7649 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T34 7777-7788 Phenotype denotes astrocytoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009592
T35 7826-7832 Phenotype denotes tumour http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T36 8245-8261 Phenotype denotes immunodeficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002721
T37 9113-9122 Phenotype denotes Hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T38 9291-9300 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T39 9328-9340 Phenotype denotes liver cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002896
T40 9342-9366 Phenotype denotes hepatocellular carcinoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001402
T41 9389-9397 Phenotype denotes lymphoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002665
T42 10761-10776 Phenotype denotes cytokine storms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041
T43 11026-11040 Phenotype denotes cytokine storm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041
T44 11161-11168 Phenotype denotes Obesity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001513
T45 11851-11865 Phenotype denotes cytokine storm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T242 0-52 Sentence denotes Role of SPMs and Their Receptors in Virus Infections
T243 53-216 Sentence denotes Because viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, viruses must enter target cells and multiply using host cell machinery to produce progeny viruses (Ryu 2017).
T244 217-317 Sentence denotes The various stages involved in viral growth that occur inside cells are called the viral life cycle.
T245 318-409 Sentence denotes The viral life cycle can be divided into three stages: entry, genome replication, and exit.
T246 410-538 Sentence denotes Entry can be subdivided into attachment, penetration and uncoating, and exit can be subdivided into virion assembly and release.
T247 539-580 Sentence denotes Genome replication differs by virus type.
T248 581-766 Sentence denotes Many studies are showing that SPMs regulate the inflammatory response caused by viral infections, but studies on the effects of SPMs on the viral life cycle have been difficult to find.
T249 767-801 Sentence denotes There have a few reports recently.
T250 802-1136 Sentence denotes For example, among SPMs, LXA4 modulates Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) life cycle through chromatin modulation and hedgehog signalling to destabilize the latency of herpes virus and decreases the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Kaposi’s Sarcoma, thereby reducing immune evasion (Fig. 3) (Asha et al.
T251 1137-1143 Sentence denotes 2020).
T252 1144-1283 Sentence denotes On the other hand, there are not a few reports that the receptors mentioned above for SPMs act as receptors in virus infection (see below).
T253 1284-1480 Sentence denotes So, in this section, we will discuss the effect of SPMs on the virus and the viral infection-induced inflammation and mention how the receptors of SPMs affect the life cycle of the virus (Fig. 3).
T254 1482-1491 Sentence denotes Influenza
T255 1492-1636 Sentence denotes Influenza viruses are a well-studied model for understanding the role of inflammation resolution mediators and the mechanism of viral infection.
T256 1637-1723 Sentence denotes This is because different viruses elicit different host immune responses and outcomes.
T257 1724-1947 Sentence denotes From studies comparing more virulent influenza virus strains to less virulent strains, it has been reported that pro-resolving mediators have an inverse correlation with the biological activity of the virus (Cilloniz et al.
T258 1948-1954 Sentence denotes 2010).
T259 1955-2057 Sentence denotes The more toxic strains of influenza induced reduction of LXs, which increased the spread of the virus.
T260 2058-2208 Sentence denotes LXB4 recently improved IgG production in B cells from donors vaccinated against influenza virus, suggesting potential as a novel adjuvant. (Kim et al.
T261 2209-2215 Sentence denotes 2018).
T262 2216-2360 Sentence denotes Annexin is the most abundant host cell protein in the virion, and annexin A1 (ANXA1) contributes to influenza-induced toxicity (Tcherniuk et al.
T263 2361-2367 Sentence denotes 2016).
T264 2368-2579 Sentence denotes That is, during virus entry into the host cell, viral hemagglutinin (HA) not only binds sialic acid but also ANXA1 binds to FPR2, resulting in activation of ERK2 and increased viral replication (Tcherniuk et al.
T265 2580-2586 Sentence denotes 2016).
T266 2587-2620 Sentence denotes RvD1 and LXA4 also activate FPR2.
T267 2621-2793 Sentence denotes It is still unknown whether RvD1 and LXA4 compete with viral annexin at the receptors site leads to the prevention of viral infection or the promotion of viral replication.
T268 2794-2895 Sentence denotes However, it is reported that AT-RvD1 reduces inflammation caused by the viral infection. (Wang et al.
T269 2896-2902 Sentence denotes 2017).
T270 2903-3173 Sentence denotes Increased SAA in recurrent acute exacerbations of COPD caused by bacterial and virus coinfection acts as a functional agonist of FPR2/ALX, antagonizing the protective action of FPR2/ALX by AT-RvD1, promoting chemotaxis of neutrophils and prolonging survival (Wang et al.
T271 3174-3180 Sentence denotes 2018).
T272 3181-3295 Sentence denotes There are no reports of direct research on whether RvD1, the same family as AT-RvD1, inhibits the influenza virus.
T273 3296-3386 Sentence denotes However, it promotes inflammation and removal of bacteria caused by a bacterial infection.
T274 3387-3514 Sentence denotes For example, RvD1 relieves lung inflammation and promotes the elimination of untypeable Haemophilus influenza (Croasdell et al.
T275 3515-3521 Sentence denotes 2016).
T276 3522-3675 Sentence denotes ChemR23, a receptor for RvE1, relieves lung inflammation and enhances antiviral immunity in a mouse model of acute viral pneumonia (Bondue et al., 2011).
T277 3676-3789 Sentence denotes Therefore, it would be fascinating to study whether RvE1 is effective in pneumonia caused by the influenza virus.
T278 3790-3859 Sentence denotes PD1 has pivotal and multiple roles in regulating viral pathogenicity.
T279 3860-3933 Sentence denotes Influenza strains, such as the lethal H5N1, down-regulate PD1 (Tam et al.
T280 3934-3940 Sentence denotes 2013).
T281 3941-4055 Sentence denotes There is an inverse correlation between the level of PD1 and the level of pathogenicity of various virus isolates.
T282 4056-4157 Sentence denotes In addition to the host’s inflammatory response, PD1 has a direct antiviral action against influenza.
T283 4158-4340 Sentence denotes Both PD1 and its isomer PDX (LOX-mediated double oxygenation) limit viral replication by interfering with the viral RNA nuclear transport mechanism (Fig. 3) (Imai 2015; Morita et al.
T284 4341-4372 Sentence denotes 2013; Baillie and Digard 2013).
T285 4373-4582 Sentence denotes Treatment of infected mice with PD1 improves survival, even if administered 48 hours after the onset of infection when the current antiviral therapy is no longer significantly effective (Fig. 4) (Morita et al.
T286 4583-4598 Sentence denotes 2013; Ng et al.
T287 4599-4605 Sentence denotes 2010).
T288 4607-4627 Sentence denotes Herpes simplex virus
T289 4628-4877 Sentence denotes Herpesviruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), with the taxonomic names human alphaherpesvirus 1 and human alphaherpesvirus 2, are the most common causes of human viral infections among the members of the human Herpesviridae family (Chayavichitsilp et al.
T290 4878-4884 Sentence denotes 2009).
T291 4885-5224 Sentence denotes Herpes simplex virus (HSV) ocular infection represents another example in which local control of the virus stems from a robust inflammatory response with long-term consequences of chronic inflammation, including the possibility of final blindness due to interstitial keratitis that persists even after the viral infection has been cleared.
T292 5225-5519 Sentence denotes In animals with HSV, topical administration of RvE1 reduced the influx of CD4+ T cells (both TH1 cells and TH17 cells) and neutrophils, decreased production of inflammatory cytokines including IFNγ and IL-6, and increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (Fig. 4) (Rajasagi et al.
T293 5520-5526 Sentence denotes 2011).
T294 5527-5581 Sentence denotes Overall, RvE1 significantly reduced stromal keratitis.
T295 5582-5650 Sentence denotes Similar results were demonstrated with PD1 (Fig. 4) (Rajasagi et al.
T296 5651-5657 Sentence denotes 2013).
T297 5658-5958 Sentence denotes Besides, AT-RvD1 treatment significantly reduced the degree of corneal angiogenesis and the severity of stromal keratitis lesions, and AT-RvD1 treated mice had fewer Th1 and Th17 cells in the infected cornea, as well as the reduced number of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils (Rajasagi et al.
T298 5959-5965 Sentence denotes 2017).
T299 5967-6047 Sentence denotes Respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis C virus
T300 6048-6301 Sentence denotes Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), also known as human respiratory cell fusion virus (HRSV) and human orthopneumovirus, is a virus that causes respiratory infections in which infected mucosal cells fuse to form a syncytium (Schweitzer and Justice 2020).
T301 6302-6431 Sentence denotes It is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospital visits in infancy and childhood (Read and Bosco 2020).
T302 6432-6602 Sentence denotes RSV infection results in bronchiolitis, which is classically caused by activated macrophages and eventually resolved by alternatively activated macrophages (Shirey et al.
T303 6603-6609 Sentence denotes 2010).
T304 6610-6783 Sentence denotes The promotion of these two alternative macrophage fates appears to be related to RSV-induced COX-2 and LXA4 and RvE1-mediated protective measures (Fig. 4) (Richardson et al.
T305 6784-6803 Sentence denotes 2005; Shirey et al.
T306 6804-6810 Sentence denotes 2014).
T307 6811-7084 Sentence denotes Also, although it does not directly act on the virus, RvD1 inhibits inflammatory signal transduction by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, an analogue of RNAs derived from respiratory viruses such as RSV, and the action of RvD1 is mediated by FPR2/ALX and GPR32 (Hsiao et al.
T308 7085-7091 Sentence denotes 2014).
T309 7092-7254 Sentence denotes These reports suggest the critical role of SPMs and lipid mediator class shift in the host’s response to RSV in the initial control and final infection clearance.
T310 7255-7435 Sentence denotes Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retroviruses) and are classified into two based on the genetic characteristics and viral antigen, HIV-1 and HIV-2.
T311 7436-7552 Sentence denotes HIV infection may progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a progressive failure of the immune system.
T312 7553-7671 Sentence denotes Over time, AIDS causes life-threatening opportunistic infections and a condition in which cancer thrives (Douek et al.
T313 7672-7691 Sentence denotes 2009; Powell et al.
T314 7692-7698 Sentence denotes 2016).
T315 7699-8012 Sentence denotes When co-cultured with HIV-1 infected mononuclear cells and human glial cells (astrocytoma, glial and primary human astrocyte), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β are produced, and large amounts of LTB4, LTD4, LXA4, and PAF, were also found in media from this co-culture (Fig. 4) (Genis et al.
T316 8013-8019 Sentence denotes 1992).
T317 8020-8130 Sentence denotes So far, this is the only in vitro study to prove, that LXs are produced in direct response to viral infection.
T318 8131-8206 Sentence denotes However, the role of LXs in this infection model has not been investigated.
T319 8207-8432 Sentence denotes Synthetic peptides derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 activate the 7-transmembrane GPCR FPR2/ALX, down-regulating the expression and function of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 in monocytes (Deng et al.
T320 8433-8439 Sentence denotes 1999).
T321 8440-8530 Sentence denotes FPR2/ALX acts as an efficient core receptor for the primary isolate of HIV (Shimizu et al.
T322 8531-8537 Sentence denotes 2008).
T323 8538-8648 Sentence denotes Viral entries through the alternative core receptors (CoR) CCR3 and FPR2/ALX depend on the HIV type 1 subtype.
T324 8649-8794 Sentence denotes Viruses pseudotyped with subtype A and C Env proteins use the recently described alternative CoR FPR2 more efficiently than CCR3 (Nedellec et al.
T325 8795-8801 Sentence denotes 2009).
T326 8802-8837 Sentence denotes ChemR23 also acts as a CoR for HIV.
T327 8838-8977 Sentence denotes At this time, HIV-1 and HIV-2 appear to use the N-terminus and the second extracellular loop of ChemR23 during infection (Martensson et al.
T328 8978-8984 Sentence denotes 2006).
T329 8985-9112 Sentence denotes As mentioned above, research is needed to determine the role of SPMs that act as ligands for FPR2 and ChemR23 in HIV infection.
T330 9113-9259 Sentence denotes Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae with a small (55–65 nm size) envelope (Lee et al.
T331 9260-9266 Sentence denotes 2017).
T332 9267-9421 Sentence denotes The HCV is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, abbreviated HCC) and lymphoma in humans (Ferri et al.
T333 9422-9450 Sentence denotes 2015; Rusyn and Lemon 2014).
T334 9451-9531 Sentence denotes To date, there appears to be no report on the effectiveness of SPMs against HCV.
T335 9532-9679 Sentence denotes However, HCV peptide (C5A), an amphiphilic α-helix peptide of HCV, is an activator of the N-formyl peptide receptor in human phagocytes (Lin et al.
T336 9680-9686 Sentence denotes 2011).
T337 9687-9777 Sentence denotes This suggests the possibility of interaction between RvD1 and LXA4, FPR families, and HCV.
T338 9778-9900 Sentence denotes Vitamin D metabolites inhibit HCV and upregulate GPR37 gene expression, which induces cellular autophagy (Gutierrez et al.
T339 9901-9907 Sentence denotes 2014).
T340 9908-10039 Sentence denotes PD1 was recently proposed as a new ligand for GPR37, and some studies suggest a possible relationship between PD1 and HCV (Fig. 4).
T341 10040-10190 Sentence denotes SAA also has antiviral effects against HCV, however, it induces chronic inflammation through FPR2/ALX, causing liver damage (Abouelasrar Salama et al.
T342 10191-10197 Sentence denotes 2019).
T343 10198-10363 Sentence denotes Although research has not been conducted yet, RvD1 and LXA4, which inhibit the action of SAA, are likely to suppress liver damage caused by SAA during HCV infection.
T344 10365-10375 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2
T345 10376-10662 Sentence denotes Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) refers to a coronavirus strain that causes 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a respiratory disease that is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic (Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of, 2020).
T346 10663-10791 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that infects the lungs and causes deaths through complications such as cytokine storms (Goldin et al.
T347 10792-10798 Sentence denotes 2020).
T348 10799-10977 Sentence denotes The anti-inflammatory action of mesenchymal stem cells is well known, and it is believed that these mesenchymal stem cells exhibit anti-inflammatory action through PGE2 and LXA4.
T349 10978-11160 Sentence denotes These lipids mediators alleviate the SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm, while arachidonic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and gamma-linolenic acid inactivate enveloped viruses (Das 2020).
T350 11161-11295 Sentence denotes Obesity is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a BMI of 30 kg/m2 increases the risk of infection by 61% (Bello-Chavolla et al.
T351 11296-11302 Sentence denotes 2020).
T352 11303-11451 Sentence denotes This is likely due to a deficiency of SPMs in obese patients, and this deficiency promotes adverse reactions during SARS-CoV-2 infection (Pal et al.
T353 11452-11458 Sentence denotes 2020).
T354 11459-11584 Sentence denotes LXA4, Elovanoid-N32 or RvD6 isomers reduced expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but NDP1 did not reduce it.
T355 11585-11755 Sentence denotes These lipids mediators also counteract the binding of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein to the injured cornea (Figs. 3 and 4) (Pham et al.
T356 11756-11762 Sentence denotes 2020).
T357 11763-11888 Sentence denotes Elovanoid-N32 or RvD6 isomers also attenuated the expression of cytokines involved in a cytokine storm and hyperinflammation.
T358 11889-12119 Sentence denotes Based on previous study results that have demonstrated SPMs as potential therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection, studies and review on the use of fish oil, an SPMs precursor, as an adjuvant are in progress. (Torrinhas et al.
T359 12120-12139 Sentence denotes 2020; Rogero et al.
T360 12140-12146 Sentence denotes 2020).
T361 12147-12419 Sentence denotes SPMs and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for other inflammatory diseases and can be quickly converted and used for SARS-CoV-2 management through the removal of cellular debris and inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (Panigrahy et al.
T362 12420-12426 Sentence denotes 2020).