Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T33 |
0-155 |
Sentence |
denotes |
SARS-CoV-2, like its predecessor SARS-CoV, employs spike (S) protein to enter into the eukaryotic cells by binding to the surface-expressed ACE2 receptors. |
T34 |
156-483 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Upon binding, S protein priming takes place by the membrane expressed protease TMPRSS2 or endosomal proteases such as cathepsin, elastase, and furin (which is specific to SARS-CoV-2) to induce fusion between the viral and host cell membrane (Hoffmann et al., 2020; Shang et al., 2020; Walls et al., 2020; Wang Q. et al., 2020). |
T35 |
484-761 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Following these well-coordinated events, viral genetic material will release in a biphasic manner, i.e. either by direct fusion with the plasma membrane or by following the endocytic route as shown previously for SARS-CoV (Belouzard et al., 2012; Shang et al., 2020; Figure 1). |
T36 |
762-1180 |
Sentence |
denotes |
An increasing list of cell types appear directly infected by the SARS-CoV-2, which include the alveolar epithelial type II cell (ATII) as the principal targets, and other cell types lining various tissues such as bronchial epithelial cells in lungs, goblet cells in the nasal cavity, macrophages, esophageal cells, pancreatic β-cells, and gastrointestinal epithelial cells (Li M.Y. et al., 2020; Sungnak et al., 2020). |
T37 |
1181-1275 |
Sentence |
denotes |
All these cell types express the S protein target receptor ACE2, albeit with lower expression. |
T38 |
1276-1423 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, ATII cells remain the predominant targets for SARS-CoV-2 as for SARS-CoV, which are involved in the sensing of the various viral proteins. |