PMC:7736111 / 114993-116188 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7736111","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7736111","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7736111","text":"Another vital aspect of lymphocytopenia is direct cell death by the virus during infections. HIV is a well-known example wherein CD4+ T cells undergo activation-induced cell death by the virus (Day et al., 2006; Petrovas et al., 2009). Though respiratory viruses are not known to induce T cell apoptosis directly, virus-activated secondary factors may be responsible. For example, T cell apoptosis was seen by the enhanced expression of death receptors during the infection of influenza virus (H5N1) (Boonnak et al., 2014). MERS infection was also associated with T cell apoptosis by the virus-mediated activation of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of cell death, resulting in their depletion from circulation (Chu et al., 2014). The MERS infection was abortive in these cells, suggesting indirect activation of cell death pathways. A few in vitro studies have shown low replication of SARS-CoV in T cells and the absence of any significant cell death (Chan and Chen, 2008; Wang X. et al., 2020). Whether SARS-CoV-2 infects, T cells are currently unknown, but it appears that T cell decline during COVID-19 cannot be attributed to direct cell death by the virus but to the exhaustion mechanism.","tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":24,"end":39},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A33","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T33","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001888"},{"subj":"T33","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"2665","span":{"begin":129,"end":132},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2666","span":{"begin":477,"end":492},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2667","span":{"begin":494,"end":498},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2668","span":{"begin":887,"end":895},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2669","span":{"begin":1006,"end":1016},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2670","span":{"begin":243,"end":254},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2671","span":{"begin":93,"end":96},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2672","span":{"begin":24,"end":39},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2673","span":{"begin":81,"end":91},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2674","span":{"begin":464,"end":473},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2675","span":{"begin":529,"end":538},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2676","span":{"begin":740,"end":749},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2677","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1107},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2665","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2665","obj":"Gene:920"},{"id":"A2666","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2666","obj":"Tax:11308"},{"id":"A2667","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2667","obj":"Tax:102793"},{"id":"A2668","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2668","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2669","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2669","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A2670","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2670","obj":"Tax:12814"},{"id":"A2671","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2671","obj":"Tax:12721"},{"id":"A2672","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2672","obj":"MESH:D008231"},{"id":"A2673","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2673","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A2674","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2674","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A2675","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2675","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A2676","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2676","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A2677","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2677","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"subj":"2665","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2666","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2667","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2668","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2669","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2670","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2671","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2672","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2673","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2674","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2675","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2676","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2677","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T676","span":{"begin":0,"end":92},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T677","span":{"begin":93,"end":235},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T678","span":{"begin":236,"end":367},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T679","span":{"begin":368,"end":523},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T680","span":{"begin":524,"end":730},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T681","span":{"begin":731,"end":833},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T682","span":{"begin":834,"end":997},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T683","span":{"begin":998,"end":1195},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T676","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T677","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T678","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T679","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T680","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T681","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T682","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T683","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PD-HP","color":"#93ecc8","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#ecae93"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#9493ec"}]}]}}