PMC:7723248 / 30410-32855
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7723248","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7723248","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7723248","text":"Surfactant\nSurfactants have been reported previously to enhance the inactivation of viruses [65, 66], which is in agreement with our results for Φ6. High concentrations of surfactant are very effective in inactivating enveloped viruses. For example, \u003e 4 log10 reduction has been reported after 1 h incubation in an 80 μM surfactin solution [67]. According to electron microscopy, the decay mechanism was concluded to be the disintegration of the lipid membrane and partial disintegration of the protein capsid on enveloped viruses. Since the initial concentrations of SDS in our droplets were much lower (3.4 and 34 μM), the magnitude of virus decay in our study was lower than previously reported.\nSince a lipid membrane is present only in enveloped viruses, the effect of surfactant on non-enveloped viruses is much weaker than on enveloped viruses [67]. Interestingly, we observed less decay of MS2 in droplets containing SDS compared to those without, suggesting a protective effect of SDS on the survival of non-enveloped viruses in droplets. Surfactants could protect viruses in a similar manner as proteins. Surfactants are known to strongly affect the surface tension of solutions, especially when the surfactant concentration is below the critical micelle concentration, beyond which micelles start to form and the surface tension of solutions remains relatively constant. Since the concentration of SDS examined in our study is much lower than its critical micelle concentration (8.2 mM), the presence of SDS in droplets could affect the surface tension and protect viruses from decay by hampering their ability to reach the air-water interface.\nTo our best knowledge, the effect of the chemical composition of droplets on the transmission of human or mammalian viruses has not been reported previously. Our results with model bacteriophages indicate that their survival in droplets is sensitive to the concentrations of different components in the droplets. This observation agrees with the findings from a previous study that investigated the effects of salt and protein on the survival of influenza virus in droplets; high salt concentrations were correlated with greater virus inactivation while protein protected the virus [17]. Since viruses must retain their infectivity to transmit successfully, our results imply that the chemical composition of droplets may influence virus transmission by modulating the survival of viruses.","divisions":[{"label":"title","span":{"begin":0,"end":10}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":11,"end":698}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":699,"end":1655}}],"tracks":[]}