Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T144 |
0-80 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In 1940, a new serotype of influenza viruses was isolated and designated type B. |
T145 |
81-119 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The first strain was named B/Lee/1940. |
T146 |
120-216 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Influenza B viruses have continued to cause respiratory disease in humans with antigenic change. |
T147 |
217-531 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although HA and NA antigenic differences within influenza B viruses (IBVs) are not sufficient to separate antigenic subtypes, there were sufficient antigenic differences to classify IBVs into two lineages: (i) Victoria lineage B/Victoria/2/1987-like and (ii) Yamagata lineage B/Yamagata/16/1988-like viruses [170]. |
T148 |
532-722 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Consequently, morbidity and mortality-associated seasonal influenza is currently caused by the two lineages of IBVs and two subtypes of IAVs, 1968-derived H3N2 and 2009-derived H1N1 viruses. |
T149 |
723-872 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In contrast to IAVs, IBVs infect mainly humans, although there are sporadic reports of IBV infection in seals, pigs, horses, pheasants and dogs [65]. |
T150 |
873-1065 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similar to IAVs, IBVs have eight (-)ssRNA genome segments and possess receptor-binding and -destroying activities on different molecules, homo-trimeric HA and homo-tetrameric NA glycoproteins. |
T151 |
1066-1248 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Clinically approved NA inhibitors (NAIs), including zanamivir, oseltamivir, laninamivir and peramivir, are now used for treatment of infection with not only IAVs but also IBVs [171]. |
T152 |
1249-1650 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Several chemical compounds that have been developed as anti-influenza A NAs, including Neu5Ac2en mimetics for minimizing side effects on human Neu1-Neu4 enzymes [172,173] and NA covalent inhibitors for irreversible NA inhibition [174] and Psidium guajava Linn. (guava) tea [175] and povidone-iodine that possess anti-influenza A sialidase activities [176] might be able to inhibit influenza B viruses. |