PMC:7696151 / 42913-47447
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1201 | 7-27 | Disease | denotes | Rheumatoid Arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
| 1216 | 462-467 | Species | denotes | women | Tax:9606 |
| 1217 | 858-862 | Species | denotes | rats | Tax:10116 |
| 1218 | 508-511 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1219 | 820-823 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1220 | 28-48 | Disease | denotes | Rheumatoid arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
| 1221 | 63-81 | Disease | denotes | autoimmune disease | MESH:D001327 |
| 1222 | 108-120 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
| 1223 | 198-218 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
| 1224 | 277-287 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid | MESH:D011695 |
| 1225 | 417-437 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
| 1226 | 565-578 | Disease | denotes | hyperactivity | MESH:D006948 |
| 1227 | 702-711 | Disease | denotes | Jancinova | |
| 1228 | 877-886 | Disease | denotes | arthritis | MESH:D001168 |
| 1229 | 1081-1093 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
| 1246 | 1274-1282 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1247 | 1724-1732 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1248 | 1933-1941 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1249 | 2329-2337 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1250 | 1211-1214 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1251 | 1348-1351 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1252 | 1512-1515 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1253 | 1744-1757 | Chemical | denotes | sulfasalazine | MESH:D012460 |
| 1254 | 1762-1765 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1255 | 1789-1792 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1256 | 1869-1882 | Chemical | denotes | sulfasalazine | MESH:D012460 |
| 1257 | 1955-1958 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1258 | 1288-1308 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
| 1259 | 1426-1435 | Disease | denotes | synovitis | MESH:D013585 |
| 1260 | 1440-1450 | Disease | denotes | joint pain | MESH:D018771 |
| 1261 | 2110-2114 | Disease | denotes | pain | MESH:D010146 |
| 1303 | 2662-2666 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 1304 | 2820-2826 | Gene | denotes | leptin | Gene:3952 |
| 1305 | 2953-2957 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 1306 | 2962-2968 | Gene | denotes | leptin | Gene:3952 |
| 1307 | 4131-4138 | Gene | denotes | insulin | Gene:3630 |
| 1308 | 4198-4205 | Gene | denotes | insulin | Gene:3630 |
| 1309 | 2347-2355 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1310 | 3170-3178 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1311 | 3533-3541 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1312 | 3699-3704 | Species | denotes | women | Tax:9606 |
| 1313 | 3801-3806 | Species | denotes | women | Tax:9606 |
| 1314 | 4095-4103 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1315 | 4471-4479 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1316 | 2690-2695 | Chemical | denotes | lipid | MESH:D008055 |
| 1317 | 2929-2932 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1318 | 3000-3003 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1319 | 3213-3224 | Chemical | denotes | cholesterol | MESH:D002784 |
| 1320 | 3277-3289 | Chemical | denotes | triglyceride | MESH:D014280 |
| 1321 | 3315-3318 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1322 | 3403-3414 | Chemical | denotes | cholesterol | MESH:D002784 |
| 1323 | 3429-3432 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1324 | 3598-3601 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1325 | 3759-3762 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1326 | 3790-3797 | Chemical | denotes | glucose | MESH:D005947 |
| 1327 | 4064-4067 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1328 | 4440-4443 | Chemical | denotes | HCQ | MESH:D006886 |
| 1329 | 2361-2381 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
| 1330 | 2528-2543 | Disease | denotes | atherosclerotic | MESH:D050197 |
| 1331 | 2593-2605 | Disease | denotes | hypertension | MESH:D006973 |
| 1332 | 2607-2614 | Disease | denotes | obesity | MESH:D009765 |
| 1333 | 2620-2638 | Disease | denotes | metabolic syndrome | MESH:D024821 |
| 1334 | 2765-2777 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
| 1335 | 3007-3019 | Disease | denotes | dyslipidemia | MESH:D050171 |
| 1336 | 3139-3159 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
| 1337 | 3547-3567 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
| 1338 | 3710-3730 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
| 1339 | 3985-3993 | Disease | denotes | diabetic | MESH:D003920 |
| 1340 | 4015-4035 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
| 1341 | 4285-4303 | Disease | denotes | insulin metabolism | MESH:D008659 |
| 1342 | 4417-4425 | Disease | denotes | diabetic | MESH:D003920 |
| 1343 | 4488-4497 | Disease | denotes | arthritis | MESH:D001168 |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T60 | 7-27 | Phenotype | denotes | Rheumatoid Arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T61 | 28-48 | Phenotype | denotes | Rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T62 | 63-81 | Phenotype | denotes | autoimmune disease | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002960 |
| T63 | 147-167 | Phenotype | denotes | Immune dysregulation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002958 |
| T64 | 198-218 | Phenotype | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T65 | 417-437 | Phenotype | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T66 | 565-578 | Phenotype | denotes | hyperactivity | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000752 |
| T67 | 877-886 | Phenotype | denotes | arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001369 |
| T68 | 1288-1308 | Phenotype | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T69 | 1426-1435 | Phenotype | denotes | synovitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100769 |
| T70 | 1440-1450 | Phenotype | denotes | joint pain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002829 |
| T71 | 2110-2114 | Phenotype | denotes | pain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012531 |
| T72 | 2361-2381 | Phenotype | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T73 | 2593-2605 | Phenotype | denotes | hypertension | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822 |
| T74 | 2607-2614 | Phenotype | denotes | obesity | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001513 |
| T75 | 3007-3019 | Phenotype | denotes | dyslipidemia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003119 |
| T76 | 3139-3159 | Phenotype | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T77 | 3547-3567 | Phenotype | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T78 | 3710-3730 | Phenotype | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T79 | 4015-4035 | Phenotype | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T80 | 4131-4149 | Phenotype | denotes | insulin resistance | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000855 |
| T81 | 4488-4497 | Phenotype | denotes | arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001369 |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T278 | 0-6 | Sentence | denotes | 2.3.1. |
| T279 | 7-27 | Sentence | denotes | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| T280 | 28-146 | Sentence | denotes | Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic inflammation and damage to the joints. |
| T281 | 147-377 | Sentence | denotes | Immune dysregulation underlies the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, leading to uncontrolled production of antibodies, mainly rheumatoid factor and citrullinate, involved in the autoreactivity against cartilage and bone [117]. |
| T282 | 378-474 | Sentence | denotes | It is estimated that the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis is around 1%, mainly in women [118]. |
| T283 | 475-650 | Sentence | denotes | The immunosuppressive effects of HCQ are due to the ability to modulate T-cell and B-cell hyperactivity, resulting in a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. |
| T284 | 651-887 | Sentence | denotes | As the involvement of neutrophils in this disease, Jancinova, Pazourekova, Lucova, Perecko, Mihalova, Bauerova, Nosal and Drabikova [75] investigated the impact of oral HCQ administration on these cells, in rats with adjuvant arthritis. |
| T285 | 888-1099 | Sentence | denotes | At doses of 40 mg/kg daily, per oral administration (p.o.), it strongly decreased the blood concentration of neutrophil-derived oxidants, involved in the tissue damage and the onset of chronic inflammation [75]. |
| T286 | 1100-1309 | Sentence | denotes | A 36-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial has evaluated the effect of the administration of HCQ in a dose of up to 7 mg/kg per day (maximum 400 mg/day) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. |
| T287 | 1310-1501 | Sentence | denotes | Within 36 weeks and during the study, HCQ showed statistically significant benefits on physical function, mainly on synovitis and joint pain, without side effects with respect to the control. |
| T288 | 1502-1577 | Sentence | denotes | Moreover, HCQ was associated with a decrement of corticosteroid injections. |
| T289 | 1578-1661 | Sentence | denotes | By contrast, no improvements in psychological function have been demonstrated [76]. |
| T290 | 1662-1912 | Sentence | denotes | Two comparative double-blind, randomized trials, involving 60 patients each, with sulfasalazine and HCQ have demonstrated that HCQ showed no significant differences among overall clinical effects respect to sulfasalazine, but presented a later onset. |
| T291 | 1913-2343 | Sentence | denotes | In the first study, patients treated with HCQ (400 mg/day for 6 months and 200 mg/day for the next 6 months) experienced time-dependent statistically significant improvements in morning stiffness, pain, swollen joints, together with a decrease in blood levels of immunoglobulin M and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [77], while, in the second study, the same treatment was associated to no erosions in the 12% of the patients [78]. |
| T292 | 2344-2464 | Sentence | denotes | In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the cardiovascular risk is more than doubled, compared to the healthy population. |
| T293 | 2465-2639 | Sentence | denotes | Chronic inflammatory status leads to an intensification of the atherosclerotic process, resulting in a higher susceptibility to hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. |
| T294 | 2640-2760 | Sentence | denotes | The overproduction of IL-6 is strictly related to lipid profile alterations, given its role in adipose tissue lipolysis. |
| T295 | 2761-2838 | Sentence | denotes | The inflammation and endothelial damage are exacerbated by leptin production. |
| T296 | 2839-2976 | Sentence | denotes | Batun-Garrido, Salas-Magana and Juarez-Rojop [79] found a significant correlation between HCQ treatment and lower IL-6 and leptin levels. |
| T297 | 2977-3342 | Sentence | denotes | The positive effect of HCQ on dyslipidemia was also confirmed by Morris, Wasko, Antohe, Sartorius, Kirchner, Dancea and Bili [80] in a cohort study involving 706 rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed patients, finding a significant and stable cholesterol-lowering, mainly Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride decrease associated with HCQ intake (6.5 mg/kg/day). |
| T298 | 3343-3573 | Sentence | denotes | A small but statistically significant amelioration in total cholesterol and LDL under HCQ treatment at the same dosage was also highlighted by a randomized, double-blind cross-over trial on patients with rheumatoid arthritis [81]. |
| T299 | 3574-3731 | Sentence | denotes | The correlation between HCQ and cardiovascular risk was also assessed in a cross-sectional observational study involving 177 women with rheumatoid arthritis. |
| T300 | 3732-3868 | Sentence | denotes | At doses of 200 mg/kg/day, HCQ usage led to lower fasting glucose in women, arising as a valuable tool to enhance glycemic control [82]. |
| T301 | 3869-4084 | Sentence | denotes | However, apparent different outcomes were derived from a randomized double-blind crossover trial, recruiting 23 non-diabetic subjects with stable rheumatoid arthritis to receive 6.5 mg/kg/day of HCQ for eight weeks. |
| T302 | 4085-4171 | Sentence | denotes | For these patients, no significant changes in insulin resistance were observable [81]. |
| T303 | 4172-4304 | Sentence | denotes | This study evaluated only insulin sensitivity, by Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index, without considering insulin metabolism. |
| T304 | 4305-4407 | Sentence | denotes | Thus, inconsistency should be explained by this factor, together with the short duration of treatment. |
| T305 | 4408-4534 | Sentence | denotes | The anti-diabetic properties of HCQ have been also assessed in patients without arthritis, as reported in the next paragraphs. |