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PMC:7696151 / 18612-23009 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
520 56-73 Species denotes Chikungunya virus Tax:37124
521 216-222 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
522 239-255 Species denotes Aedes albopictus Tax:7160
523 260-273 Species denotes Aedes aegypti Tax:7159
524 75-80 Species denotes CHIKV Tax:37124
525 183-188 Species denotes CHIKV Tax:37124
526 1021-1024 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
527 1057-1069 Chemical denotes methotrexate MESH:D008727
528 1071-1074 Chemical denotes MTX MESH:D008727
529 1083-1096 Chemical denotes sulfasalazine MESH:D012460
530 227-235 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
531 435-448 Disease denotes polyarthritis MESH:D001168
532 450-455 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
533 463-467 Disease denotes rash MESH:D005076
534 545-554 Disease denotes arthritis MESH:D001168
535 603-615 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
536 617-627 Disease denotes neuropathy MESH:D009422
537 629-655 Disease denotes neuropsychiatric disorders MESH:D001523
538 661-690 Disease denotes peripheral vascular disorders MESH:D016491
539 879-895 Disease denotes CHIKV infections MESH:D007239
559 1339-1347 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
560 1361-1366 Species denotes CHIKV Tax:37124
561 1119-1122 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
562 1294-1297 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
563 1450-1461 Chemical denotes aceclofenac MESH:C056498
564 1463-1466 Chemical denotes ACF MESH:C056498
565 1480-1483 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
566 1499-1511 Chemical denotes prednisolone MESH:D011239
567 1513-1516 Chemical denotes PRD MESH:D011239
568 1629-1632 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
569 1939-1942 Chemical denotes ACF MESH:C056498
570 1945-1948 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
571 1953-1956 Chemical denotes ACF MESH:C056498
572 1994-1997 Chemical denotes ACF MESH:C056498
573 2000-2003 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
574 2050-2053 Chemical denotes ACF MESH:C056498
575 1170-1179 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
576 1671-1686 Disease denotes CHIKV infection MESH:D007239
577 1734-1738 Disease denotes pain MESH:D010146
612 2219-2227 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
613 2476-2484 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
614 2649-2657 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
615 2973-2981 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
616 3198-3206 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
617 3663-3671 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
618 3006-3017 Species denotes chikungunya Tax:37124
619 2118-2123 Species denotes CHIKV Tax:37124
620 2268-2273 Species denotes CHIKV Tax:37124
621 2079-2082 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
622 2195-2198 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
623 2728-2731 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
624 2752-2755 Chemical denotes MXT MESH:D008727
625 2760-2773 Chemical denotes sulfasalazine MESH:D012460
626 2893-2896 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
627 2932-2935 Chemical denotes MTX MESH:D008727
628 2940-2953 Chemical denotes sulfasalazine MESH:D012460
629 3055-3058 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
630 3127-3130 Chemical denotes MTX MESH:D008727
631 3140-3153 Chemical denotes sulfasalazine MESH:D012460
632 3170-3173 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
633 3310-3320 Chemical denotes prednisone MESH:D011241
634 3587-3590 Chemical denotes MTX MESH:D008727
635 3613-3616 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
636 2378-2384 Disease denotes nausea MESH:D009325
637 2386-2396 Disease denotes stomatitis MESH:D013280
638 2398-2402 Disease denotes rash MESH:D005076
639 2404-2412 Disease denotes headache MESH:D006261
640 2437-2450 Disease denotes CHIKV disease MESH:D003141
641 2531-2540 Disease denotes synovitis MESH:D013585
642 3018-3027 Disease denotes arthritis MESH:D001168
643 3447-3451 Disease denotes pain MESH:D010146
644 3648-3662 Disease denotes CHIKV infected MESH:D007239
645 3701-3714 Disease denotes polyarthritis MESH:D001168
655 4081-4092 Species denotes chikungunya Tax:37124
656 4218-4221 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
657 3800-3815 Disease denotes virus infection MESH:D001102
658 3866-3882 Disease denotes CHIKV infections MESH:D007239
659 3912-3919 Disease denotes viremia MESH:D014766
660 4093-4102 Disease denotes arthritis MESH:D001168
661 4238-4255 Disease denotes viremia reduction MESH:D007022
662 4319-4328 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
663 4384-4396 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T11 450-455 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T12 463-467 Phenotype denotes rash http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000988
T13 545-554 Phenotype denotes arthritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001369
T14 617-627 Phenotype denotes neuropathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009830
T15 1734-1738 Phenotype denotes pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012531
T16 2378-2384 Phenotype denotes nausea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002018
T17 2386-2396 Phenotype denotes stomatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010280
T18 2398-2402 Phenotype denotes rash http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000988
T19 2404-2412 Phenotype denotes headache http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002315
T20 2531-2540 Phenotype denotes synovitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100769
T21 3018-3027 Phenotype denotes arthritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001369
T22 3447-3451 Phenotype denotes pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012531
T23 3912-3919 Phenotype denotes viremia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020071
T24 4093-4102 Phenotype denotes arthritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001369
T25 4238-4245 Phenotype denotes viremia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020071

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T134 0-6 Sentence denotes 2.2.2.
T135 7-24 Sentence denotes Chikungunya Virus
T136 25-172 Sentence denotes The single-stranded RNA virus, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is an alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family, spread mainly in America’s regions.
T137 173-293 Sentence denotes The usual CHIKV vectors are rodents, while humans are infected by Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti and mosquito bites.
T138 294-848 Sentence denotes The first incubation stage can vary between 2 and 12 days, and three phases follow it: (1) the acute viraemic phase, characterized by severe polyarthritis, fever, and a rash, generally resolving in three weeks; (2) the post-acute stage, identified by arthritis with the addition of synovial and periarticular inflammation, neuropathy, neuropsychiatric disorders, and peripheral vascular disorders, usually takes its time at the end of three months; (3) the chronic phase that appears when the symptoms of the previous phase do not end after three months.
T139 849-1118 Sentence denotes Generally, the acute phase of CHIKV infections is treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), while for the chronic persistent phase, treatments involving HCQ as monotherapy or combined with methotrexate (MTX) and/or sulfasalazine seem to be effective.
T140 1119-1254 Sentence denotes HCQ does not appear to affect the initial stage of infection, as demonstrated in a prospective randomized parallel-group study of 2009.
T141 1255-1376 Sentence denotes In this trial, combinations of NSAIDs, HCQ, and/or corticosteroids were assessed in patients with classic CHIKV features.
T142 1377-1544 Sentence denotes A total of 120 subjects were divided into groups treated with 200 mg/day aceclofenac (ACF), 400 mg/day HCQ, and 10 mg/day prednisolone (PRD) in different combinations.
T143 1545-1611 Sentence denotes Only 114 subjects remained until the end of the trial (six weeks).
T144 1612-1877 Sentence denotes It was seen that HCQ had no benefit in the early stages of CHIKV infection and also in the reduction of the VAS (used for pain assessment) and in the improvement of Barthel’s indexes (used for instrumental activities of daily living and activities of daily living).
T145 1878-1963 Sentence denotes In fact, there was no difference between groups treated with ACF + HCQ and ACF alone.
T146 1964-2065 Sentence denotes Similarly, the combination of ACF + HCQ + PRD did not add any additional benefit over ACF + PRD [26].
T147 2066-2147 Sentence denotes In contrast, HCQ seems to affect the improvement of CHIKV chronic phase diseases.
T148 2148-2288 Sentence denotes In a recent multicenter study, the efficacy of HCQ was evaluated in 39 patients with rheumatic manifestation related to CHIKV chronic phase.
T149 2289-2485 Sentence denotes In four subjects, the treatment was interrupted due to the onset of side effects such as nausea, stomatitis, rash, headache, while the evolution of CHIKV disease was evaluated in only 22 patients.
T150 2486-2671 Sentence denotes After three months of treatment, evidence of synovitis was disappeared in 10 of 20 subjects (50%) with swollen joins while complete remission was verified in five patients (19.2%) [27].
T151 2672-2818 Sentence denotes However, another study demonstrated that the effects of HCQ in combination with MXT and sulfasalazine were superior to those shown in monotherapy.
T152 2819-3028 Sentence denotes In particular, in a randomized controlled open-label study, the impact of HCQ in monotherapy or association with MTX and sulfasalazine was assessed in 72 patients with chronic persistent chikungunya arthritis.
T153 3029-3207 Sentence denotes In this trial, 400 mg/day HCQ were administrated to 35 subjects, while a combination of 15 mg/day MTX, 1 g/day sulfasalazine, and 400 mg/day HCQ was administrated to 37 patients.
T154 3208-3334 Sentence denotes Either treatment lasted 24 weeks and for the first 6 weeks, both groups received an escalated dose of prednisone (7.5 mg/day).
T155 3335-3457 Sentence denotes At the end of the 24th week, only the combination of drugs improved disease activity and reduced disability and pain [28].
T156 3458-3720 Sentence denotes These results, following those obtained in a previous uncontrolled 16-week study, since a reduction in ACR score was shown after MTX (15–20 mg/weekly) and HCQ (400 mg/day) administration to CHIKV infected patients with persistent inflammatory polyarthritis [29].
T157 3721-3823 Sentence denotes The results obtained could be explained with the different characterization of virus infection phases.
T158 3824-4108 Sentence denotes It is known that while the acute phase of CHIKV infections is due to the development of viremia, the chronic phase is closely related to an immune-mediated phenomenon, as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of chikungunya arthritis [44].
T159 4109-4397 Sentence denotes Therefore, considering the results obtained from these clinical studies, it is possible to say that although HCQ does not affect viremia reduction, as demonstrated by the lack of activity in the first phase of infection, it can improve the chronic phase diseases by reducing inflammation.