PMC:7675688 / 10111-15263 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

    LitCovid-PubTator

    {"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"120","span":{"begin":138,"end":148},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"121","span":{"begin":194,"end":202},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"122","span":{"begin":266,"end":274},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"123","span":{"begin":563,"end":571},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"132","span":{"begin":977,"end":993},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"133","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1060},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"134","span":{"begin":1256,"end":1272},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"135","span":{"begin":1309,"end":1320},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"136","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1341},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"137","span":{"begin":1372,"end":1388},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"138","span":{"begin":1062,"end":1065},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"139","span":{"begin":1408,"end":1411},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"145","span":{"begin":1763,"end":1767},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"146","span":{"begin":1735,"end":1738},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"147","span":{"begin":1743,"end":1748},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"148","span":{"begin":1531,"end":1539},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"149","span":{"begin":1715,"end":1724},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"152","span":{"begin":2140,"end":2148},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"153","span":{"begin":2363,"end":2371},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"157","span":{"begin":2936,"end":2944},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"158","span":{"begin":2575,"end":2583},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"159","span":{"begin":2950,"end":2958},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"175","span":{"begin":3039,"end":3047},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"176","span":{"begin":3074,"end":3082},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"177","span":{"begin":3182,"end":3187},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"178","span":{"begin":3351,"end":3356},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"179","span":{"begin":3366,"end":3374},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"180","span":{"begin":3429,"end":3448},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"181","span":{"begin":3558,"end":3577},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"182","span":{"begin":3668,"end":3676},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"183","span":{"begin":3686,"end":3696},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"184","span":{"begin":3751,"end":3756},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"185","span":{"begin":3848,"end":3856},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"186","span":{"begin":3862,"end":3867},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"187","span":{"begin":3994,"end":4002},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"188","span":{"begin":4110,"end":4118},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"189","span":{"begin":4148,"end":4156},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"202","span":{"begin":4363,"end":4373},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"203","span":{"begin":4881,"end":4889},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"204","span":{"begin":4404,"end":4412},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"205","span":{"begin":4563,"end":4571},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"206","span":{"begin":4625,"end":4629},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"207","span":{"begin":4635,"end":4643},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"208","span":{"begin":4652,"end":4680},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"209","span":{"begin":4724,"end":4732},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"210","span":{"begin":4784,"end":4789},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"211","span":{"begin":4819,"end":4824},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"212","span":{"begin":4899,"end":4904},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"213","span":{"begin":4993,"end":5001},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A132","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"132","obj":"Tax:169066"},{"id":"A134","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"134","obj":"Tax:169066"},{"id":"A137","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"137","obj":"Tax:169066"},{"id":"A178","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"178","obj":"MESH:D003371"},{"id":"A157","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"157","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A185","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"185","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A123","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"123","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A135","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"135","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A179","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"179","obj":"MESH:D006261"},{"id":"A177","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"177","obj":"MESH:D003371"},{"id":"A213","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"213","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A187","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"187","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A120","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"120","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A186","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"186","obj":"MESH:D005334"},{"id":"A153","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"153","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A189","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"189","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A204","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"204","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A122","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"122","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A159","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"159","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A207","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"207","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A208","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"208","obj":"MESH:D002318"},{"id":"A211","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"211","obj":"MESH:D005334"},{"id":"A205","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"205","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A138","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"138","obj":"Tax:12814"},{"id":"A182","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"182","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A180","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"180","obj":"MESH:D004417"},{"id":"A202","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"202","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A146","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"146","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A158","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"158","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A188","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"188","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A147","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"147","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A148","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"148","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A152","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"152","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A184","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"184","obj":"MESH:D005334"},{"id":"A136","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"136","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A175","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"175","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A145","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"145","obj":"Gene:3635"},{"id":"A133","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"133","obj":"Tax:12814"},{"id":"A206","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"206","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A176","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"176","obj":"MESH:D006261"},{"id":"A121","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"121","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A181","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"181","obj":"MESH:D004417"},{"id":"A203","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"203","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A149","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"149","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A210","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"210","obj":"MESH:D003371"},{"id":"A139","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"139","obj":"Tax:12814"},{"id":"A209","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"209","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A212","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"212","obj":"MESH:D005334"},{"id":"A183","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"183","obj":"MESH:D002637"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Results\n\nTimeline of the Outbreak\nBetween March 23 and May 18, 2020, a total of 1271 crew members (26.6% of the crew) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. An additional 60 crew members had suspected Covid-19 (Figure 1). Of the 1271 crew members with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19, 572 (43.0%) remained asymptomatic throughout the outbreak, 293 (22.0%) were symptomatic at the time that they tested positive, and an additional 406 (30.5%) were presymptomatic at the time that they tested positive. In all, 978 (76.9%) of the 1271 crew members with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 did not have symptoms at the time that they tested positive, and 699 (55.0%) had symptoms develop at any time during the clinical course.\nTesting for influenza-like illnesses had been conducted on a limited number of specimens before and after the start of the outbreak. Testing of specimens obtained from 5 crew members during the week before the outbreak identified 3 crew members who were positive for human rhinovirus or enterovirus, 1 who was positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and 1 with no pathogens detected. After the outbreak was identified on March 23, specimens from 16 crew members were tested: 10 crew members had no pathogens detected, 3 were positive for human rhinovirus or enterovirus, 2 were positive for coronavirus OC43 (not SARS-CoV-2), and 1 was positive for both human rhinovirus or enterovirus and RSV.\nThe outbreak epidemic curve is shown in Figure 2. In retrospect, crew members with symptomatic confirmed or suspected Covid-19 had symptoms as early as March 11, 2020, and continued to receive diagnoses up to the end of the analysis period. Epidemic curves according to sex and crew type show parallel infection rates for men and women. Although the ship docked in Guam on March 27, 2020, the outbreak continued for at least an additional 6 weeks.\n\nCharacteristics of the Crew Members\nThe crew was predominantly young (mean age, 27 years) and male (78.3%) and was racially and ethnically diverse. At the time of deployment, all crew members were in general good health and met the U.S. Navy standards for sea duty. Ultimately, Covid-19 cases were evenly distributed across sexes, races and ethnic groups, and crew types (Table 1). Enlisted personnel (90% of the shipboard population) appeared more likely than officers to have confirmed or suspected Covid-19.\nData were analyzed to identify higher-risk work spaces. Those working in tighter spaces (e.g., reactor, engineering, supply, and weapons departments) appeared more likely to have confirmed or suspected Covid-19 than those working in a combination of open-air and confined conditions (e.g., air and deck crew). Members of the medical department, who wore personal protective equipment when evaluating crew members, had a somewhat lower attack rate (16.7% [8 cases among 48 personnel) than the overall crew, despite being at highest risk as a result of exposure to patients with Covid-19 in a small space.\n\nSymptoms and Care\nAmong the crew members who had symptomatic Covid-19 (confirmed or suspected), headache was the most common symptom reported at any point during illness (occurring in 68.0%), followed by cough (59.5%), nasal or sinus congestion (43.8%), and altered sense of taste or smell (42.3%) (Figure 3). The predominant symptoms reported at the onset of illness were cough (32.8%), headache (31.0%), and altered sense of taste or smell (24.1%). Shortness of breath at any point during illness was reported by 20.3% of the crew members with symptomatic cases, and 7.0% noted shortness of breath as an initial presenting symptom. In addition, 26.2% of the crew members with symptomatic Covid-19 reported chest pain or chest pressure at some point during their illness. Fever was reported as an initial presenting symptom by 5.3% of the crew members with symptomatic Covid-19, and fever at any point during illness was reported by 13.2%. Measured temperature readings showed that 2.8% of the crew members who had Covid-19 had a recorded temperature of 100.0°F or above, as compared with 0.3% of the crew members who did not have Covid-19. Among the crew members with Covid-19 for whom pulse oximetry data were available, approximately 0.5% had readings below 95% while breathing ambient air, with 0.08% below 94% and none below 90%.\nOf the 1271 crew members who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 plus the 60 who had suspected Covid-19, 23 (1.7%) received hospital care, for a mean of 16 days after symptom onset. Four crew members (0.3% of those with suspected or laboratory-confirmed Covid-19) were admitted to the intensive care unit, 1 of whom died from Covid-19–related cardiovascular complications. Before hospitalization, crew members with Covid-19 who became hospitalized were more likely to report cough (68%), body aches (58%), and fever (32%) than those who did not. One third of hospitalized patients reported fever before their hospitalization, as compared with 12% of nonhospitalized crew members with Covid-19. During the outbreak, as a precautionary measure, admission criteria were revised to permit hospitalization of crew members with less severe symptoms."}

    LitCovid-PD-HP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":3074,"end":3082},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":3182,"end":3187},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":3351,"end":3356},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":3366,"end":3374},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":3429,"end":3448},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":3558,"end":3577},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":3686,"end":3696},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":3751,"end":3756},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":3862,"end":3867},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":4784,"end":4789},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":4797,"end":4807},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":4819,"end":4824},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":4899,"end":4904},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002315"},{"id":"A4","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735"},{"id":"A5","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735"},{"id":"A6","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002315"},{"id":"A7","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098"},{"id":"A8","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098"},{"id":"A9","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100749"},{"id":"A10","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945"},{"id":"A11","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945"},{"id":"A12","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735"},{"id":"A13","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033047"},{"id":"A14","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945"},{"id":"A15","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945"}],"text":"Results\n\nTimeline of the Outbreak\nBetween March 23 and May 18, 2020, a total of 1271 crew members (26.6% of the crew) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. An additional 60 crew members had suspected Covid-19 (Figure 1). Of the 1271 crew members with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19, 572 (43.0%) remained asymptomatic throughout the outbreak, 293 (22.0%) were symptomatic at the time that they tested positive, and an additional 406 (30.5%) were presymptomatic at the time that they tested positive. In all, 978 (76.9%) of the 1271 crew members with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 did not have symptoms at the time that they tested positive, and 699 (55.0%) had symptoms develop at any time during the clinical course.\nTesting for influenza-like illnesses had been conducted on a limited number of specimens before and after the start of the outbreak. Testing of specimens obtained from 5 crew members during the week before the outbreak identified 3 crew members who were positive for human rhinovirus or enterovirus, 1 who was positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and 1 with no pathogens detected. After the outbreak was identified on March 23, specimens from 16 crew members were tested: 10 crew members had no pathogens detected, 3 were positive for human rhinovirus or enterovirus, 2 were positive for coronavirus OC43 (not SARS-CoV-2), and 1 was positive for both human rhinovirus or enterovirus and RSV.\nThe outbreak epidemic curve is shown in Figure 2. In retrospect, crew members with symptomatic confirmed or suspected Covid-19 had symptoms as early as March 11, 2020, and continued to receive diagnoses up to the end of the analysis period. Epidemic curves according to sex and crew type show parallel infection rates for men and women. Although the ship docked in Guam on March 27, 2020, the outbreak continued for at least an additional 6 weeks.\n\nCharacteristics of the Crew Members\nThe crew was predominantly young (mean age, 27 years) and male (78.3%) and was racially and ethnically diverse. At the time of deployment, all crew members were in general good health and met the U.S. Navy standards for sea duty. Ultimately, Covid-19 cases were evenly distributed across sexes, races and ethnic groups, and crew types (Table 1). Enlisted personnel (90% of the shipboard population) appeared more likely than officers to have confirmed or suspected Covid-19.\nData were analyzed to identify higher-risk work spaces. Those working in tighter spaces (e.g., reactor, engineering, supply, and weapons departments) appeared more likely to have confirmed or suspected Covid-19 than those working in a combination of open-air and confined conditions (e.g., air and deck crew). Members of the medical department, who wore personal protective equipment when evaluating crew members, had a somewhat lower attack rate (16.7% [8 cases among 48 personnel) than the overall crew, despite being at highest risk as a result of exposure to patients with Covid-19 in a small space.\n\nSymptoms and Care\nAmong the crew members who had symptomatic Covid-19 (confirmed or suspected), headache was the most common symptom reported at any point during illness (occurring in 68.0%), followed by cough (59.5%), nasal or sinus congestion (43.8%), and altered sense of taste or smell (42.3%) (Figure 3). The predominant symptoms reported at the onset of illness were cough (32.8%), headache (31.0%), and altered sense of taste or smell (24.1%). Shortness of breath at any point during illness was reported by 20.3% of the crew members with symptomatic cases, and 7.0% noted shortness of breath as an initial presenting symptom. In addition, 26.2% of the crew members with symptomatic Covid-19 reported chest pain or chest pressure at some point during their illness. Fever was reported as an initial presenting symptom by 5.3% of the crew members with symptomatic Covid-19, and fever at any point during illness was reported by 13.2%. Measured temperature readings showed that 2.8% of the crew members who had Covid-19 had a recorded temperature of 100.0°F or above, as compared with 0.3% of the crew members who did not have Covid-19. Among the crew members with Covid-19 for whom pulse oximetry data were available, approximately 0.5% had readings below 95% while breathing ambient air, with 0.08% below 94% and none below 90%.\nOf the 1271 crew members who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 plus the 60 who had suspected Covid-19, 23 (1.7%) received hospital care, for a mean of 16 days after symptom onset. Four crew members (0.3% of those with suspected or laboratory-confirmed Covid-19) were admitted to the intensive care unit, 1 of whom died from Covid-19–related cardiovascular complications. Before hospitalization, crew members with Covid-19 who became hospitalized were more likely to report cough (68%), body aches (58%), and fever (32%) than those who did not. One third of hospitalized patients reported fever before their hospitalization, as compared with 12% of nonhospitalized crew members with Covid-19. During the outbreak, as a precautionary measure, admission criteria were revised to permit hospitalization of crew members with less severe symptoms."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T86","span":{"begin":0,"end":7},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T87","span":{"begin":9,"end":33},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":34,"end":149},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":150,"end":214},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":215,"end":491},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":492,"end":709},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":710,"end":842},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":843,"end":1101},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":1102,"end":1192},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":1193,"end":1412},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":1413,"end":1462},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":1463,"end":1653},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1749},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":1750,"end":1860},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":1862,"end":1897},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":1898,"end":2009},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":2010,"end":2098},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":2099,"end":2127},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":2128,"end":2243},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":2244,"end":2372},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":2373,"end":2428},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":2429,"end":2682},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":2683,"end":2976},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":2978,"end":2995},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":2996,"end":3287},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T111","span":{"begin":3288,"end":3428},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T112","span":{"begin":3429,"end":3611},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T113","span":{"begin":3612,"end":3750},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T114","span":{"begin":3751,"end":3918},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T115","span":{"begin":3919,"end":4119},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T116","span":{"begin":4120,"end":4313},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T117","span":{"begin":4314,"end":4490},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T118","span":{"begin":4491,"end":4681},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T119","span":{"begin":4682,"end":4854},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T120","span":{"begin":4855,"end":5002},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":5003,"end":5152},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Results\n\nTimeline of the Outbreak\nBetween March 23 and May 18, 2020, a total of 1271 crew members (26.6% of the crew) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. An additional 60 crew members had suspected Covid-19 (Figure 1). Of the 1271 crew members with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19, 572 (43.0%) remained asymptomatic throughout the outbreak, 293 (22.0%) were symptomatic at the time that they tested positive, and an additional 406 (30.5%) were presymptomatic at the time that they tested positive. In all, 978 (76.9%) of the 1271 crew members with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 did not have symptoms at the time that they tested positive, and 699 (55.0%) had symptoms develop at any time during the clinical course.\nTesting for influenza-like illnesses had been conducted on a limited number of specimens before and after the start of the outbreak. Testing of specimens obtained from 5 crew members during the week before the outbreak identified 3 crew members who were positive for human rhinovirus or enterovirus, 1 who was positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and 1 with no pathogens detected. After the outbreak was identified on March 23, specimens from 16 crew members were tested: 10 crew members had no pathogens detected, 3 were positive for human rhinovirus or enterovirus, 2 were positive for coronavirus OC43 (not SARS-CoV-2), and 1 was positive for both human rhinovirus or enterovirus and RSV.\nThe outbreak epidemic curve is shown in Figure 2. In retrospect, crew members with symptomatic confirmed or suspected Covid-19 had symptoms as early as March 11, 2020, and continued to receive diagnoses up to the end of the analysis period. Epidemic curves according to sex and crew type show parallel infection rates for men and women. Although the ship docked in Guam on March 27, 2020, the outbreak continued for at least an additional 6 weeks.\n\nCharacteristics of the Crew Members\nThe crew was predominantly young (mean age, 27 years) and male (78.3%) and was racially and ethnically diverse. At the time of deployment, all crew members were in general good health and met the U.S. Navy standards for sea duty. Ultimately, Covid-19 cases were evenly distributed across sexes, races and ethnic groups, and crew types (Table 1). Enlisted personnel (90% of the shipboard population) appeared more likely than officers to have confirmed or suspected Covid-19.\nData were analyzed to identify higher-risk work spaces. Those working in tighter spaces (e.g., reactor, engineering, supply, and weapons departments) appeared more likely to have confirmed or suspected Covid-19 than those working in a combination of open-air and confined conditions (e.g., air and deck crew). Members of the medical department, who wore personal protective equipment when evaluating crew members, had a somewhat lower attack rate (16.7% [8 cases among 48 personnel) than the overall crew, despite being at highest risk as a result of exposure to patients with Covid-19 in a small space.\n\nSymptoms and Care\nAmong the crew members who had symptomatic Covid-19 (confirmed or suspected), headache was the most common symptom reported at any point during illness (occurring in 68.0%), followed by cough (59.5%), nasal or sinus congestion (43.8%), and altered sense of taste or smell (42.3%) (Figure 3). The predominant symptoms reported at the onset of illness were cough (32.8%), headache (31.0%), and altered sense of taste or smell (24.1%). Shortness of breath at any point during illness was reported by 20.3% of the crew members with symptomatic cases, and 7.0% noted shortness of breath as an initial presenting symptom. In addition, 26.2% of the crew members with symptomatic Covid-19 reported chest pain or chest pressure at some point during their illness. Fever was reported as an initial presenting symptom by 5.3% of the crew members with symptomatic Covid-19, and fever at any point during illness was reported by 13.2%. Measured temperature readings showed that 2.8% of the crew members who had Covid-19 had a recorded temperature of 100.0°F or above, as compared with 0.3% of the crew members who did not have Covid-19. Among the crew members with Covid-19 for whom pulse oximetry data were available, approximately 0.5% had readings below 95% while breathing ambient air, with 0.08% below 94% and none below 90%.\nOf the 1271 crew members who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 plus the 60 who had suspected Covid-19, 23 (1.7%) received hospital care, for a mean of 16 days after symptom onset. Four crew members (0.3% of those with suspected or laboratory-confirmed Covid-19) were admitted to the intensive care unit, 1 of whom died from Covid-19–related cardiovascular complications. Before hospitalization, crew members with Covid-19 who became hospitalized were more likely to report cough (68%), body aches (58%), and fever (32%) than those who did not. One third of hospitalized patients reported fever before their hospitalization, as compared with 12% of nonhospitalized crew members with Covid-19. During the outbreak, as a precautionary measure, admission criteria were revised to permit hospitalization of crew members with less severe symptoms."}