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LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T10 3541-3557 Phenotype denotes highly sensitive http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041092

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
171 163-168 Gene denotes ORF1b Gene:43740578
172 105-109 Gene denotes LAMP Gene:27074
173 85-95 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
174 267-277 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
175 938-948 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
178 1049-1054 Chemical denotes Water MESH:D014867
179 1269-1274 Chemical denotes Water MESH:D014867
188 1595-1603 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
189 1639-1656 Species denotes human coronavirus Tax:694448
190 1660-1670 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
191 1676-1686 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
192 1742-1750 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
193 1796-1806 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
194 1899-1907 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
195 2094-2104 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
197 2133-2137 Gene denotes LAMP Gene:27074
199 2163-2173 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
203 3153-3158 Gene denotes ORF1b Gene:43740578
204 3466-3471 Gene denotes ORF1b Gene:43740578
205 2554-2564 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
207 3698-3703 Chemical denotes Water MESH:D014867
214 5186-5191 Species denotes human Tax:9606
215 5242-5252 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
216 5358-5368 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
217 5446-5456 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
218 5769-5779 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
219 6645-6655 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
221 6793-6798 Chemical denotes Water MESH:D014867
228 8707-8715 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
229 8838-8867 Chemical denotes Hank's Balanced Salt Solution
230 8869-8873 Chemical denotes HBSS
231 8919-8944 Chemical denotes phosphate-buffered saline
232 8946-8949 Chemical denotes PBS
233 8698-8706 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
235 9078-9088 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
237 9348-9358 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
240 9637-9640 Chemical denotes PBS
241 9644-9648 Chemical denotes HBSS
247 9738-9741 Chemical denotes PBS
248 9760-9763 Chemical denotes PBS
249 9911-9915 Chemical denotes HBSS
250 10041-10045 Chemical denotes HBSS
251 10174-10178 Chemical denotes HBSS
255 10335-10339 Gene denotes LAMP Gene:27074
256 10378-10382 Chemical denotes HBSS
257 10387-10390 Chemical denotes PBS
259 10475-10485 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
263 11156-11161 Gene denotes ORF1b Gene:43740578
264 11260-11270 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
265 12303-12323 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T88 0-7 Sentence denotes Results
T89 9-68 Sentence denotes Sensitivity of RT-LAMP assay using in vitro synthesized RNA
T90 69-214 Sentence denotes We designed two SARS-CoV-2 specific LAMP primer sets that targeted conserved sequences in the ORF1b region (name: ORF1b-1 and ORF1b-2) (Table 1).
T91 215-406 Sentence denotes To examine the sensitivity of the RT-LAMP assay for SARS-CoV-2, serial 10-fold dilutions of in vitro synthesized RNA possessing the target sequence of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain were used as template.
T92 407-591 Sentence denotes All (6/6) or 83% (5/6) of the reactions with 50 copies of RNA yielded positive results with ORF1b-1 (RT-LAMP/ORF1b-1) or ORF 1b-2 primer sets (RT-LAMP/ORF1b-2), respectively (Table 2).
T93 592-690 Sentence denotes Additionally, RT-LAMP/ORF1b-1 could detect samples containing 5 RNA copies once in six replicates.
T94 691-827 Sentence denotes Moreover, both RT-LAMP/ORF1b-1 and RT-LAMP/ORF1b-2 could detect 500 RNA copies within 8 min and 50 RNA copies within 11.8 min (Table 2).
T95 828-953 Sentence denotes These results indicate that this RT-LAMP assay can be used as a rapid and sensitive test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
T96 954-1011 Sentence denotes Table 2 Sensitivity and detection time of RT-LAMP assay.
T97 1012-1019 Sentence denotes ORF1b-1
T98 1020-1054 Sentence denotes Copies/reaction 500 50 5 Water
T99 1055-1081 Sentence denotes Time (min) 7.5 9.0 - -
T100 1082-1099 Sentence denotes 7.3 8.8 10.5 -
T101 1100-1115 Sentence denotes 8.0 11.8 - -
T102 1116-1128 Sentence denotes 6.8 9.3 -
T103 1129-1143 Sentence denotes 6.8 9.0 - -
T104 1144-1158 Sentence denotes 7.3 8.5 - -
T105 1159-1182 Sentence denotes Average 7.3 9.4 - -
T106 1183-1201 Sentence denotes SD 0.4 1.1 - -
T107 1202-1230 Sentence denotes Positive 6/6 6/6 1/6 0/6
T108 1231-1238 Sentence denotes ORF1b-2
T109 1239-1274 Sentence denotes Copies/ reaction 500 50 5 Water
T110 1275-1302 Sentence denotes Time (min) 8.0 11.8 - -
T111 1303-1315 Sentence denotes 7.8 - - -
T112 1316-1331 Sentence denotes 7.3 11.5 - -
T113 1332-1346 Sentence denotes 7.5 9.0 - -
T114 1347-1361 Sentence denotes 7.3 9.5 - -
T115 1362-1377 Sentence denotes 6.8 10.3 - -
T116 1378-1402 Sentence denotes Average 7.4 10.4 - -
T117 1403-1421 Sentence denotes SD 0.4 1.1 - -
T118 1422-1450 Sentence denotes Positive 6/6 5/6 0/6 0/6
T119 1452-1480 Sentence denotes Specificity of RT-LAMP assay
T120 1481-1714 Sentence denotes Following this, to examine the specificity of the RT-LAMP assay, we performed the assay using RNAs extracted from SARS-CoV, which is the most closely related human coronavirus to SARS-CoV-2, and SARS-CoV-2 (n = 2 for each viral RNA).
T121 1715-1869 Sentence denotes The RT-LAMP did not detect SARS-CoV RNA regardless of the primer set used, while SARS-CoV-2 RNA was successfully detected with both primer sets (Table 3).
T122 1870-2024 Sentence denotes We confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV RNA using RT-qPCR with WHO primer (Table 3, Ct = 27.5 (7,780 copies) and 27.7 (6,890 copies) in duplicated samples).
T123 2025-2105 Sentence denotes These results indicate that our RT-LAMP assay is highly specific for SARS-CoV-2.
T124 2106-2144 Sentence denotes Table 3 Specificity of RT-LAMP assay.
T125 2145-2173 Sentence denotes Primer set SARS SARS-CoV-2
T126 2174-2211 Sentence denotes RT-LAMP(min) ORF1b-1 - - + (11.5)
T127 2212-2235 Sentence denotes ORF1b-2 - - + (9.75)
T128 2236-2273 Sentence denotes RT-qPCR (Ct) WHO + (27.5) + (27.7)
T129 2275-2337 Sentence denotes Sensitivity comparison between RT-LAMP assay and RT-qPCR assay
T130 2338-2611 Sentence denotes To compare the sensitivity of RT-LAMP/ORF1b-1, RT-LAMP/ORF1b-2, and RT-qPCR assays using the NIID (RT-qPCR/NIID) or the WHO (RT-qPCR/WHO) primer sets, we prepared 10-fold serial dilutions of viral RNA extracted from SARS-CoV-2 JPN/TY/WK-521 strain (GISAID: EPI-ISL-408667).
T131 2612-2724 Sentence denotes All RT-LAMP and RT-qPCR assays could detect the viral RNA in all samples of dilutions lower than 10−4 (Table 4).
T132 2725-2783 Sentence denotes The average detection time of RT-LAMP assays was 12.8 min.
T133 2784-2980 Sentence denotes The Ct values of the RT-qPCR/NIID and RT-qPCR/WHO for 10−4 dilution samples were 37.75±0.21 and 35.81±0.19, which corresponded to 15.9±2.2 and 26.7±4.0 copies per reaction, respectively (Table 4).
T134 2981-3127 Sentence denotes In addition, RT-qPCR/NIID and RT-qPCR/WHO assays detected the 10−5 dilution of the viral RNA samples twice and once in 3 replicates, respectively.
T135 3128-3298 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the RT-LAMP/ORF1b-1 assay also detected the 10−5 virus dilution once in 3 replicates; although, the RT-LAMP/ORF1b-2 failed to detect these samples (Table 4).
T136 3299-3409 Sentence denotes The 10−5 dilution was estimated to include 5.6 copies in RT-qPCR/NIID and 2.6 copies in RT-qPCR/WHO (Table 4).
T137 3410-3575 Sentence denotes Taken together, these results indicate that the RT-LAMP/ORF1b-1 assay has almost the same sensitivity as RT-qPCR assay, which is a highly sensitive detection method.
T138 3576-3646 Sentence denotes Table 4 Comparison of sensitivity between RT-qPCR and RT-LAMP assays.
T139 3647-3673 Sentence denotes Dilution rate of viral RNA
T140 3674-3703 Sentence denotes 10−2 10−3 10−4 10−5 Water
T141 3704-3753 Sentence denotes RT-LAMP ORF1b_1 Time (min) 6.5 7.8 9.0 - -
T142 3754-3775 Sentence denotes 6.3 7.3 9.0 9.5 -
T143 3776-3796 Sentence denotes 6.5 7.8 12.8 - -
T144 3797-3826 Sentence denotes Average 6.4 7.6 10.3 - -
T145 3827-3850 Sentence denotes SD 0.1 0.2 1.8 - -
T146 3851-3884 Sentence denotes Positive 3/3 3/3 3/3 1/3 0/3
T147 3885-3925 Sentence denotes ORF1b_2 Time (min) 6.8 7.5 9.5 - -
T148 3926-3946 Sentence denotes 6.0 7.8 10.8 - -
T149 3947-3967 Sentence denotes 6.8 7.5 10.5 - -
T150 3968-3997 Sentence denotes Average 6.5 7.6 10.3 - -
T151 3998-4021 Sentence denotes SD 0.4 0.1 0.5 - -
T152 4022-4055 Sentence denotes Positive 3/3 3/3 3/3 0/3 0/3
T153 4056-4110 Sentence denotes RT-qPCR NIID Ct value 30.93 34.08 37.59 39.08 -
T154 4111-4140 Sentence denotes 30.79 34.12 38.05 39.34 -
T155 4141-4166 Sentence denotes 30.60 33.79 37.61 - -
T156 4167-4205 Sentence denotes Average 30.77 34.00 37.75 39.21 -
T157 4206-4235 Sentence denotes SD 0.14 0.15 0.21 0.13 -
T158 4236-4281 Sentence denotes copies/ reaction 2036.9 214.4 17.5 6.1 -
T159 4282-4309 Sentence denotes 2249.6 208.6 12.7 5.0 -
T160 4310-4335 Sentence denotes 2577.0 264.4 17.3 - -
T161 4336-4372 Sentence denotes Average 2287.8 229.1 15.9 5.6 -
T162 4373-4401 Sentence denotes SD 222.1 25.0 2.2 0.5 -
T163 4402-4435 Sentence denotes Positive 3/3 3/3 3/3 2/3 0/3
T164 4436-4480 Sentence denotes WHO Ct value 29.31 32.80 35.96 38.93 -
T165 4481-4506 Sentence denotes 29.23 32.72 35.94 - -
T166 4507-4532 Sentence denotes 29.41 32.79 35.55 - -
T167 4533-4571 Sentence denotes Average 29.32 32.77 35.81 38.93 -
T168 4572-4601 Sentence denotes SD 0.07 0.03 0.19 0.00 -
T169 4602-4647 Sentence denotes copies/ reaction 3503.2 254.9 23.7 2.6 -
T170 4648-4673 Sentence denotes 3694.3 269.0 24.1 - -
T171 4674-4699 Sentence denotes 3246.6 256.5 32.4 - -
T172 4700-4736 Sentence denotes Average 3481.4 260.2 26.7 2.6 -
T173 4737-4764 Sentence denotes SD 183.5 6.3 4.0 0.0 -
T174 4765-4798 Sentence denotes Positive 3/3 3/3 3/3 1/3 0/3
T175 4800-4855 Sentence denotes Evaluation of RT-LAMP assay without RNA extraction step
T176 4856-4974 Sentence denotes In most cases, genome analysis for detection of RNA viruses requires a step of RNA extraction from clinical specimens.
T177 4975-5071 Sentence denotes Since this step usually takes about 30 min, it is one of the main obstacles for rapid diagnosis.
T178 5072-5274 Sentence denotes Therefore, the feasibility of the RT-LAMP assay without RNA extraction for clinical specimens was evaluated using human nasal and oral mixed swab suspensions spiked with SARS-CoV-2 JPN/TY/WK-521 strain.
T179 5275-5369 Sentence denotes We prepared the nasal and oral mixed swab samples with 10-fold serial dilutions of SARS-CoV-2.
T180 5370-5457 Sentence denotes These mixed swab samples were heated at 95°C for 10 min for inactivation of SARS-CoV-2.
T181 5458-5618 Sentence denotes We conducted RT-LAMP/ORF1b-1 and RT-qPCR/NIID assays with the heat inactivated swab samples, which we named “Direct RT-LAMP” and “Direct RT-qPCR,” respectively.
T182 5619-5799 Sentence denotes Simultaneously, we also conducted RT-LAMP/ORF1b-1 and RT-qPCR/NIID assays using RNAs extracted from the nasal and oral mixed swab samples spiked with SARS-CoV-2 as reference tests.
T183 5800-5933 Sentence denotes Sample viral dilutions ranging from 10−2 to 10−6 dilution were detected within 10.5 min in both RT-LAMP and Direct RT-LAMP (Table 5).
T184 5934-6102 Sentence denotes Furthermore, both Direct RT-LAMP and RT-LAMP could detect 10−7 diluted virus samples with 33% probability; nevertheless, RT-qPCR could efficiently detect these samples.
T185 6103-6163 Sentence denotes In this swab spike tests, both assays have same sensitivity.
T186 6164-6258 Sentence denotes However, the detection time for Direct RT-LAMP is longer than that of RT-LAMP (mean 0.75 min).
T187 6259-6365 Sentence denotes Therefore, composition of swab samples may affect the efficiency of genome amplification in RT-LAMP assay.
T188 6366-6523 Sentence denotes Standard RT-qPCR using extracted RNA indicated that 10−6 and 10−7 dilution include 203 ± 21.4 and 12.8 ± 4.78 copies of viral RNA per reaction, respectively.
T189 6524-6656 Sentence denotes Taken together, these results suggest that Direct RT-LAMP assay can be used as a rapid and sensitive diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2.
T190 6657-6722 Sentence denotes Table 5 Evaluation of RT-LAMP assay without RNA extraction step.
T191 6723-6745 Sentence denotes Dilution rate of virus
T192 6746-6798 Sentence denotes Template 10−2 10−3 10−4 10−5 10−6 10−7 Water
T193 6799-6872 Sentence denotes Direct RT-LAMP Swab solution Time (min) 5.5 6.0 6.8 7.5 10.5 - -
T194 6873-6905 Sentence denotes 5.3 6.0 6.8 7.3 9.0 10.5 -
T195 6906-6935 Sentence denotes 5.5 6.0 7.3 7.5 9.0 - -
T196 6936-6974 Sentence denotes Average 5.4 6.0 6.9 7.4 9.5 - -
T197 6975-7008 Sentence denotes SD 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.7 - -
T198 7009-7052 Sentence denotes Positive 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 1/3 0/3
T199 7053-7108 Sentence denotes RT-LAMP RNA Time (min) 4.3 5.0 5.8 6.5 7.3 - -
T200 7109-7138 Sentence denotes 5.5 6.0 7.3 7.5 9.0 - -
T201 7139-7170 Sentence denotes 4.8 5.8 6.3 6.8 7.5 9.5 -
T202 7171-7209 Sentence denotes Average 4.8 5.6 6.4 6.9 7.9 - -
T203 7210-7243 Sentence denotes SD 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.8 - -
T204 7244-7287 Sentence denotes Positive 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 1/3 0/3
T205 7288-7368 Sentence denotes Direct RT-qPCR Swab solution Ct value 23.14 26.47 29.86 33.43 36.40 - -
T206 7369-7408 Sentence denotes 23.22 26.50 29.87 33.29 36.93 - -
T207 7409-7448 Sentence denotes 23.01 26.46 29.75 33.28 36.96 - -
T208 7449-7497 Sentence denotes Average 23.12 26.48 29.83 33.34 36.76 - -
T209 7498-7536 Sentence denotes SD 0.09 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.26 - -
T210 7537-7610 Sentence denotes copies/ reaction 1.14× 106 9.07×104 6.92×103 4.62×102 4.87×101 - -
T211 7611-7666 Sentence denotes 1.06× 106 8.84×104 6.89×103 5.12×102 3.25×101 - -
T212 7667-7723 Sentence denotes 1.25× 10−6 9.15×104 7.50×103 5.17×102 3.17×101 - -
T213 7724-7787 Sentence denotes Average 1.15×106 9.02×104 7.10×104 4.97×102 3.77×101 - -
T214 7788-7846 Sentence denotes SD 7.73×104 1.30×103 2.81×102 2.49×101 7.85×100 - -
T215 7847-7890 Sentence denotes Positive 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 0/3 0/3
T216 7891-7958 Sentence denotes RT-qPCR RNA Ct value 20.89 24.29 27.76 31.13 34.70 38.95 -
T217 7959-8002 Sentence denotes 20.97 24.34 27.80 31.18 34.35 37.66 -
T218 8003-8046 Sentence denotes 20.75 24.28 27.65 31.00 34.51 38.16 -
T219 8047-8099 Sentence denotes Average 20.87 24.30 27.74 31.10 34.52 38.26 -
T220 8100-8141 Sentence denotes SD 0.09 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.53 -
T221 8142-8221 Sentence denotes copies/ reaction 6.23×106 4.75×105 3.41×104 2.64×103 1.77×102 7.03×100 -
T222 8222-8283 Sentence denotes 5.85×106 4.56×105 3.29×104 2.55×103 2.29×102 1.87×101 -
T223 8284-8345 Sentence denotes 6.93×106 4.77×105 3.72×104 2.92×103 2.04×102 1.28×101 -
T224 8346-8416 Sentence denotes Average 6.33×106 4.69×105 3.47×104 2.71×103 2.03×102 1.28×101 -
T225 8417-8482 Sentence denotes SD 4.45×105 9.44×104 1.78×103 1.56×102 2.14×101 4.78×100 -
T226 8483-8526 Sentence denotes Positive 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 0/3
T227 8528-8580 Sentence denotes Evaluation of RT-LAMP assay using clinical specimens
T228 8581-8803 Sentence denotes To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of RT-LAMP and Direct RT-LAMP, we analyzed 224 nasal swab samples from suspected COVID-19 patients using these experimental protocols at the same time has RT-qPCR/NIID as reference test.
T229 8804-8960 Sentence denotes Sixteen samples were suspended in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) and the remaining samples were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution.
T230 8961-9184 Sentence denotes As shown in Fig 1, the detection time of RT-LAMP and Direct RT-LAMP was significantly correlated with copy number of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (Peason’s correlation (r) = -0.25 and -0.22, for RT-LAMP and Direct RT-LAMP, respectively).
T231 9185-9322 Sentence denotes This correlation indicates that viral RNA copies in clinical samples could be roughly estimated from the detection time of RT-LAMP assay.
T232 9323-9430 Sentence denotes Fig 1 Detection time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from clinical specimens with the RT-LAMP and Direct RT-LAMP assays.
T233 9431-9611 Sentence denotes Detection time of clinical samples determined by RT-LAMP/ORF1b-1 (A) and Direct RT-LAMP/ORF1b-1 (B) were plotted to viral RNA copy numbers per reaction with reference RT-qPCR/NIID.
T234 9612-9693 Sentence denotes The samples suspended by PBS or HBSS are shown as blue or red dots, respectively.
T235 9694-9854 Sentence denotes The detection time for Direct RT-LAMP using PBS-suspended samples PBS was delayed on average by only 0.45 min compared with RT-LAMP using extracted RNA (Fig 2).
T236 9855-10119 Sentence denotes In contrast, the detection time of Direct RT-LAMP using HBSS-suspended swab samples was 3 to 8 min (mean 4.8 min) later than that of RT-LAMP using extracted RNA (Fig 2), suggesting that HBSS is not appropriate as swab sample suspension solution for Direct RT-LAMP.
T237 10120-10221 Sentence denotes Therefore, the results of the 16 samples suspended in HBSS were excluded from the analysis (Table 6).
T238 10222-10293 Sentence denotes Fig 2 Comparison of detection time between RT-LAMP and Direct RT-LAMP.
T239 10294-10391 Sentence denotes The delay time of detection by Direct RT-LAMP is shown for nasal swabs suspended in HBSS and PBS.
T240 10392-10528 Sentence denotes Table 6 Diagnostic accuracy of the RT-LAMP assay and the Direct RT-LAMP assay for SARS-CoV-2 compared with the reference RT-qPCR assay.
T241 10529-10552 Sentence denotes RT-LAMP Direct RT-LAMP
T242 10553-10634 Sentence denotes Copies/reaction Positive Negative Sensitivity Positive Negative Sensitivity
T243 10635-10682 Sentence denotes RT-qPCR Positive >107 2 0 100% 1 0 100%
T244 10683-10716 Sentence denotes 106−107 17 0 100% 14 0 100%
T245 10717-10750 Sentence denotes 105−106 24 0 100% 17 0 100%
T246 10751-10784 Sentence denotes 104−105 18 0 100% 21 0 100%
T247 10785-10817 Sentence denotes 103−104 18 0 100% 16 1 94%
T248 10818-10849 Sentence denotes 102−103 18 0 100% 9 8 53%
T249 10850-10881 Sentence denotes 101−102 12 2 86% 2 18 10%
T250 10882-10909 Sentence denotes 101> 10 5 67% 0 19 0%
T251 10910-11002 Sentence denotes negative 15 67 A total of 126 samples were deemed positive by the reference RT-qPCR assay.
T252 11003-11143 Sentence denotes In this evaluation test, the RNA amount of each clinical sample was estimated to be in the range from 1.3 to 6.88 x 107 copies per reaction.
T253 11144-11316 Sentence denotes The RT-LAMP/ORF1b-1 assay detected all clinical samples that had more than 23.7 copies of viral RNA as positive for SARS-CoV-2 with 100% probability (Table 6 and S1 Table).
T254 11317-11414 Sentence denotes Detection probabilities of the assay were 50% for 10–19.8 copies and 67% for less than 10 copies.
T255 11415-11488 Sentence denotes All positive results were obtained within 14.5 min (Fig 1A and S1 Table).
T256 11489-11644 Sentence denotes The Direct RT-LAMP with ORF1b-1 primer set detected samples that had more than 1.43 x 103 copies of viral RNA with 100% probability (Table 6 and S2 Table).
T257 11645-11745 Sentence denotes The assay still showed 53% and 10% probabilities for 102−103 and 101−102 viral copies, respectively.
T258 11746-11828 Sentence denotes The minimum copy numbers which were possible to detect was 70.8 copies (S2 Table).
T259 11829-12060 Sentence denotes For samples that had 7.08 x 101−1.41 x 103 viral copies, composition of swab samples seem to affect the results; although, the results were consistent with those from Direct RT-LAMP for swab samples spiked with the virus (Table 5).
T260 12061-12225 Sentence denotes Therefore, it should be carefully noted that low viral RNA copy numbers may not be detected by this Direct RT-LAMP assay depending on the composition of the sample.
T261 12226-12324 Sentence denotes And, this Direct RT-LAMP assay cannot be used to prove a negative result for SARS-CoV-2 infection.