PMC:7647877 / 37154-40284
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T420 | 178-186 | Body_part | denotes | collagen | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63891 |
T421 | 294-308 | Body_part | denotes | cell membranes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841 |
T422 | 294-298 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T423 | 424-437 | Body_part | denotes | keratinocytic | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62879 |
T424 | 458-463 | Body_part | denotes | lipid | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264 |
T425 | 485-495 | Body_part | denotes | fibroblast | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63877 |
T426 | 648-659 | Body_part | denotes | neutrophils | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860 |
T427 | 661-670 | Body_part | denotes | monocytes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864 |
T428 | 712-722 | Body_part | denotes | leukocytes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852 |
T429 | 801-821 | Body_part | denotes | natural killer cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63147 |
T430 | 816-821 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T431 | 845-858 | Body_part | denotes | T lymphocytes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62870 |
T432 | 875-898 | Body_part | denotes | cytotoxic T lymphocytes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma70573 |
T433 | 1014-1025 | Body_part | denotes | neutrophils | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860 |
T434 | 1031-1041 | Body_part | denotes | macrophage | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261 |
T435 | 1150-1156 | Body_part | denotes | tissue | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637 |
T436 | 1278-1282 | Body_part | denotes | body | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135 |
T437 | 1358-1369 | Body_part | denotes | lymphocytes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863 |
T438 | 1799-1823 | Body_part | denotes | respiratory and systemic | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7158 |
T439 | 1917-1922 | Body_part | denotes | serum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083 |
T440 | 1944-1952 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T441 | 2426-2449 | Body_part | denotes | upper respiratory tract | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T102 | 1150-1156 | Body_part | denotes | tissue | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479 |
T103 | 1799-1823 | Body_part | denotes | respiratory and systemic | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001004 |
T104 | 1917-1922 | Body_part | denotes | serum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977 |
T105 | 2426-2449 | Body_part | denotes | upper respiratory tract | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557 |
T106 | 2432-2449 | Body_part | denotes | respiratory tract | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T211 | 74-83 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T212 | 735-744 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T213 | 1042-1051 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T214 | 1290-1302 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166 |
T215 | 1466-1476 | Disease | denotes | infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T216 | 1824-1834 | Disease | denotes | infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T217 | 2101-2123 | Disease | denotes | respiratory infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355 |
T218 | 2132-2141 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
T219 | 2215-2224 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
T220 | 2426-2460 | Disease | denotes | upper respiratory tract infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355 |
T221 | 2474-2485 | Disease | denotes | common cold | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005709 |
T222 | 2636-2644 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T223 | 2761-2769 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T224 | 2881-2909 | Disease | denotes | upper respiratory infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355 |
T225 | 3032-3054 | Disease | denotes | respiratory infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T470 | 84-87 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T471 | 178-186 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3815 | denotes | collagen |
T472 | 220-230 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066 | denotes | epithelial |
T473 | 294-298 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T474 | 299-308 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membranes |
T475 | 384-394 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066 | denotes | epithelial |
T476 | 424-437 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000312 | denotes | keratinocytic |
T477 | 485-495 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000057 | denotes | fibroblast |
T478 | 539-540 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T479 | 661-670 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576 | denotes | monocytes |
T480 | 675-685 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000234 | denotes | phagocytes |
T481 | 789-797 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
T482 | 801-821 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000623 | denotes | natural killer cells |
T483 | 871-874 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053438 | denotes | CD8 |
T484 | 1186-1187 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T485 | 1376-1377 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T486 | 1515-1523 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activate |
T487 | 1524-1534 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000234 | denotes | phagocytes |
T488 | 1569-1570 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T489 | 1710-1712 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 | denotes | 94 |
T490 | 1799-1823 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001004 | denotes | respiratory and systemic |
T491 | 2151-2152 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T492 | 2176-2177 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T493 | 2290-2291 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T494 | 2360-2363 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T495 | 3015-3016 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T379 | 0-9 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29073|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38290 |
T382 | 0-7 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T383 | 22-31 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241 |
T384 | 22-29 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T385 | 121-130 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29073|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38290 |
T388 | 121-128 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T389 | 336-344 | Chemical | denotes | radicals | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519 |
T390 | 458-463 | Chemical | denotes | lipid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059 |
T391 | 946-955 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29073|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38290 |
T394 | 946-953 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T395 | 1210-1219 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241 |
T396 | 1210-1217 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T397 | 1309-1317 | Chemical | denotes | nutrient | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33284 |
T398 | 1548-1551 | Chemical | denotes | ROS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523 |
T399 | 1556-1565 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241 |
T400 | 1556-1563 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T401 | 1582-1593 | Chemical | denotes | antioxidant | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22586 |
T402 | 1659-1662 | Chemical | denotes | ROS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523 |
T403 | 1749-1758 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241 |
T404 | 1749-1756 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T405 | 1861-1869 | Chemical | denotes | nutrient | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33284 |
T406 | 1882-1895 | Chemical | denotes | antimicrobial | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281 |
T407 | 1944-1952 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T408 | 2033-2042 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241 |
T409 | 2033-2040 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T410 | 2230-2239 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241 |
T411 | 2230-2237 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T412 | 2319-2327 | Chemical | denotes | nutrient | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33284 |
T413 | 2334-2343 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29073|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38290 |
T416 | 2334-2341 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T417 | 2602-2611 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241 |
T418 | 2602-2609 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T419 | 2739-2748 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241 |
T420 | 2739-2746 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T79 | 56-83 | Phenotype | denotes | susceptibility to infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002719 |
T80 | 264-280 | Phenotype | denotes | oxidative stress | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464 |
T81 | 1486-1502 | Phenotype | denotes | oxidative stress | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464 |
T82 | 2019-2042 | Phenotype | denotes | Low levels of vitamin C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100510 |
T83 | 2101-2123 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947 |
T84 | 2132-2141 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T85 | 2215-2224 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T86 | 2426-2460 | Phenotype | denotes | upper respiratory tract infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002788 |
T87 | 2887-2909 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947 |
T88 | 3032-3054 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T166 | 162-174 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 | denotes | biosynthesis |
T167 | 424-453 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030216 | denotes | keratinocytic differentiation |
T168 | 458-473 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008610 | denotes | lipid synthesis |
T169 | 464-473 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 | denotes | synthesis |
T170 | 485-509 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048144 | denotes | fibroblast proliferation |
T171 | 746-758 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006909 | denotes | phagocytosis |
T172 | 976-985 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 | denotes | apoptosis |
T173 | 976-985 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 | denotes | apoptosis |
T174 | 1082-1091 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 | denotes | formation |
T175 | 1290-1302 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 | denotes | inflammation |
T176 | 1642-1654 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006909 | denotes | phagocytosis |
T177 | 1659-1673 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903409 | denotes | ROS generation |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T230 | 0-9 | Sentence | denotes | Vitamin C |
T231 | 10-120 | Sentence | denotes | The role of vitamin C in immunity and in host susceptibility to infection has been scientifically proven [92]. |
T232 | 121-281 | Sentence | denotes | Vitamin C, in fact, is necessary for the biosynthesis of collagen and is essential for maintaining epithelial integrity and protecting against oxidative stress. |
T233 | 282-529 | Sentence | denotes | It protects cell membranes from damage caused by free radicals, so as to support the integrity of the epithelial barriers [79], also improves keratinocytic differentiation and lipid synthesis as well as fibroblast proliferation and migration [92]. |
T234 | 530-945 | Sentence | denotes | It plays a role in various aspects of immunity, in fact it is involved in the proliferation, function and movement of neutrophils, monocytes and phagocytes [82] and the migration of leukocytes to sites of infection, phagocytosis and bacterial killing, in the activity of natural killer cells and in the function of T lymphocytes (especially CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes) and in the production of antibodies [79, 82]. |
T235 | 946-1169 | Sentence | denotes | Vitamin C is also involved in apoptosis and elimination of depleted neutrophils from macrophage infection sites [92] and attenuates the formation of extracellular trap (NET), thus reducing the associated tissue damage [92]. |
T236 | 1170-1303 | Sentence | denotes | Infections have a significant impact on vitamin C levels, due to the increased energy needs required by the body during inflammation. |
T237 | 1304-1443 | Sentence | denotes | This nutrient, in fact, promotes the proliferation of lymphocytes, with a consequent increase in the generation of antibodies [79, 85, 92]. |
T238 | 1444-1714 | Sentence | denotes | It is well known that infections increase oxidative stress and usually activate phagocytes that release ROS, so vitamin C is a well-known antioxidant that can counteract these effects by increasing phagocytosis and ROS generation and improving microbial killing [92–94]. |
T239 | 1715-1840 | Sentence | denotes | Furthermore, supplementation with vitamin C appears to be able to prevent and treat respiratory and systemic infections [92]. |
T240 | 1841-2018 | Sentence | denotes | High levels of this nutrient can enhance antimicrobial effects and increase serum levels of complement proteins, also playing an important role in IFN-γ production [85, 92, 95]. |
T241 | 2019-2142 | Sentence | denotes | Low levels of vitamin C are responsible for an increased susceptibility to severe respiratory infections such as pneumonia. |
T242 | 2143-2333 | Sentence | denotes | Indeed, a meta-analysis reported a significant reduction in the risk of pneumonia with vitamin C supplementation, particularly in individuals with a low dietary intake of this nutrient [96]. |
T243 | 2334-2545 | Sentence | denotes | Vitamin C supplementation has also been demonstrated to reduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory tract infections, such as the common cold, especially in people under increased physical stress [96]. |
T244 | 2546-2650 | Sentence | denotes | Currently, there are limited recommendations for taking vitamin C supplementation against COVID-19 [97]. |
T245 | 2651-2820 | Sentence | denotes | Nevertheless, there is sufficient evidence to conduct several clinical trials to assess vitamin C efficacy in COVID-19 prevention and treatment (www.clinicaltrials.gov). |
T246 | 2821-2910 | Sentence | denotes | Previously, doses of 1–2 g/day were effective in preventing upper respiratory infections. |
T247 | 2911-3055 | Sentence | denotes | As those levels are not attainable through dietary sources, supplementation may be advised for those at a higher risk of respiratory infections. |
T248 | 3056-3130 | Sentence | denotes | Doses above 200 mg/day may not be beneficial for healthy individuals [98]. |
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
979 | 0-9 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
988 | 871-874 | Gene | denotes | CD8 | Gene:925 |
989 | 22-31 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
990 | 121-130 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
991 | 458-463 | Chemical | denotes | lipid | MESH:D008055 |
992 | 946-955 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
993 | 74-83 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
994 | 735-744 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
995 | 1031-1051 | Disease | denotes | macrophage infection | MESH:D055501 |
1006 | 1988-1993 | Gene | denotes | IFN-γ | Gene:3458 |
1007 | 1210-1219 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
1008 | 1548-1551 | Chemical | denotes | ROS | MESH:D017382 |
1009 | 1556-1565 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
1010 | 1659-1662 | Chemical | denotes | ROS | MESH:D017382 |
1011 | 1749-1758 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
1012 | 1170-1180 | Disease | denotes | Infections | MESH:D007239 |
1013 | 1290-1302 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
1014 | 1466-1476 | Disease | denotes | infections | MESH:D007239 |
1015 | 1799-1834 | Disease | denotes | respiratory and systemic infections | MESH:D012141 |
1021 | 2033-2042 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
1022 | 2230-2239 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
1023 | 2101-2123 | Disease | denotes | respiratory infections | MESH:D012141 |
1024 | 2132-2141 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
1025 | 2215-2224 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
1030 | 2501-2507 | Species | denotes | people | Tax:9606 |
1031 | 2334-2343 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
1032 | 2426-2460 | Disease | denotes | upper respiratory tract infections | MESH:D012141 |
1033 | 2474-2485 | Disease | denotes | common cold | MESH:D003139 |
1040 | 2602-2611 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
1041 | 2739-2748 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin C | MESH:D001205 |
1042 | 2636-2644 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1043 | 2761-2769 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1044 | 2881-2909 | Disease | denotes | upper respiratory infections | MESH:D012141 |
1045 | 3032-3054 | Disease | denotes | respiratory infections | MESH:D012141 |