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PMC:7605337 / 1941-60047 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T7 558-561 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T8 608-614 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T9 1166-1178 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T10 1241-1246 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T11 1356-1363 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T12 1458-1462 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T13 1536-1550 Body_part denotes cell membranes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T14 1536-1540 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T15 1565-1572 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T16 1733-1746 Body_part denotes cell membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T17 1733-1737 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T18 1856-1863 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T19 1864-1868 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T20 1989-1996 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T21 2076-2081 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T22 2237-2245 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T23 2417-2424 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T24 2753-2758 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T25 2782-2786 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T26 2806-2813 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T27 3459-3464 Body_part denotes ridge http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma75035
T28 3570-3578 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T29 3703-3708 Body_part denotes helix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma60992
T30 5526-5534 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T31 5845-5852 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T32 5967-5972 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T33 6074-6086 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T34 6615-6621 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T35 6818-6825 Body_part denotes genomes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T36 7748-7755 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T37 8895-8905 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T38 9278-9285 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T39 9906-9913 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T40 10085-10092 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T41 10591-10598 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T42 10797-10801 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T43 10859-10865 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T44 11373-11380 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T45 11516-11523 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T46 12903-12911 Body_part denotes backbone http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T47 13265-13273 Body_part denotes backbone http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T48 16277-16285 Body_part denotes backbone http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T49 19603-19611 Body_part denotes backbone http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T50 20689-20699 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T51 22503-22510 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T52 22584-22591 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T53 29541-29549 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T54 31205-31212 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T55 31598-31605 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T56 36657-36667 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T57 37327-37334 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T58 37954-37961 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T59 40285-40292 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T60 40999-41006 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T61 41290-41297 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T62 41780-41787 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T63 42102-42109 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T64 44823-44830 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T65 45600-45607 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T66 46367-46374 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T67 46827-46834 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T68 48758-48765 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T69 48886-48893 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T70 49539-49546 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T71 49547-49554 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T72 54432-54442 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T73 55490-55498 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T74 55539-55547 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T75 55693-55701 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T76 55959-55966 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T77 56406-56410 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T78 56928-56935 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T79 56996-57003 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T80 57330-57337 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T81 57653-57657 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T82 57840-57848 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 3703-3708 Body_part denotes helix http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002488
T2 10797-10801 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T3 57653-57657 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T10 36-45 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T11 630-639 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T12 757-790 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T13 804-808 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T14 823-827 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T15 882-886 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 1576-1585 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T17 1751-1760 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 1897-1906 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T19 1911-1915 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T20 2103-2112 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T21 2147-2151 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T22 2401-2410 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T23 2526-2530 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T24 2601-2610 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T25 2615-2619 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T26 2670-2679 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T27 2715-2724 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T28 3036-3045 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T29 3168-3177 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T30 3182-3186 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T31 3405-3414 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T32 3547-3551 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T33 3556-3565 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T34 3627-3636 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T35 3736-3745 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T36 3864-3868 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T37 3886-3895 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T38 3950-3959 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T39 4031-4035 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T40 4050-4054 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T41 4090-4099 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T42 4187-4196 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T43 4201-4205 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T44 4257-4261 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T45 4312-4316 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T46 4327-4331 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T47 4685-4689 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T48 4778-4782 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T49 4836-4840 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T50 4924-4928 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T51 4996-5000 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T52 5044-5048 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T53 5265-5269 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T54 5461-5476 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T55 5467-5476 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T56 5615-5624 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T57 5680-5684 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T58 6031-6035 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T59 6094-6098 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T60 6172-6176 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T61 6343-6347 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T62 6354-6358 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T63 6382-6391 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T64 6408-6412 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T65 6421-6430 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T66 6547-6551 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T67 6599-6608 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T68 6634-6643 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T69 6829-6838 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T70 7003-7012 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T71 7348-7350 Disease denotes MI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005068
T72 7636-7645 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T73 8043-8052 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T74 8145-8154 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T75 8349-8358 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T76 8437-8446 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T77 8456-8460 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T78 8614-8618 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T79 8627-8636 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T80 8693-8702 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T81 8707-8711 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T82 8811-8815 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T83 8932-8936 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T84 8944-8953 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T85 9075-9079 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T86 9088-9097 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T87 9321-9330 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T88 9844-9853 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T89 9890-9894 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T90 10026-10035 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T91 10121-10125 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T92 10161-10165 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T93 10251-10260 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T94 10390-10399 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T95 10466-10475 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T96 10888-10897 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T97 11102-11111 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T98 11169-11173 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T99 11279-11288 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T100 11326-11330 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T101 11484-11493 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T102 11495-11499 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T103 11541-11550 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T104 12213-12222 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T105 14093-14097 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T106 14106-14115 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T107 14604-14608 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T108 14614-14623 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T109 14982-14986 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T110 14992-15001 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T111 16368-16372 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T112 16381-16390 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T113 16875-16879 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T114 16888-16897 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T115 18346-18350 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T116 18356-18365 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T117 18419-18423 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T118 18428-18437 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T119 18453-18457 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T120 18517-18526 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T121 18592-18596 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T122 18706-18710 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T123 18818-18827 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T124 18832-18836 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T125 18851-18860 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T126 18895-18904 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T127 18939-18948 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T128 19960-19969 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T129 20068-20072 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T130 20799-20808 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T131 20810-20814 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T132 20868-20877 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T133 20914-20918 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T134 20930-20939 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T135 21034-21038 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T136 21078-21087 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T137 21092-21096 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T138 21187-21191 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T139 21605-21614 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T140 21619-21623 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T141 21796-21800 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T142 21874-21883 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T143 21974-21983 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T144 21985-21989 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T145 22143-22147 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T146 22153-22162 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T147 22222-22231 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T148 22324-22333 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T149 22346-22350 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T150 22712-22721 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T151 22726-22730 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T152 22811-22815 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T153 23118-23122 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T154 23145-23154 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T155 23300-23309 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T156 23390-23394 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T157 23806-23810 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T158 23829-23838 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T159 24049-24058 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T160 24303-24307 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T161 24760-24769 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T162 24771-24775 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T163 24883-24892 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T164 25216-25225 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T165 25342-25351 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T166 25369-25373 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T167 25427-25436 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T168 25449-25453 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T169 25517-25526 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T170 25544-25548 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T171 25828-25837 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T172 25989-25998 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T173 26114-26123 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T174 26391-26400 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T175 26402-26406 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T176 26682-26686 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T177 26692-26701 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T178 26995-27004 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T179 27067-27071 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T180 27233-27242 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T181 27247-27251 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T182 27327-27336 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T183 27369-27373 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T184 27505-27514 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T185 27546-27550 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T186 27556-27565 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T187 27650-27654 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T188 27734-27738 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T189 27793-27802 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T190 27895-27904 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T191 27914-27918 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T192 27966-27975 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T193 27980-27984 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T194 28157-28166 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T195 28172-28176 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T196 28228-28237 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T197 28303-28307 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T198 28358-28367 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T199 28704-28708 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T200 28819-28828 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T201 28926-28930 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T202 29127-29131 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T203 29201-29205 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T204 29307-29316 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T205 29461-29465 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T206 29620-29624 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T207 29734-29738 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T208 29933-29937 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T209 29950-29954 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T210 30091-30100 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T211 30191-30200 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T212 30206-30210 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T213 30229-30238 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T214 30367-30376 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T215 30381-30385 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T216 30430-30434 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T217 30440-30449 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T218 31282-31291 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T219 31581-31590 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T220 31667-31676 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T221 32107-32116 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T222 32213-32222 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T223 32227-32231 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T224 32311-32320 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T225 32622-32631 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T226 33175-33184 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T227 33308-33317 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T228 33325-33329 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T229 33403-33412 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T230 33467-33471 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T231 33595-33604 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T232 33618-33622 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T233 33662-33671 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T234 33692-33696 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T235 34128-34132 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T236 34140-34149 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T237 34213-34222 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T238 34299-34303 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T239 34364-34373 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T240 34461-34465 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T241 34544-34548 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T242 34556-34565 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T243 34601-34605 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T244 34686-34690 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T245 34777-34786 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T246 34891-34895 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T247 35078-35087 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T248 35201-35205 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T249 35240-35249 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T250 35348-35357 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T251 35490-35494 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T252 35511-35520 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T253 35579-35583 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T254 35611-35620 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T255 35776-35785 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T256 35820-35829 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T257 35952-35961 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T258 35974-35978 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T259 36073-36082 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T260 36188-36197 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T261 36378-36382 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T262 36459-36468 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T263 36478-36482 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T264 36513-36522 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T265 36718-36722 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T266 36825-36834 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T267 37005-37014 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T268 37019-37023 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T269 37144-37153 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T270 37400-37409 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T271 37775-37784 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T272 38050-38059 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T273 38064-38068 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T274 38675-38684 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T275 38706-38710 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T276 38761-38770 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T277 38879-38888 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T278 38890-38894 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T279 39288-39297 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T280 39359-39368 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T281 39495-39510 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T282 39501-39510 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T283 39559-39568 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T284 39570-39574 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T285 39653-39662 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T286 39717-39721 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T287 39805-39814 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T288 39877-39886 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T289 40092-40101 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T290 40172-40176 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T291 40572-40581 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T292 40616-40620 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T293 40688-40697 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T294 41084-41088 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T295 41275-41279 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T296 41438-41447 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T297 41452-41456 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T298 41725-41729 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T299 42000-42009 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T300 42014-42018 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T301 42381-42390 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T302 42497-42501 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T303 42588-42597 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T304 42651-42660 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T305 42666-42670 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T306 42962-42971 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T307 43128-43137 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T308 43142-43146 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T309 43214-43223 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T310 43292-43296 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T311 43439-43448 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T312 43453-43457 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T313 43504-43513 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T314 43518-43522 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T315 43740-43749 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T316 43868-43877 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T317 44450-44454 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T318 44529-44538 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T319 44661-44665 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T320 45055-45064 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T321 45191-45195 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T322 45238-45242 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T323 45361-45365 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T324 45674-45683 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T325 45852-45861 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T326 45925-45929 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T327 46041-46045 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T328 46101-46110 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T329 46169-46178 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T330 46589-46593 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T331 46671-46680 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T332 46923-46932 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T333 47157-47166 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T334 47977-47986 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T335 48580-48584 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T336 49810-49819 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T337 49999-50008 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T338 50256-50260 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T339 50570-50579 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T340 50851-50860 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T341 51632-51636 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T342 51673-51677 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T343 52387-52396 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T344 52401-52405 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T345 52454-52458 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T346 52570-52579 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T347 52647-52651 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T348 52784-52788 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T349 52902-52906 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T350 53107-53111 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T351 53149-53158 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T352 53219-53223 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T353 53389-53393 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T354 53527-53531 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T355 53835-53844 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T356 53901-53910 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T357 53997-54001 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T358 54464-54473 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T359 54519-54523 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T360 54735-54739 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T361 54846-54855 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T362 54915-54924 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T363 54939-54943 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T364 54999-55008 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T365 55386-55395 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T366 55627-55631 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T367 55855-55864 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T368 55886-55890 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T369 56047-56056 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T370 56136-56145 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T371 56158-56162 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T372 56222-56231 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T373 56464-56473 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T374 56577-56592 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T375 56583-56592 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T376 56970-56979 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T377 57207-57216 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T378 57497-57506 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T379 57739-57748 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T12 76-79 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T13 87-88 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 109-110 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 128-133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T16 179-191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T17 222-225 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T18 347-352 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T19 495-500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T20 520-521 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T21 562-569 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T22 615-618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T23 819-822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T24 1145-1146 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 1241-1246 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T26 1255-1256 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T27 1324-1333 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membranes
T28 1397-1399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T29 1404-1406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T30 1404-1406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T31 1412-1414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T32 1458-1462 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T33 1481-1483 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T34 1481-1483 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T35 1536-1540 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T36 1541-1550 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membranes
T37 1596-1597 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38 1649-1650 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 1710-1718 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T40 1733-1737 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T41 1738-1746 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T42 1783-1786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T43 1864-1868 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T44 1965-1967 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T45 2006-2007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T46 2076-2081 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T47 2444-2449 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T48 2747-2758 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053065 denotes human cells
T49 2866-2867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T50 3053-3054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T51 3434-3435 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T52 3457-3458 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53 3498-3499 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T54 3695-3696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 3833-3834 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T56 3904-3905 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T57 4043-4048 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T58 4142-4143 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T59 4374-4381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T60 4461-4466 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T61 4858-4859 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T62 4883-4888 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T63 4893-4898 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T64 4902-4907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T65 5063-5069 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T66 5149-5152 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T67 5421-5429 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human or
T68 5447-5448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T69 5961-5972 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053065 denotes human cells
T70 6111-6113 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T71 6114-6116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T72 6249-6250 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T73 6277-6278 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T74 6948-6951 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T75 7449-7451 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009877 denotes NY
T76 7606-7607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T77 8533-8536 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T78 8560-8561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T79 8641-8643 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T80 8996-9001 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focus
T81 9259-9261 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T82 9721-9726 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T83 9777-9782 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T84 10530-10531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T85 10769-10771 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T86 11020-11022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T87 11062-11064 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T88 11191-11196 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T89 11258-11260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T90 11589-11591 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T91 11592-11593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T92 11711-11712 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T93 12531-12532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T94 12717-12718 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T95 12791-12792 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T96 12797-12799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008491 denotes ps
T97 12951-12952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T98 13114-13115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T99 13165-13166 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T100 13568-13570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T101 13703-13704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T102 13752-13756 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001757 denotes at 1
T103 13805-13806 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T104 13846-13847 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T105 13873-13875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008491 denotes ps
T106 14049-14051 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T107 14162-14165 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001562 denotes a 2
T108 14162-14165 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001563 denotes a 2
T109 14417-14418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T110 14904-14905 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T111 15311-15312 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T112 15592-15594 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T113 15721-15724 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003078 denotes FEL
T114 16298-16299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T115 16472-16473 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T116 16478-16480 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008491 denotes ps
T117 17103-17104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T118 17313-17314 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T119 17322-17338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043235 denotes receptor complex
T120 17364-17367 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 3 4
T121 17684-17686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T122 17852-17853 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T123 18462-18465 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T124 18466-18467 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T125 18557-18558 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T126 18578-18579 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T127 18630-18631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T128 18681-18682 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T129 18773-18774 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T130 18845-18846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T131 19104-19105 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T132 19202-19203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T133 19218-19219 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T134 19298-19299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T135 19321-19322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T136 19410-19411 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T137 19433-19434 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T138 19477-19478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T139 19499-19500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T140 19574-19577 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236 denotes 2 Å
T141 19733-19735 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T142 19934-19936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T143 19934-19936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T144 20026-20027 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T145 20107-20108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T146 20236-20237 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T147 20265-20266 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T148 20283-20284 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T149 20363-20364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T150 20397-20398 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T151 20415-20416 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T152 20476-20477 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T153 21004-21007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T154 21026-21027 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T155 21109-21112 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T156 21146-21147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T157 21321-21322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T158 21335-21336 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T159 21360-21361 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T160 21378-21379 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T161 21406-21409 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T162 21410-21411 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T163 21435-21436 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T164 21485-21486 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T165 21517-21518 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T166 22091-22094 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050884 denotes ten
T167 22501-22502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T168 22532-22533 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T169 22890-22891 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T170 22919-22920 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T171 22965-22966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T172 23230-23231 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T173 23545-23546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T174 24044-24046 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T175 24066-24067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T176 24293-24295 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T177 24296-24297 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T178 24363-24365 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T179 24366-24367 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T180 24392-24393 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T181 24421-24423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T182 24502-24504 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T183 24900-24901 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T184 24991-24994 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001375 denotes 455
T185 25272-25275 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054064 denotes 491
T186 25527-25530 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T187 25562-25563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T188 25647-25648 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T189 25715-25716 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T190 25864-25865 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T191 26259-26260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T192 26320-26321 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T193 26771-26773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T194 27005-27008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T195 27009-27010 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T196 27076-27079 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T197 27080-27081 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T198 27434-27435 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T199 27579-27580 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T200 28010-28011 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T201 28464-28465 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T202 28730-28731 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T203 28938-28939 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T204 29326-29327 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T205 29438-29439 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T206 29554-29556 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T207 29837-29838 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T208 30114-30115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T209 30617-30619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T210 30617-30619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T211 30639-30640 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T212 30753-30754 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T213 31301-31302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T214 31380-31381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T215 31445-31447 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T216 31691-31694 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T217 31750-31751 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T218 32187-32188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T219 32238-32239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T220 32388-32391 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001649 denotes AC2
T221 32407-32408 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T222 32444-32445 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T223 32637-32638 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T224 32743-32746 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T225 32747-32748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T226 32850-32851 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T227 33005-33006 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T228 33102-33105 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T229 33106-33107 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T230 33423-33427 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050298 denotes 10 H
T231 33657-33658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T232 33887-33889 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T233 33937-33939 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T234 33990-33992 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T235 34030-34032 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T236 34057-34058 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T237 34150-34153 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T238 34223-34226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T239 34227-34228 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T240 34735-34736 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T241 34988-34990 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T242 34996-34997 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T243 35124-35125 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T244 36094-36095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T245 36754-36755 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T246 37991-37994 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T247 37995-37996 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T248 38589-38591 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T249 38829-38830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T250 38847-38849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T251 38966-38968 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T252 39670-39671 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T253 39694-39695 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T254 39706-39707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T255 39730-39731 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T256 39758-39761 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 3–4
T257 39762-39763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T258 39871-39872 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T259 39929-39932 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236 denotes 2 Å
T260 40140-40141 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T261 40206-40207 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T262 40234-40236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T263 40234-40236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T264 40362-40363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T265 40421-40424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236 denotes 2 Å
T266 40657-40658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T267 40733-40734 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T268 41039-41040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T269 41237-41238 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T270 41385-41386 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T271 41594-41595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T272 41618-41619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T273 41805-41806 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T274 41831-41834 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003078 denotes FEL
T275 41957-41959 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T276 42248-42250 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T277 42398-42399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T278 43184-43189 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T279 43248-43252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050298 denotes 10 H
T280 43306-43309 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T281 44127-44130 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T282 44477-44478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T283 44912-44913 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T284 45550-45551 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T285 45708-45709 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T286 45769-45770 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T287 46050-46053 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T288 46179-46182 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T289 46267-46268 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T290 46938-46941 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T291 46942-46943 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T292 47873-47876 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T293 47939-47941 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T294 48270-48271 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T295 48911-48912 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T296 49186-49191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T297 49462-49463 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T298 49508-49509 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T299 50053-50056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T300 50278-50279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T301 50397-50398 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T302 50862-50863 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T303 51064-51067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T304 51068-51069 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T305 51134-51137 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008190 denotes Per
T306 51207-51210 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T307 51211-51212 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T308 51310-51311 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T309 51357-51358 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T310 51499-51500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T311 51757-51760 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T312 52670-52671 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T313 53170-53171 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T314 53427-53430 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T315 53431-53432 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T316 53930-53931 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T317 54527-54528 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T318 54695-54696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T319 54769-54770 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T320 55115-55120 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T321 55192-55193 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T322 56101-56106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T323 56110-56115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T324 56236-56239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T325 56406-56410 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T326 56412-56414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T327 56712-56713 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T328 56770-56771 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T329 56806-56809 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008190 denotes Per
T330 57447-57448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T12 655-659 Chemical denotes beta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545
T13 1166-1178 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T14 1356-1363 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T15 1404-1406 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T16 1481-1483 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T17 1565-1572 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T18 1856-1863 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T19 1989-1996 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T20 2237-2245 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T21 2417-2424 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T22 2450-2461 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T23 2806-2813 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T24 3570-3578 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T25 4556-4560 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T27 4620-4624 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T29 5526-5534 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T30 5845-5852 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T31 6074-6086 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T32 7253-7255 Chemical denotes WA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73710
T33 7306-7308 Chemical denotes WA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73710
T34 7348-7350 Chemical denotes MI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53620|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74704
T36 7449-7451 Chemical denotes NY http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73427
T37 7748-7755 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T38 8505-8510 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T39 8895-8905 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T40 8895-8900 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T41 8901-8905 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T42 9259-9261 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T43 9278-9285 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T44 9446-9450 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T45 9906-9913 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T46 10085-10092 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T47 10591-10598 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T48 10769-10771 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T49 11062-11064 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T50 11373-11380 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T51 11516-11523 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T52 11600-11605 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T53 11629-11636 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T54 11725-11729 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T55 11941-11946 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T56 12186-12189 Chemical denotes Cys http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15356|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17561|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29950
T59 12260-12269 Chemical denotes disulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48343
T60 12512-12520 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T61 12521-12526 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T62 12927-12932 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T63 13289-13294 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T64 13568-13570 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
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T67 15167-15172 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T68 15592-15594 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T69 16289-16294 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T70 16496-16504 Chemical denotes Hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18276
T71 16600-16605 Chemical denotes donor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17891
T72 16610-16618 Chemical denotes acceptor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15339
T73 17315-17321 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T74 17876-17883 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T75 17971-17978 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T76 18181-18186 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T77 18274-18279 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T78 19905-19910 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T79 19934-19936 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T80 20689-20699 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T81 20689-20694 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T82 20695-20699 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T83 21576-21578 Chemical denotes S3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29388
T84 21921-21924 Chemical denotes PCA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36751|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62248
T86 22016-22019 Chemical denotes PCA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36751|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62248
T88 22503-22510 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T89 22584-22591 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T90 23692-23694 Chemical denotes S4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29401
T91 24044-24046 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T92 24293-24295 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T93 24363-24365 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T94 24421-24423 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T95 24502-24504 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T96 24653-24658 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T97 24708-24713 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T98 30508-30512 Chemical denotes base http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22695
T99 30617-30619 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T100 31205-31212 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T101 31598-31605 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T102 33187-33195 Chemical denotes Hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18276
T103 33258-33266 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T104 33287-33291 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T106 33436-33440 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T108 33499-33503 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T110 34179-34187 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T111 34737-34741 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T113 34930-34934 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
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T117 35274-35278 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T119 36657-36667 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T120 36657-36662 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T121 36663-36667 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T122 37312-37314 Chemical denotes S3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29388
T123 37327-37334 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T124 37954-37961 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T125 38589-38591 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T126 38847-38849 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T127 38966-38968 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T128 40234-40236 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T129 40285-40292 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T130 40999-41006 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T131 41290-41297 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T132 41420-41423 Chemical denotes PCA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36751|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62248
T134 41780-41787 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T135 41899-41901 Chemical denotes S4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29401
T136 41957-41959 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T137 41995-41998 Chemical denotes PCA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36751|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62248
T139 42102-42109 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T140 42248-42250 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T141 43087-43095 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T142 43105-43109 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T144 43261-43265 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T146 43322-43326 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T148 44102-44105 Chemical denotes Ala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16977|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46217
T150 44823-44830 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T151 45395-45398 Chemical denotes Ala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16977|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46217
T153 45600-45607 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T154 46269-46273 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T156 46367-46374 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T157 46452-46456 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T159 46827-46834 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T160 47269-47271 Chemical denotes KD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73601
T26248 48265-48267 Chemical denotes S3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29388
T24077 48758-48765 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T53963 48886-48893 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T36380 48965-48967 Chemical denotes S3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29388
T17190 49264-49271 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T95994 49539-49546 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T7 49547-49554 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T4276 50280-50284 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T24139 54432-54442 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T22442 54432-54437 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T88304 54438-54442 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T51742 55959-55966 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T72160 56168-56171 Chemical denotes Ala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16977|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46217
T65249 56412-56414 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T60750 56928-56935 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T58677 56996-57003 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T45232 57330-57337 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T2 1225-1240 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into host
T3 5461-5476 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T4 12045-12058 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085 denotes glycosylation
T5 14830-14843 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translational
T6 18120-18133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translational
T7 18926-18935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behaviors
T8 19396-19404 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T9 20671-20679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T10 28453-28462 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T11 30718-30727 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T12 39495-39510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T13 40471-40479 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T14 56577-56592 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T15 57507-57516 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T16 57507-57516 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T13 0-12 Sentence denotes Introduction
T14 13-148 Sentence denotes The novel coronavirus (nCOV-2019) outbreak emerging from China has become a global pandemic and a major threat for human public health.
T15 149-501 Sentence denotes According to the World Health Organization as of August 28th 2020, there has been about 25 million confirmed cases and approaching 900,000 deaths because of coronavirus in the world.1,2 Much of the human population including the United States of America were under lockdown or official stay-at-home orders to minimize the continued spread of the virus.
T16 502-570 Sentence denotes Coronaviruses are a family of single-stranded enveloped RNA viruses.
T17 571-1122 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic analysis of coronavirus genome has shown that nCOV-2019 belongs to the beta-coronavirus family, which also includes Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV), and bat-SARS-related coronaviruses.3,4 It is worth mentioning that SARS-COV, which was widespread in 2002 caused more than 8000 cases and about 800 deaths and MERS-COV in 2012 also spread in more than 25 countries, causing about 2500 cases and more than 850 deaths. (www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus).5
T18 1123-1407 Sentence denotes In all coronaviruses, a homotrimeric spike glycoprotein on the virion’s envelope mediates coronavirus entry into host cells through a mechanism of receptor binding followed by fusion of viral and host membranes.3,6 Coronavirus spike protein contains two functional subunits S1 and S2.
T19 1408-1869 Sentence denotes The S1 subunit is responsible for binding to host cell receptor, and the S2 subunit is responsible for fusion of viral and host cell membranes.3,7 The spike protein in nCOV-2019 exists in a meta-stable pre-fusion conformation that undergoes a substantial conformational rearrangement to fuse the viral membrane with the host cell membrane.7,8 nCOV-2019 is closely related to bat coronavirus RaTG13 with about 93.1% sequence similarity in the spike protein gene.
T20 1870-2091 Sentence denotes The sequence similarity of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV is less than 80% in the spike sequence.2 The S1 subunit in the spike protein includes a receptor binding domain (RBD) that recognizes and binds to the host cells receptor.
T21 2092-2795 Sentence denotes The RBD of nCOV-2019 shares 72.8% sequence identity to SARS-COV RBD and the root mean squared deviation (RMSD) for the structure between the two proteins is 1.2Å, which shows the high structural similarity.4,8,9 Experimental binding affinity measurements using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have shown that nCOV-2019 spike protein binds its receptor human angiotensin converter enzyme (ACE2) with 10 to 20 fold higher affinity than SARS-COV binding to ACE2.7 Based on the sequence similarity between RBD of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV and also the tight binding between the RBD of nCOV-2019 and ACE2, it is most probable that nCOV-2019 uses this receptor on human cells to gain entry into the body.3,6,7,10
T22 2796-2908 Sentence denotes The spike protein and specifically the RBD in coronaviruses have been a major target for therapeutic antibodies.
T23 2909-3142 Sentence denotes However, no monoclonal antibodies targeted to RBD have been able to bind efficiently and neutralize nCOV-2019.7,11 The core of nCOV-2019 RBD is a five-stranded antiparallel β-sheet with connected short α-helices and loops (Figure 1).
T24 3143-3242 Sentence denotes The binding interface of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV with ACE2 is very similar with less than 1.3Å RMSD.
T25 3243-3401 Sentence denotes An extended insertion inside the core containing short strands, α-helices, and loops called the receptor binding motif (RBM) makes all the contacts with ACE2.
T26 3402-3531 Sentence denotes In nCOV-2019 RBD, the RBM forms a concave surface with a ridge loop on one side and it binds to a convex exposed surface of ACE2.
T27 3532-3601 Sentence denotes The overlay of SARS and nCOV-2019 RBD proteins is shown in Figure 1A.
T28 3602-3712 Sentence denotes The binding interface in nCOV-2019 contains loops L1 to L4 and short β-strands β5 and β6 and a short helix α5.
T29 3713-3821 Sentence denotes The location of RBM in nCOV-2019 RBD as well as different helices, strands, and loops is shown in Figure 1B.
T30 3822-3999 Sentence denotes Figure 1 (A) Superposition of the RBD of SARS-COV (yellow) and nCOV-2019 (red). (B) Different regions in the binding domain of nCOV-2019 defining the extended loop (nonyellow).
T31 4000-4132 Sentence denotes The sequence alignment between SARS-COV in human, SARS civet, Bat RaTG13 coronavirus, and nCOV-2019 in the RBM is shown in Figure 2.
T32 4133-4210 Sentence denotes There is a 50% sequence similarity between the RBM of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV.
T33 4211-4382 Sentence denotes RBM mutations played an important role in the SARS epidemic in 2002.3,12 Two mutations in the RBM of SARS-2002 from SARS-Civet were observed from strains of these viruses.
T34 4383-4424 Sentence denotes These two mutations were K479N and S487T.
T35 4425-4529 Sentence denotes These two residues are close to the virus binding hotspots in ACE2 including hotspot-31 and hotspot-353.
T36 4530-4658 Sentence denotes Hotspot-31 centers on the salt-bridge between K31-E35 and hotspot-353 are centered on the salt-bridge between K353-E358 on ACE2.
T37 4659-5346 Sentence denotes Residues K479 and S487 in SARS-Civet are in close proximity with these hotspots and mutations at these residues caused SARS to bind ACE2 with significantly higher affinity than SARS-civet and played a major role in civet-to-human and human-to-human transmission of SARS coronavirus in 2002.3,13−15 Numerous mutations in the interface of SARS-COV RBD and ACE2 from different strains of SARS isolated from humans in 2002 have been identified and the effect of these mutations on binding ACE2 has been investigated by SPR.14,16 Two identified RBD mutations (Y442F and L472F) increased the binding affinity of SARS-COV to ACE2 and two mutations (N479K, T487S) decreased the binding affinity.
T38 5347-6298 Sentence denotes It was demonstrated that these mutations were viral adaptations to either human or civet ACE2.14,16 A pseudotyped viral infection assay of the interaction between different spike proteins and ACE2 confirmed the correlation between high affinity mutants and their high infection.16 Further investigation of RBD residues in binding of SARS-COV and ACE2 was performed through ala-scanning mutagenesis, which resulted in identification of residues that reduce binding affinity to ACE2 upon mutation to alanine.17 RBD mutations have also been identified in MERS-COV, which affected their affinity to receptor (DPP4) on human cells.14 Multiple monoclonal antibodies have been developed for SARS since 2002 that neutralized the spike glycoprotein on the SARS-COV surface.18−22 However, multiple escape mutations exist in the RBD of SARS-COV that affect neutralization with antibodies, which led to the use of a cocktail of antibodies as a robust treatment.23
T39 6299-6392 Sentence denotes Figure 2 Sequence comparison of the RBM in SARS-2002, SARS-civet, Bat RaTG13, and nCOV-2019.
T40 6393-6452 Sentence denotes Mutations from SARS-2002 to nCOV-2019 are marked with blue.
T41 6453-6503 Sentence denotes Important mutations in RBM are marked with yellow.
T42 6504-6609 Sentence denotes Red color shows the three-residue motif in SARS and civet and four-residue motif in RaTG13 and nCOV-2019.
T43 6610-6768 Sentence denotes Full genome analysis of nCOV-2019 in different countries and the receptor binding surveillance have shown multiple mutations in the RBD of glycosylated spike.
T44 6769-6893 Sentence denotes The GISAID database24 (www.gisaid.org/) contains genomes on nCOV-2019 from researchers across the world since December 2019.
T45 6894-7163 Sentence denotes The latest report by the GISAID database on June 2020 has shown 25 different variants of RBD from strains of nCOV-2019 collected from different countries along with the number of occurrences in these regions which is listed below for the seven most occurring mutations:
T46 7164-7472 Sentence denotes 213x N439K (211 Scotland, England, and Romania), 65x T478I in England, 30x V483A (26 USA/WA, 2 USA/UN, USA/CT, and England), 10x G476S (8 USA/WA, USA/OR, and Belgium), 7x S494P (3 USA/MI, England, Spain, India, and Sweden), 5x V483F (4x Spain and England), and 4x A475V (2 USA/AZ, USA/NY, and Australia/NSW).
T47 7473-7572 Sentence denotes It is not known whether these mutations are linked to the severity of coronavirus in these regions.
T48 7573-7796 Sentence denotes Starr and co-workers25 performed a deep mutational scanning of nCOV-2019 RBD and used flow cytometry to measure the effect of single mutations on the expression of the folded protein as well as its binding affinity to ACE2.
T49 7797-7937 Sentence denotes They showed that RBD is very tolerant to these mutations to maintain its expression level as well as binding affinity to ACE2 in most cases.
T50 7938-8053 Sentence denotes According to their results, most natural mutations exert similar binding affinities to ACE2 as wild-type nCOV-2019.
T51 8054-8287 Sentence denotes Furthermore, they showed that mutations at critical positions at the RBD-ACE2 interface at nCOV-2019 such as residues Q493 and Q498 do not reduce the binding affinity to ACE2 which shows the substantial plasticity of the interface.25
T52 8288-8477 Sentence denotes Different groups have computationally studied the binding of nCOV-2019 RBD with ACE2.25−29 All these studies point to the higher binding affinity of nCOV-2019 RBD than SARS-COV RBD to ACE2.
T53 8478-8824 Sentence denotes Interestingly, the role of water-mediated interactions has been pointed out to be a driving force which is shown to be similar for both SARS-COV and nCOV-2019 RBD.27 Spinello and co-workers30 studied the binding of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV RBD to ACE2 and found that the former binds its receptor with 30 kcal/mol higher affinity than SARS-COV RBD.
T54 8825-8991 Sentence denotes Gao et al.31 used free energy perturbation (FEP) and showed that most amino acid mutations at the RBM from SARS-COV to nCOV-2019 increase the affinity of RBD to ACE2.
T55 8992-9274 Sentence denotes The focus of this article is to elucidate the differences between the interface of SARS-COV and nCOV-2019 with ACE2 to understand with atomic resolution the interaction mechanism and hotspot residues at the RBD/ACE2 interface using long-timescale molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.
T56 9275-9463 Sentence denotes An alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the RBM of nCOV-2019 helped to identify the key residues in the interaction, which could be used as potential pharmacophores for future drug development.
T57 9464-9644 Sentence denotes Furthermore, we performed molecular simulations on the seven most common mutations found from the surveillance of RBD mutations N439K, T478I, V483A, G476S, S494P, V483F, and A475V.
T58 9645-9790 Sentence denotes From an evolutionary perspective this study shows the residues in which the virus might further evolve to be even more dangerous to human health.
T59 9792-9799 Sentence denotes Methods
T60 9801-9843 Sentence denotes Sequence Comparison and Mutant Preparation
T61 9844-10512 Sentence denotes nCOV-2019 shares 76% sequence similarity with SARS-2002 spike protein, 73% sequence identity for RBD and 50% for the RBM.1 Bat coronavirus RaTG13 seems to be the closest relative of nCOV-2019 sharing about 93% sequence identity in the spike protein.6 The sequence alignment of SARS-2002 (accession number: AFR58742), SARS-civet (accession number: AY304486.1), Bat RaTG13 (accession number: MN996532.1), and nCOV-2019 (accession number: MN908947.1) is shown in Figure 2.6 To investigate the roles of critical mutations on the complex stability of nCOV-2019 with ACE2, mCSM-PPI2 webserver32 was used to find the residues in nCOV-2019 that are at the interface with ACE2.
T62 10513-10783 Sentence denotes This method uses a graph-based signature framework and predicts the effect of alanine substitution at interface residues on the binding energy of the complex, and 21 different residues were identified to be in contact with ACE2 and were chosen for further MD simulation.
T63 10784-11060 Sentence denotes On the other hand, mutations are also observed in the RBD domain from full genome analysis of different nCOV-2019 variants collected from different countries compiled in the GISAID database.24 The mutations selected are listed in Table S1 along with their location in the RBD.
T64 11062-11076 Sentence denotes MD Simulations
T65 11077-11210 Sentence denotes The crystal structure of nCOV-2019 in the complex with hACE2 (pdb id:6M0J)17 as well as the SARS-COV complex with human ACE2 (pdb id:
T66 11211-11367 Sentence denotes 6ACJ)33 were obtained from RCSB (www.rcsb.org).34 The RBD domain of nCOV-2019 comprises 194 residues (333–526) and SARS-COV includes 190 residues (323–512).
T67 11368-11454 Sentence denotes ACE2 protein contains 597 residues (19–615) in the complex structure for both systems.
T68 11455-11710 Sentence denotes All the structures including nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and all 21 alanine substitutions of nCOV-2019 were prepared and solvated in GROMACS.35 A TIP3P water model was used for the solvent and Param99SB-ILDN AMBER force field36,37 was used for all the complexes.
T69 11711-11904 Sentence denotes A few counter ions were added to each system to neutralize the charges on the RBD and ACE2 as the PBSA method for binding energy calculation is known to be problematic with high ionic strength.
T70 11905-11947 Sentence denotes Each system contained about 260,000 atoms.
T71 11948-12040 Sentence denotes It is important to note that, none of the RBD/ACE2 complexes studied here were glycosylated.
T72 12041-12160 Sentence denotes The glycosylation sites on RBD are far from the binding interface and do not interfere with the binding of RBD to ACE2.
T73 12161-12341 Sentence denotes Moreover, there are nine Cys residues at the RBD of nCOV-2019 and eight of them form four pairs of disulfide bonds (Cys336-Cys361, Cys379-Cys432, Cys391-Cys525, and Cys480-Cys488).
T74 12342-12434 Sentence denotes In total, 5000 steps of energy minimizations were done using the steepest descent algorithm.
T75 12435-12589 Sentence denotes In all steps, the LINCS algorithm was used to constrain all bonds containing hydrogen atoms and a time step of 2 fs was used as the integration time step.
T76 12590-12648 Sentence denotes Equilibration of all systems was performed in three steps.
T77 12649-13025 Sentence denotes In the first step, 100,000 steps of simulation were performed using a velocity-rescaling thermostat to maintain the temperature at 310 K with a 0.1 ps coupling constant in an NVT ensemble under periodic boundary conditions and harmonic restraints on the backbone and side-chain atoms of the complex.38 A velocity rescaling thermostat was used in all other steps of simulation.
T78 13026-13346 Sentence denotes In the next step, we performed 300,000 steps in the isothermal-isobaric NPT ensemble at a temperature of 310 K and pressure of 1 bar using a Berendsen barostat.39 This was done through decreasing the force constant of the restraint on the backbone and side-chain atoms of the complex from 1000 to 100 and finally to 10 .
T79 13347-13467 Sentence denotes The Berendsen barostat was only used for the equilibration step because of its usefulness in rapidly correcting density.
T80 13468-13605 Sentence denotes In the next step, the restraints were removed, and the systems were subjected to 1,000,000 steps of MD simulation under the NPT ensemble.
T81 13606-13876 Sentence denotes In the production run, harmonic restraints were removed and all the systems were simulated using a NPT ensemble where the pressure was maintained at 1 bar using the Parrinello-Rahman barostat40 with a compressibility of 4.5 × 10–5bar–1 and a coupling constant of 0.5 ps.
T82 13877-14379 Sentence denotes It is important to note that the Berendsen barostat was only used for the equilibration step as it was shown that this barostat can cause unrealistic temperature gradients.41 The production run lasted for 500 ns for SARS-COV and nCOV-2019 complexes and 300 ns for all the mutants with a 2 fs timestep and the particle-mesh Ewald42 for long range electrostatic interactions using the GROMACS 2018.3 package.43 All mutant systems were constructed as described before and ran for 300 ns of production run.
T83 14380-14487 Sentence denotes In addition, the simulation time for a few mutants (Y449A, T478I, Y489A, and S494P) was extended to 500 ns.
T84 14489-14529 Sentence denotes Gibbs Free Energy and Correlated Motions
T85 14530-14936 Sentence denotes The last 400 ns of simulation was used to explore the dominant motions in SARS-COV, nCOV-2019 and the mutations with extended simulation, and last 200 ns for all other mutants using principal component analysis (PCA) as part of the quasiharmonic analysis method.44 For this method the rotational and translational motions of RBD of all systems were eliminated by fitting to a reference (crystal) structure.
T86 14937-15180 Sentence denotes Next, 4000 snapshots from the last 400 ns of SARS-COV, nCOV-2019 and mutations with extended simulation time, and 2000 snapshots from last 200 ns of all other mutant systems were taken to generate the covariance matrix between Cα atoms of RBD.
T87 15181-15267 Sentence denotes In the mutant systems with production run, the last 400 ns was used for this analysis.
T88 15268-15601 Sentence denotes Diagonalization of this matrix resulted in a diagonal matrix of eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors.43,45 The first eigenvector which indicate the first principal component was used to visualize the dominant global motions of all complexes through porcupine plots using the (PorcupinePlot.tcl) script in visual MD (VMD).
T89 15602-15704 Sentence denotes The principal components were used to calculate and plot the approximate free energy landscape (aFEL).
T90 15705-16065 Sentence denotes We refer to the FEL produced by this approach to be approximate in that the ensemble with respect to the first few PC’s (lowest frequency quasiharmonic modes) is not close to convergence, but the analysis can still provide valuable information and insight. g_sham, g_covar, and g_anaeig functions in GROMACS35 were used to obtain principal components and aFEL.
T91 16066-16317 Sentence denotes The dynamic cross-correlation maps (DCCM) were obtained using the MD_TASK package to identify the correlated motions of RBD residues.46 In DCCM, the cross-correlation matrix Cij is obtained from displacement of backbone Cα atoms at a time interval Δt.
T92 16318-16495 Sentence denotes The DCCM was constructed using the last 400 ns of SARS-COV and nCOV-2019 and the extended mutant systems and last 200 ns of all other mutant systems with a 100 ps time interval.
T93 16496-16627 Sentence denotes Hydrogen bonds were analyzed in VMD where the distance cutoff was 3.2Å and the angle cutoff between the donor and acceptor was 30°.
T94 16629-16711 Sentence denotes Binding Free Energy from Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area Method
T95 16712-17087 Sentence denotes The molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) method was applied to calculate the binding energy between RBD and ACE2 in all complexes.47,48 For SARS-COV and nCOV-2019, 200 snapshots of the last 400 ns and for the mutant systems and 100 snapshots of the last 200 ns simulation were used for the calculation of binding free energies with an interval of 2 ns.
T96 17088-17285 Sentence denotes Simulation for a few mutant systems (Y449A, T478I, Y489A, and S494P) was extended to 400 ns, and the binding energies were calculated for the last 400 ns to assess the convergence of free energies.
T97 17286-17369 Sentence denotes The binding free energy of a ligand–receptor complex can be calculated as:1 2 3 4 5
T98 17370-17577 Sentence denotes In these equations, ΔEMM, ΔGbind, solv, and −TΔS are calculated in the gas phase. ΔEMM is the gas phase molecular mechanical energy changes which includes covalent, electrostatic, and van der Waals energies.
T99 17578-17782 Sentence denotes Based on previous studies, the entropy change during binding is small and neglected in these calculations.48−50 ΔGbind, solv is the solvation free energy which comprises the polar and nonpolar components.
T100 17783-17916 Sentence denotes The polar solvation is calculated using the MMPBSA method by setting a value of 80 and 2 for solvent and solute dielectric constants.
T101 17917-18038 Sentence denotes The nonpolar free energy is simply estimated from the solvent accessible surface area (SASA) of the solute from the eq 5.
T102 18040-18047 Sentence denotes Results
T103 18049-18068 Sentence denotes Structural Dynamics
T104 18069-18302 Sentence denotes To compute the RMSD of systems, the rotational and translational movements were removed by first fitting the Cα atoms of the RBD to the crystal structure and then computing the RMSD with respect to the Cα atoms of RBD in each system.
T105 18303-18392 Sentence denotes Figure 3 shows the RMSD plot in the RBD of SARS-COV, nCOV-2019, and some of its variants.
T106 18393-18513 Sentence denotes Comparison of the RMSD of SARS and nCOV-2019 RBD shows that SARS-COV has a larger RMSD throughout the 500 ns simulation.
T107 18514-18683 Sentence denotes In nCOV-2019, the RMSD is very stable with a value of about 1.5 Å, whereas in SARS-COV, the RMSD increases up to ∼4 Å after 100 ns and then fluctuates between 3 and 4 Å.
T108 18684-18789 Sentence denotes The change in RMSD of SARS is partially related to the motion in the C-terminal which is a flexible loop.
T109 18790-18871 Sentence denotes Figure 3 Cα RMSD plots for nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV and a few nCOV-2019 mutations.
T110 18872-18952 Sentence denotes The RMSD plots for the nCOV-2019 mutants show similar behaviors to nCOV-2019-wt.
T111 18953-19094 Sentence denotes In most of the variants, the RMSD is very stable during the 300 ns simulation which shows the great tolerance of the interface for mutations.
T112 19095-19146 Sentence denotes However, a few mutations showed some RMSD variance.
T113 19147-19234 Sentence denotes In mutation Y489A, the RMSD increases from 1.37 ± 0.21 Å to1.88 ± 0.16 Å after 2000 ns.
T114 19235-19347 Sentence denotes Mutation Y505A resulted in an increase in RMSD up to 100 ns to a value to 1.98 ± 0.20 Å and decreased afterward.
T115 19348-19435 Sentence denotes The RMSD for mutation N487A shows an increasing behavior with a value of 2.10 ± 0.23 Å.
T116 19436-19501 Sentence denotes Mutations N439K, V483A, and V483F showed a stable RMSD of ∼1.5 Å.
T117 19502-19578 Sentence denotes For mutations T478I, G476S, S494P, and A475V, the RMSD increases up to ∼2 Å.
T118 19579-19681 Sentence denotes These variations in the backbone RMSD show the involvement of these residues in the complex stability.
T119 19682-19736 Sentence denotes RMSD plots for other mutations are shown in Figure S1.
T120 19737-19938 Sentence denotes Since the extended loop (residues 449 to 510 shown in Figure 1B from α4 to α5) of the RBD makes all contacts with ACE2, the RMSD was computed by also fitting to the Cα atoms of this region (Figure S2).
T121 19939-20109 Sentence denotes The extended loop in nCOV-2019 is very stable with less deviation (RMSD = 0.86 ± 0.017 Å) from the crystal structure compared to SARS-COV having an RMSD of 2.79 ± 0.05 Å.
T122 20110-20185 Sentence denotes Few of the mutants show an increase in the loop RMSD during the simulation.
T123 20186-20333 Sentence denotes In mutants N487A and Y449A the loop RMSD jumps to a value of about 1.95 ± 0.12 Å and 1.94 ± 0.24 Å, respectively, after about 200 ns of simulation.
T124 20334-20454 Sentence denotes Mutants G447A and E484A show a loop RMSD values of 2.22 ± 0.03 Å and 1.96 ± 0.02 Å during the last 100 ns of simulation.
T125 20455-20541 Sentence denotes Other mutants showed a stable extended loop (observed in loop RMSD) during simulation.
T126 20542-20642 Sentence denotes The stability of extended loop for mutant systems confirms the high tolerance of this region of RBD.
T127 20643-20779 Sentence denotes To characterize the dynamic behavior for each amino acid in the RBD, we analyzed the root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) of all systems.
T128 20780-20923 Sentence denotes The RMSF plots for nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and four other mutations are shown in Figure 4. nCOV-2019 shows less fluctuations compared to SARS-COV.
T129 20924-21066 Sentence denotes L3 in nCOV-2019 corresponding to residues 476 to 487 (shown in red in Figure 4) has smaller RMSF (1.5 Å) than SARS-COV L3 residues 463 to 474.
T130 21067-21149 Sentence denotes L1 in both nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV (green) has small fluctuation (less than 1.5 Å).
T131 21150-21245 Sentence denotes Moreover, the C-terminal residues of SARS-COV show high fluctuation (Figure 4 shown in orange).
T132 21246-21292 Sentence denotes Few mutants show higher fluctuation in the L1.
T133 21293-21390 Sentence denotes Mutants Y505A and S494A had a RMSF of 2.5 Å and mutation N487A had a RMSF of about 4 Å in the L1.
T134 21391-21447 Sentence denotes Mutation Y449A has a higher RMSF of about 3 Å in the L3.
T135 21448-21529 Sentence denotes Mutants G496A, E484A, and G447A show a high fluctuation of about 4.5 Å in the L3.
T136 21530-21579 Sentence denotes The RMSF of other variants is shown in Figure S3.
T137 21580-21660 Sentence denotes Figure 4 RMSF plots for nCOV-2019-wt, SARS-COV, Y505A, N487A, G496A, and E484A.
T138 21661-21767 Sentence denotes The red shaded region shows the fluctuation in L1 and the green shaded region shows the fluctuation in L3.
T139 21768-21845 Sentence denotes The orange shaded region in SARS-COV shows the fluctuation in the C-terminal.
T140 21846-21919 Sentence denotes For comparison, the RMSF of nCOV-2019-wt is shown as cyan in other plots.
T141 21921-21933 Sentence denotes PCA and aFEL
T142 21934-22034 Sentence denotes To identify the dominant motions in the nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and all the mutants, PCA was performed.
T143 22035-22240 Sentence denotes Most of the combined motions were captured by the first ten eigenvectors generated from the last 400 ns for SARS-COV, nCOV-2019, and extended mutant systems and the last 200 ns for other nCOV-2019 mutants.
T144 22241-22355 Sentence denotes The percentage of the motions captured by the first three eigenvectors was 51% for nCOV-2019 and 68% for SARS-COV.
T145 22356-22449 Sentence denotes In all mutations, more than 50% of the motions were captured by the first three eigenvectors.
T146 22450-22610 Sentence denotes The first few PC’s describe the highest motions in a protein which are related to a functional motion such as binding or unbinding of protein from the receptor.
T147 22611-22810 Sentence denotes The first three eigenvectors were used to calculate the aFEL using the last 400 ns of simulation for nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV as shown in Figure 5, which displays the variance in conformational motion.
T148 22811-22909 Sentence denotes SARS-COV showed two distinct low free energy states shown as blue separated by a metastable state.
T149 22910-23011 Sentence denotes There is a clear separation between the two regions by a free energy barrier of about 6–7.5 kcal/mol.
T150 23012-23127 Sentence denotes These two states correspond to the loop motions in the L3 as well as the motion in C-terminal residues of SARS-COV.
T151 23128-23276 Sentence denotes The L3 motion in nCOV-2019 is stabilized by the H-bond between N487 on RBD and Y83 on ACE2 as well as a π-stacking interaction between F486 and Y83.
T152 23277-23473 Sentence denotes It is evident that the nCOV-2019 RBD is more stable than SASR-COV RBD and exists in one conformation whereas the SARS-COV interface fluctuates and the aFEL is separated into two different regions.
T153 23474-23695 Sentence denotes The first two eigenvectors were used to calculate and plot the aFEL as a function of first two principal components using the last 200 ns of the simulation for mutant systems. aFEL for other systems is shown in Figure S4.
T154 23696-23855 Sentence denotes Figure 5 Mapping of the principal components of the RBD for the aFEL from the last 400 ns of simulations for SARS-COV (top row) and nCOV-2019-wt (bottom row).
T155 23856-23914 Sentence denotes The color bar is relative to the lowest free energy state.
T156 23915-24193 Sentence denotes In each system, the first eigenvector was used to construct the porcupine plots to visualize the most dominant movements (Figure S5). nCOV-2019 showed a small motion in L3 and the core region and the extended loop region are very rigid showing small cones in the porcupine plot.
T157 24194-24299 Sentence denotes The core structure of the RBD remains dormant as the cones are blue in most of the regions (Figure S5-A).
T158 24300-24369 Sentence denotes In SARS-COV, the C-terminal region shows large motions (Figure S5-B).
T159 24370-24427 Sentence denotes Mutation N487A showed a large motion in L1 (Figure S5-C).
T160 24428-24506 Sentence denotes Mutations Y449A, G447A, and E484A demonstrate large motions in L3 (Figure S5).
T161 24507-24616 Sentence denotes Overall, these plots show the involvement of these residues in the dynamic stability of the RBD/ACE2 complex.
T162 24618-24622 Sentence denotes DCCM
T163 24623-24869 Sentence denotes The correlated motions of RBD atoms were also analyzed with the DCCM based on the Cα atoms of RBD from the last 400 ns of simulation for nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and extended mutant systems and the last 200 ns for the other mutant systems (Figure 6).
T164 24870-25069 Sentence denotes The DCCM for nCOV-2019 showed a correlation between residues 490–505 (containing α5, L4 and β5 regions) and residues 440–455 (containing α4, L1 and β5 regions) shown in the red rectangle in Figure 6.
T165 25070-25157 Sentence denotes This correlation showed the coordination of these regions for binding ACE2 effectively.
T166 25158-25276 Sentence denotes Another important correlation that appears in the DCCM of nCOV-2019 is between residues 473–481 with residues 482–491.
T167 25277-25378 Sentence denotes These residues are in L3 and β6 regions and their correlation in nCOV-2019 is stronger than SARS-COV.
T168 25379-25490 Sentence denotes This is due to the presence of the β6 strand in nCOV-2019, whereas in SARS-COV these residues all belong to L3.
T169 25491-25680 Sentence denotes This indicates that L3 in nCOV-2019 has evolved from SARS-COV to adopt a new secondary structure, which causes strong correlation and makes the loop act as a recognition region for binding.
T170 25681-25744 Sentence denotes The correlation in L3 is shown as a blue rectangle in Figure 6.
T171 25745-25841 Sentence denotes Some of the mutations disrupted the patterns of correlation and anticorrelation in nCOV-2019-wt.
T172 25842-25930 Sentence denotes Mutation N487A showed a stronger correlation in L3 and β6 strand than the wild-type RBD.
T173 25931-26002 Sentence denotes In mutation E484A, correlation in L3 is stronger than the nCOV-2019-wt.
T174 26003-26049 Sentence denotes DCCM for other mutants are shown in Figure S6.
T175 26050-26221 Sentence denotes It is worth mentioning that mutation F486A disrupts the DCCM of nCOV-2019 by introducing strong correlations in the core region of RBD as well as the extended loop region.
T176 26222-26371 Sentence denotes Residue F486 resides in L3 and plays a crucial role in stabilizing the recognition loop by making a π-stacking interaction with residue Y83A on ACE2.
T177 26372-26463 Sentence denotes Figure 6 DCCM for nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and mutants with residue numbers of the RBD domain.
T178 26464-26553 Sentence denotes Red boxes show the correlation between α5, L4, and β5 regions and α4, L1, and β5 regions.
T179 26554-26607 Sentence denotes Blue boxes show the correlation in L3 and β6 regions.
T180 26609-26630 Sentence denotes Binding Free Energies
T181 26631-27135 Sentence denotes The binding energetics between ACE2 and the RBD of SARS-COV, nCOV-2019, and all its mutant complexes were investigated by the MMPBSA method.48 The binding energy was partitioned into its individual components including: electrostatic, van der Waals, polar solvation, and SASA to identify important factors affecting the interface of RBD and ACE2 in all complexes. nCOV-2019 has a total binding energy of −50.22 ± 1.93 kcal/mol, whereas SARS-COV has a much higher binding energy of −18.79 ± 1.53 kcal/mol.
T182 27136-27378 Sentence denotes Decomposition of binding energy to its components show that the most striking difference between nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV is the electrostatic contribution which is −746.69 ± 2.66 kcal/mol for nCOV-2019 and −600.14 ± 7.65 kcal/mol for SARS-COV.
T183 27379-27683 Sentence denotes This high electrostatic contribution is compensated by a large polar solvation free energy which is 797.30 ± 3.12kcal/mol for nCOV-2019 and 659.61 ± 8.98 kcal/mol for SARS-COV. nCOV-2019 also possess a higher van der Waals (vdw) contribution (−89.93 ± 0.46 kcal/mol than SARS-COV (−70.07 ± 1.22 kcal/mol.
T184 27684-27803 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the SASA contribution to binding for SARS-COV was −8.30 ± 0.15 kcal/mol and −10.58 kcal/mol for nCOV-2019.
T185 27804-27935 Sentence denotes Both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions play major roles in the higher affinity of nCOV-2019 RBD than SARS-COV RBD to ACE2.
T186 27936-28192 Sentence denotes The binding free energies for nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV were decomposed into a per-residue based binding energy to find the residues that contribute strongly to the binding and are responsible for higher binding affinity of nCOV-2019 than SARS-COV (Figure 7).
T187 28193-28312 Sentence denotes Most of the residues in the RBM of nCOV-2019 had more favorable contribution to the total binding energy than SARS-COV.
T188 28313-28463 Sentence denotes Residues Q498, Y505, N501, Q493, and K417 in nCOV-2019 RBM contributed more than 5 kcal/mol to binding affinity and are crucial for complex formation.
T189 28464-28553 Sentence denotes A few residues such as E484 and S494 contributed unfavorably to the total binding energy.
T190 28554-28674 Sentence denotes Among all the interface residues K417 had the highest contribution to the total binding energy (−12.34 ± 0.23 kcal/mol).
T191 28675-28845 Sentence denotes The corresponding residue in SARS-COV is V404 only had a −0.02 ± 0.01 kcal/mol contribution, which points to the importance of this residue for nCOV-2019 binding to ACE2.
T192 28846-29004 Sentence denotes Residue Q498 contributed −6.72 ± 0.18 kcal/mol and its corresponding residue in SARS-COV is a Y484 that contributed to total binding by −1.83 ± 0.06 kcal/mol.
T193 29005-29184 Sentence denotes Other important residues Y505 and N501 have more negative contribution to total binding energy than their counterparts in SARS-COV residues Y491 and T487, respectively (Figure 7).
T194 29185-29405 Sentence denotes Residue D480 in SARS-COV contributed positively to binding energy by 6.2 ± 0.15 kcal/mol and the corresponding residue in nCOV-2019 which is a S494 residue lowered this positive contribution to only 1.17 ± 0.06 kcal/mol.
T195 29406-29814 Sentence denotes Mutation D480A/G appeared to be a dominant mutation in SARS-COV in 2002–2003.51 This mutation was reported to escape neutralization by antibody 80R.52 To investigate the effect of this point mutation on binding of SARS-COV RBD to ACE2 we performed an additional simulation and calculated the binding affinity for this mutant in SARS-COV RBD with the same approach for other mutation in this study (Figure 8).
T196 29815-29946 Sentence denotes D480A mutation showed a binding affinity of 23.46 ± 3.07 kcal/mol which is about 5 kcal/mol higher than the wild-type SARS-COV RBD.
T197 29947-30154 Sentence denotes In SARS-COV, residue R426 had the highest contribution to the total binding energy (−6.27 ± 0.22 kcal/mol although the corresponding residue in nCOV-2019 is N439 with a contribution of −0.32 ± 0.02 kcal/mol.
T198 30155-30300 Sentence denotes These important mutations on RBM of nCOV-2019 from SARS-COV caused RBD of nCOV-2019 to bind ACE2 with much stronger (about 30 kcal/mol) affinity.
T199 30301-30390 Sentence denotes Figure 7 Binding energy decomposition per residue for the RBM of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV.
T200 30391-30463 Sentence denotes Figure 8 Total free binding energy of SARS-COV, nCOV-2019, and mutants.
T201 30464-30513 Sentence denotes Natural mutants are shown with X at the bar base.
T202 30514-30620 Sentence denotes Binding free energy decomposition to its individual components for all mutants is represented in Table S2.
T203 30621-30807 Sentence denotes In all complexes, a large positive polar solvation free energy disfavors the binding and complex formation, which is compensated by a large negative electrostatic free energy of binding.
T204 30808-30847 Sentence denotes All variants had similar SASA energies.
T205 30848-30961 Sentence denotes The vdw free energy of binding ranged from −84.68 ± 0.68 kcal/mol for Q493A to −103.85 ± 0.66 kcal/mol for Y489A.
T206 30962-31199 Sentence denotes Mutant K417A had the lowest electrostatic contribution to binding −415.67 ± 5.07 kcal/mol and mutants N439K and E484A had the highest electrostatic binding contribution of −989.80 ± 5.6 kcal/mol and −941.20 ± 3.95 kcal/mol, respectively.
T207 31200-31362 Sentence denotes Most alanine substitutions exhibited similar or lower total binding affinities to nCOV-2019, however a few mutants had higher binding affinity than the wild type.
T208 31363-31493 Sentence denotes Mutant Y489A had a total binding energy of −61.78 ± 2.59 kcal/mol which was about 11 kcal/mol lower than wild type binding energy.
T209 31494-31591 Sentence denotes Mutants G446A, G447A, and T478I also demonstrated higher total binding affinities than nCOV-2019.
T210 31592-31677 Sentence denotes Other alanine substitutions had similar or lower total binding energy than nCOV-2019.
T211 31678-31793 Sentence denotes Mutant G502A has the lowest binding affinity among all the mutants with a binding energy of −24.31 ± 2.98 kcal/mol.
T212 31794-31939 Sentence denotes Mutant systems K417A, L455A, T500A, and N501A are the other mutants with total binding affinities significantly lower than the wild type complex.
T213 31940-32048 Sentence denotes The electrostatic component of binding contributes the most to the low binding affinities for these mutants.
T214 32049-32175 Sentence denotes The contribution of RBM residues to binding with ACE2 for nCOV-2019 was mapped to the RBD structure and is shown in Figure 9B.
T215 32176-32321 Sentence denotes Figure 9 (A) H bonds between RBD of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV. (B) Mapping contribution of interface residues to structure in the RBD of nCOV-2019.
T216 32322-32363 Sentence denotes The RBD is purple and the ACE2 is yellow.
T217 32364-32541 Sentence denotes The RBD in contact with AC2 is rendered in a surface format with more red being a favorable contribution to binding (more negative) and blue unfavorable contribution (positive).
T218 32542-32654 Sentence denotes Most natural mutants exhibited similar binding affinities compared to wild-type nCOV-2019 with a few exceptions.
T219 32655-32826 Sentence denotes Mutation T478I which is one of the most frequent mutations based on the GISAID database has a binding affinity which is about 6 kcal/mol higher than that of the wild-type.
T220 32827-32911 Sentence denotes S494P and A475V showed a slightly lower binding affinity than the wild-type complex.
T221 32912-32985 Sentence denotes Other natural mutants showed binding affinities similar to wild-type RBD.
T222 32986-33185 Sentence denotes N439K demonstrated a high electrostatic energy which is compensated by large polar solvation energy and this mutant has a total binding energy of −48.27 ± 3.07 kcal/mol which is similar to nCOV-2019.
T223 33187-33247 Sentence denotes Hydrogen Bond, Salt-Bridge, and Hydrophobic Contact Analysis
T224 33248-33552 Sentence denotes Important hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) and salt bridges between nCOV-2019 RBD or SARS-COV RBD and ACE2 for the last 400 ns of trajectory are shown in Table 1. nCOV-2019 RBD makes 10 H-bonds/1 salt bridge with ACE2, whereas SARS-COV makes only 5 H-bonds/1 salt bridge with ACE2 with more than 30% persistence.
T225 33553-33658 Sentence denotes Table 1 H-Bonds and Salt-Bridges between nCOV-2019 and ACE2 and SARS-COV and ACE2 that Persist for >30%a
T226 33659-33719 Sentence denotes # nCOV-2019 ACE2 % occupancy SARS-COV ACE2 % occupancy
T227 33720-33752 Sentence denotes 1 G502 K353 89 Y436 D38 96
T228 33753-33788 Sentence denotes 2 Q493 E35 83 R426 E329 87
T229 33789-33821 Sentence denotes 3 N487 Y83 80 T486 D355 83
T230 33822-33854 Sentence denotes 4 Q498 D38 73 G488 K353 80
T231 33855-33889 Sentence denotes 5 K417 D30 55 N479 K31 52
T232 33890-33922 Sentence denotes 6 T500 D355 53 Y440 H34 47
T233 33923-33948 Sentence denotes 7 Y505 E37 52      
T234 33949-33975 Sentence denotes 8 Q498 K353 49      
T235 33976-34001 Sentence denotes 9 Y449 D38 45      
T236 34002-34029 Sentence denotes 10 G496 K353 37      
T237 34030-34056 Sentence denotes 11 Q493 K31 32      
T238 34057-34089 Sentence denotes a Salt bridge is shown as bold.
T239 34090-34204 Sentence denotes The evolution of the coronavirus from SARS-COV to nCOV-2019 has reshaped the interfacial hydrogen bonds with ACE2.
T240 34205-34273 Sentence denotes G502 in nCOV-2019 has a persistent H-bond with residue K353 on ACE2.
T241 34274-34355 Sentence denotes This residue was G488 in SARS-COV, which also makes the H-bond with K353 on ACE2.
T242 34356-34432 Sentence denotes Q493 in nCOV-2019 makes H-bond with E35 and another H-bond with K31 on ACE2.
T243 34433-34516 Sentence denotes This residue was an N479 in SARS-COV, which only makes one H-bond with K31 on ACE2.
T244 34517-34610 Sentence denotes An important mutation from SARS-COV to nCOV-2019 is residue Q498, which was Y484 in SARS-COV.
T245 34611-34721 Sentence denotes Q498 makes two H-bonds with residues D38 and K353 on ACE2, whereas Y484 in SARS-COV does not make any H-bonds.
T246 34722-34866 Sentence denotes Importantly, a salt bridge between K417 and D30 in the nCOV-2019/ACE2 complex contributes to the total binding energy by −12.34 ± 0.23 kcal/mol.
T247 34867-34977 Sentence denotes This residue is V404 in SARS-COV which is not able to make any salt-bridge and does not make H-bond with ACE2.
T248 34978-35123 Sentence denotes Gao et al.27 used a FEP approach and showed that mutation V404 to K417 lowers the binding energy of nCOV-2019 RBD to ACE2 by −2.2 ± 0.9 kcal/mol.
T249 35124-35215 Sentence denotes A salt bridge between R426 on RBD and E329 on ACE2 stabilizes the complex in SARS-COV/ACE2.
T250 35216-35309 Sentence denotes This residue is N439 in nCOV-2019 which is unable to make salt-bridge with ACE2 residue E329.
T251 35310-35481 Sentence denotes One of the most observed mutations in nCOV-2019 according to the GISAID database is N439K which recovers some of the electrostatic interactions with ACE2 at this position.
T252 35482-35556 Sentence denotes Y436 in SARS-COV and Y449 in nCOV-2019 both make H-bonds with D38 on ACE2.
T253 35557-35683 Sentence denotes The unchanged T486 in SARS-COV corresponds to T500 in nCOV-2019, both of which make consistent H-bonds with ACE2 residue D355.
T254 35684-35786 Sentence denotes Hydrophobic interactions also play an important role in stabilizing the RBD/ACE2 complex in nCOV-2019.
T255 35787-35907 Sentence denotes An important interaction between nCOV-2019 RBD and ACE2 is the π-stacking interaction between F486 (RBD) and Y83 (ACE2).
T256 35908-36010 Sentence denotes This interaction helps in stabilizing L3 in nCOV-2019 compared to SARS-COV where this residue is L472.
T257 36011-36157 Sentence denotes It was observed by Gao et al.26 that mutation L472 to F486 in nCOV-2019 results in a net change in the binding free energy of −1.2 ± 0.2 kcal/mol.
T258 36158-36297 Sentence denotes Other interfacial residues in nCOV-2019 RBD that participate in the hydrophobic interaction with ACE2 are L455, F456, Y473, A475, and Y489.
T259 36298-36387 Sentence denotes It is interesting to note that all these residues except Y489 have mutated from SARS-COV.
T260 36388-36640 Sentence denotes Spinello and co-workers30 performed long-timescale (1μs) simulation of nCOV-2019/ACE2 and SARS-COV ACE2 and found that L3 in nCOV-2019 is more stable due to presence of the β6 strand and existence of two H-bonds in L3 (H-bonds G485-C488 and Q474-G476).
T261 36641-36816 Sentence denotes Importantly, an amino acid insertion in L3 makes this loop longer than L3 in SARS-COV and enables it to act like a recognition loop and make more persistent H-bonds with ACE2.
T262 36817-36977 Sentence denotes L455 in nCOV-2019 RBD is important for hydrophobic interaction with ACE2 and mutation L455A lowers the vdw contribution of binding affinity by about 5 kcal/mol.
T263 36978-37051 Sentence denotes The H-bonds between RBD of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV are shown in Figure 9A.
T264 37052-37175 Sentence denotes The structural details discussed here are in agreement with other structural studies of the nCOV-2019 RBD/ACE2 complex.4,53
T265 37176-37315 Sentence denotes H-bond analysis was also performed for the mutant systems and the results for H-bonds with more than 40% consistency are shown in Table S3.
T266 37316-37423 Sentence denotes Few of the alanine substitutions increase the number of interfacial H-bonds between nCOV-2019 RBD and ACE2.
T267 37424-37526 Sentence denotes Interestingly, the ala-substitution at Y489A increased the number of H-bonds in the wild-type complex.
T268 37527-37703 Sentence denotes Mutation in some of the residues having consistent H-bonds in the wild type complex such as Q498A and Q493A, stunningly maintain the number of H-bonds in the wild-type complex.
T269 37704-37871 Sentence denotes This indicates that the plasticity in the network of H-bonds in RBM of nCOV-2019 can reshape the network and strengthen other H-bonds upon mutation in these locations.
T270 37872-37953 Sentence denotes However, few mutations decrease the number of H-bonds from the wild-type complex.
T271 37954-38073 Sentence denotes Alanine substitution at residue G502 has a significant effect on the network of H-bonds between nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV.
T272 38074-38165 Sentence denotes This residue locates at the end of L4 loop near two other important residues Q498 and T500.
T273 38166-38217 Sentence denotes This mutation breaks the H-bonds at these residues.
T274 38218-38318 Sentence denotes Mutation K417A decreases the number of H-bonds to only 5 where the H-bond at residue Q498 is broken.
T275 38319-38453 Sentence denotes This indicates the delicate nature of the H-bond from residue Q498 which can easily be broken upon ala-substitution at other residues.
T276 38454-38549 Sentence denotes Furthermore, mutation N487 also decreases the number of H-bonds by breaking the H-bond at Q498.
T277 38551-38561 Sentence denotes Discussion
T278 38562-38715 Sentence denotes In this work, we preformed MD simulations to unveil the detailed molecular mechanism for the receptor binding of nCOV-2019 and compared it with SARS-COV.
T279 38716-38828 Sentence denotes The role of key residues at the interface of nCOV-2019 with ACE2 was investigated by computational ala-scanning.
T280 38829-38995 Sentence denotes A rigorous 500 ns MD simulation was performed for nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and few mutants (Y449, T478I, Y489A, and S494P) as well as 300 ns MD simulation on each mutant.
T281 38996-39213 Sentence denotes These simulations aid in understanding the dynamic role of RBD/ACE2 interface residues and estimating the binding free energy of these variants, which shed light on crucial residues for the RBD/ACE2 complex stability.
T282 39214-39526 Sentence denotes Moreover, numerous mutations have been identified in the RBD of different nCOV-2019 strains from all over the world not known to be critical for infection.54 The effect of these mutations on the stability of the RBD/ACE2 complex was investigated to shed light on their role in the viral infection of coronavirus.
T283 39527-39786 Sentence denotes Changes in the RBD structure of nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and mutants from their crystal structure were analyzed by RMSD and RMSF. nCOV-2019 showed a stable structure with a RMSD =1.5 Å, whereas SARS-COV had a larger RMSD value between 3–4 Å during the simulation.
T284 39787-39861 Sentence denotes Most mutations of nCOV-2019 maintained similar stability to the wild-type.
T285 39862-39993 Sentence denotes However, a few nCOV-2019 mutations resulted in larger deviations (>2 Å), i.e., Y489A, F456A, Y505A, N487A, K417A, Y473A, and Y449A.
T286 39994-40238 Sentence denotes We further investigated the structure of the extended loop domain (Figure 1B) and discovered that nCOV-2019 is stable with an RMSD of less than 1 Å, whereas the extended loop in SARS-COV shows an RMSD of about 3 Å during simulation (Figure S2).
T287 40239-40284 Sentence denotes Some mutants showed high RMSD in this region.
T288 40285-40364 Sentence denotes Alanine-substitution at residue N487 increased the extended loop RMSD to 2.5 Å.
T289 40365-40458 Sentence denotes Other mutations that increased the extended loop RMSD (>2 Å) include Y449A, G477A, and E484A.
T290 40459-40549 Sentence denotes The dynamic behavior of RBD was further investigated by analyzing the RMSF of all systems.
T291 40550-40625 Sentence denotes As shown in Figure 4, nCOV-2019 shows less fluctuation in L3 than SARS-COV.
T292 40626-40851 Sentence denotes This is due to the presence of a four-residue motif (GQTQ) in nCOV-2019 L3, which forces the loop to adopt a compact structure by making two H-bonds (G485-C488 and Q474-G476) and thereby reducing the fluctuations in the loop.
T293 40852-40998 Sentence denotes Residues F486 and N487 play major roles in stabilizing the recognition loop by making π-stacking and H-bond interactions with residue Y83 on ACE2.
T294 40999-41058 Sentence denotes Alanine substitution at N487 introduced a large RMSF to L1.
T295 41059-41413 Sentence denotes Mutation L472 to F486 in SARS-COV was shown to favor binding by −1.2 ± 0.2 kcal/mol using FEP.26 In addition, this mutation was shown to be among the five mutations that produce a super affinity ACE2 binder based on SARS-COV RBD.6 Alanine mutations at residues Y449, G447, and E484 increased the motion in L3 characterized by a large RMSF in this region.
T296 41414-41652 Sentence denotes Using PCA, the aFEL for nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV demonstrated that the former occupies only one low energy state whereas the latter forms two distinct low energy basins separated by a metastable state with a barrier of about 6–7.5 kcal/mol.
T297 41653-41768 Sentence denotes This confirms that the level of binding for the RBD domain is weaker in SARS-COV due to the presence of two basins.
T298 41769-41903 Sentence denotes Similarly, alanine-substitution for a few residues caused the FEL to degenerate into separate multiple low energy regions (Figure S4).
T299 41904-42082 Sentence denotes Dominant motions in the RBD are visualized in Figure S5 using the first eigenvector of the PCA. nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV did not show any strong motion in the extended loop region.
T300 42083-42252 Sentence denotes Porcupine plots of alanine-mutants demonstrated that mutant N487A shows large motion in the L1 region and Y449A, G447A, and E484A showed large motions in L3 (Figure S5).
T301 42253-42463 Sentence denotes To better characterize the functional motions of RBD, DCCM for all systems are constructed and shown in Figure 6 and Figure S6. nCOV-2019 showed a large correlation between the α4-L1- β5 and α5- L4- β5 regions.
T302 42464-42554 Sentence denotes This correlation was stronger in SARS-COV and few mutants such as Y449A, G447A, and E484A.
T303 42555-42618 Sentence denotes Another important correlation in nCOV-2019 is inside L3 and β6.
T304 42619-42750 Sentence denotes This correlation is stronger in nCOV-2019 than SARS-COV due to the presence of β6 which makes the loop to adopt correlated motions.
T305 42751-42815 Sentence denotes Few mutants impact the correlation in this region such as N487A.
T306 42816-43071 Sentence denotes Interestingly, mutant F486A which is in L3 and participates in binding by π-stacking interaction with Y83 on ACE2, disrupts the DCCM of wild-type nCOV-2019 and introduces strong correlation in the extended loop region as well as the core structure of RBD.
T307 43072-43344 Sentence denotes The details of hydrogen bond and salt-bridge pattern in nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV to ACE2 (Table 1) are key to the virus attachment to the host. nCOV-2019 residues participate in 10 H-bonds/1 salt bridge with ACE2, whereas SARS-COV only has 5 H-bonds/1 salt bridge with ACE2.
T308 43345-43462 Sentence denotes This significantly contributes to ∼30 kcal/mol difference in the total binding free energy of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV.
T309 43463-43839 Sentence denotes The binding energies calculated here for nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV (−50.22 ± 1.93 and −18.79 ± 1.53 kcal/mol, respectively) are in good agreement with the binding energies calculated using the generalized Born method by Spinello et al.30 Moreover, the patterns of H-bonds between nCOV-2019 and ACE2 were also already characterized by other groups26,30 which agrees with our work.
T310 43840-43927 Sentence denotes An important H-bond between nCOV-2019 and ACE2 is between G502 on RBD and K353 of ACE2.
T311 43928-44007 Sentence denotes G502 is in the L4 region, which is populated by 5 H-bonds between RBD and ACE2.
T312 44008-44298 Sentence denotes The contribution of this residue to the total binding energy is −2.03 ± 0.04 kcal/mol and the Ala-substitution at G502 has the highest effect on the binding energy among all the residues by lowering the total binding affinity to 24.31 ± 2.98 kcal/mol, which is the lowest among all mutants.
T313 44299-44388 Sentence denotes This mutation breaks the other H-bonds in L4 such as H-bonds from residues Q498 and T500.
T314 44389-44512 Sentence denotes This residue is preserved and corresponds to residue G488 in SARS-COV, which also makes a H-bond with residue K353 on ACE2.
T315 44513-44624 Sentence denotes Residue Q493 in nCOV-2019 participates in binding ACE2 by making two H-bonds with residues E35 and K31 on ACE2.
T316 44625-44726 Sentence denotes Q493 corresponds to residue N479 in SARS-COV, which only makes one H-bond with residue Lys31 on ACE2.
T317 44727-44813 Sentence denotes This caused Q493 to have more contribution to total binding than its counterpart N479.
T318 44814-45028 Sentence denotes However, alanine substitution at Q493 did not affect the total binding energy and this mutant had a total binding energy similar to the wild-type complex as it maintains the number H-bonds in the wild-type complex.
T319 45029-45146 Sentence denotes Residues Q498 and T500 in nCOV-2019 are crucial for binding by making H-bonds with ACE2 residues D38, D355, and K353.
T320 45147-45260 Sentence denotes Residue Q498 corresponds to residue Y484 in SARS-COV which does not make any H-bond in the SARS-COV/ACE2 complex.
T321 45261-45394 Sentence denotes Q498 contributes to binding by −6.72 ± 0.18 kcal/mol which is more than the contribution of Y484 in SARS-COV (−1.83 ± 0.06 kcal/mol).
T322 45395-45474 Sentence denotes Ala-substitution at Q498 did not show large impact on the total binding energy.
T323 45475-45579 Sentence denotes Residue T500 is conserved and corresponds to residue T486 which also makes a H-bond with Asp355 on ACE2.
T324 45580-45657 Sentence denotes Mutation of T500 to Alanine lowers the binding affinity by about 10 kcal/mol.
T325 45658-45795 Sentence denotes Residue N487 in nCOV-2019 locates in L3 and plays a crucial role in stabilizing the recognition loop by making a H-bond with Y83 on ACE2.
T326 45796-46011 Sentence denotes This residue contributes to the total binding energy of nCOV-2019 by −1.52 ± 0.06 kcal/mol, whereas its corresponding residue in SARS-COV does not show any contribution to the binding energy (−0.02 ± 0.05 kcal/mol).
T327 46012-46152 Sentence denotes This demonstrates that L3 in SARS-COV has evolved to be an important recognition loop in nCOV-2019, which participates in binding with ACE2.
T328 46153-46306 Sentence denotes Residue K417 in nCOV-2019 has the most contribution to the total binding energy (−12.34 ± 0.23 kcal/mol by making a salt-bridge with residue D30 on ACE2.
T329 46307-46446 Sentence denotes This residue is crucial for the binding of RBD and ACE2 and alanine substitution lowers the total binding energy to −29.56 ± 2.95 kcal/mol.
T330 46447-46641 Sentence denotes This salt-bridge is found to be important for the stability of the crystal structure of the RBD/ACE2 complex in nCOV-2019.4 K417 is Val404 in SARS-COV which does not participate in binding ACE2.
T331 46642-46743 Sentence denotes Another important residue in nCOV-2019 is L455 which contributes to binding by −1.86 ± 0.03 kcal/mol.
T332 46744-46890 Sentence denotes This residue is important for hydrophobic interaction with ACE2 and mutating it to alanine lowers the total binding affinity by about 17 kcal/mol.
T333 46891-47041 Sentence denotes The hydrophobic residue F456 in nCOV-2019 also has a favorable contribution to the binding energy and F456A lowers the binding affinity by 5 kcal/mol.
T334 47042-47405 Sentence denotes These results are in fair agreement with experimental binding measurements with deep mutational scanning of RBD in nCOV-2019 where they used flow cytometry for different ACE2 concentrations to measure the dissociation constant KD.25 It was shown that mutations at K417, N487, T500, and G502 are detrimental for binding to ACE2, which agrees with the results here.
T335 47406-47677 Sentence denotes These experiments showed that mutations at Q493 and Q498 do not impact the binding affinity of RBD to ACE2 which demonstrates the high plasticity of the network of H-bonds at the interface where upon mutation at these residues the network can reshape to form new H-bonds.
T336 47678-47788 Sentence denotes Mutations at hydrophobic residues L455 and F456 are shown to reduce the binding affinity in these experiments.
T337 47789-47995 Sentence denotes The total binding energy calculation of all the variants showed that mutation Y489A has the highest binding affinity among all systems which is about 11 kcal/mol stronger than that of the nCOV-2019 complex.
T338 47996-48094 Sentence denotes This residue is located in β6, which is part of the recognition region of RBD for binding to ACE2.
T339 48095-48269 Sentence denotes Removal of this bulky hydrophobic residue at the interface with ACE2 caused the extended loop to move closer to the ACE2 interface and make more H-bonds with ACE2 (Table S3).
T340 48270-48397 Sentence denotes A high electrostatic interaction energy is the reason for the higher binding energy of mutant Y489A than the wild-type complex.
T341 48398-48589 Sentence denotes It is interesting to note that among the five residues L455, F456, Y473, A475, and Y489 that make hydrophobic interactions with ACE2, Y489 is the only residue that is conserved from SARS-COV.
T342 48590-48751 Sentence denotes However, the experimental binding affinity measurements using deep mutational scanning showed that mutations at this position lower the binding affinity to ACE2.
T343 48752-48833 Sentence denotes Other alanine substitutions that increase the binding energy are G446A and G447A.
T344 48834-48968 Sentence denotes Residues G446 and G447 reside in L1 and mutation to alanine can make L1 take a more rigid form as shown in the RMSF plot in Figure S3.
T345 48969-49302 Sentence denotes However, experiment showed that these mutations have similar or lower binding affinities to ACE2 than the wild-type RBD and care must be taken when interpreting these results.25 This discrepancy could be due to force-field inaccuracy and the deficiencies in the PBSA method for the treatment of solvent in binding energy calculation.
T346 49303-49412 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to investigate whether these mutations will increase the binding affinity to ACE2.
T347 49413-49760 Sentence denotes Deep mutational scanning using flow cytometry is a qualitative method to measure the impact of a large number of mutations of protein–protein interactions and further experiments such as SPR or isothermal titration calorimetry which are conventional methods for measuring binding affinities needed to study the effect of these mutations in detail.
T348 49761-49875 Sentence denotes Important mutations found in naturally occurring nCOV-2019 appear to influence to some extent the binding to ACE2.
T349 49876-50037 Sentence denotes Mutation T478I which is one of the most frequent mutations according to GISAID database, increases the binding affinity of nCOV-2019 to ACE2 by about 6 kcal/mol.
T350 50038-50219 Sentence denotes Mutation N439K has the highest occurrence among all strains of coronavirus in the GISAID database which demonstrated the highest electrostatic interaction among all studied systems.
T351 50220-50322 Sentence denotes This residue corresponds to R426 in SARS-COV which exerts a salt-bridge interaction with E329 on ACE2.
T352 50323-50449 Sentence denotes Mutation N439K recovers some of this ACE2 interaction; however, it exerts a binding affinity similar to that of wild-type RBD.
T353 50450-50592 Sentence denotes Contribution of important interface residues to binding affinity was compared for mutations T478I, N439K, and wild-type nCOV-2019 (Figure S7).
T354 50593-50774 Sentence denotes The most striking differences between wild-type RBD and mutation T478I are residues Y449 and Q498 which have significantly higher contribution to binding than the wild type residue.
T355 50775-50861 Sentence denotes Most other residues at the interface have similar binding affinities to the nCOV-2019.
T356 50862-51048 Sentence denotes A higher H-bond persistence is also seen for these two residues Y449 and Q498 compared to the wild type RBD which is the reason for their higher contribution to the total binding energy.
T357 51049-51133 Sentence denotes Mutation N439K has a slightly lower binding affinity to ACE2 than the wild type RBD.
T358 51134-51401 Sentence denotes Per residue binding energy decomposition showed that K439 in this system has a favorable contribution of −1.80 ± 0.15 kcal/mol to the total binding energy which is balanced by a lower contribution of K417 which resulted in a binding affinity similar to wild-type RBD.
T359 51402-51542 Sentence denotes Mutant E484A, which is also one of the observed mutations based on GISAID database, demonstrates a high electrostatic interaction with ACE2.
T360 51543-51715 Sentence denotes E484 contributes to binding by 3.56 ± 0.15 kcal/mol whereas the corresponding residue in SARS-COV, P469 contributes to binding of SARS-COV to ACE2 by −0.27 ± 0.01 kcal/mol.
T361 51716-51803 Sentence denotes This residue is close to D30 on ACE2 and has electrostatic repulsion with this residue.
T362 51804-52147 Sentence denotes Most natural mutants including N439K, A475V, G476S, V483A, V483F, E484A, and S494P showed similar or slightly lower binding affinities to ACE2 compared to wild-type complex which agrees with experimental binding measurements.25 However, the experimental binding affinity for T478I also showed similar binding affinity to the wild-type complex.
T363 52148-52346 Sentence denotes This difference could be due to the use of MMPBSA approach for calculation of polar solvation and further studies are needed to study the effect of this mutation on viral infectivity of coronavirus.
T364 52347-52437 Sentence denotes Additional sequence differences between nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV influence RBD/ACE2 binding.
T365 52438-52638 Sentence denotes Residue D480 in SARS-COV contributes negatively to total binding energy (6.25 ± 0.14 kcal/mol) and mutating this residue to S494 in nCOV-2019 lowers this negative contribution to 1.17 ± 0.06 kcal/mol.
T366 52639-52743 Sentence denotes D480 in SARS-COV is located in a region of high negative charge from residues E35, E37, and D38 on ACE2.
T367 52744-52919 Sentence denotes Electrostatic repulsion between D480 on SARS-COV and the acidic residues on ACE2 is the reason for highly negative contribution of this residue to binding of SARS-COV to ACE2.
T368 52920-52996 Sentence denotes Mutation to S494 in this location removes this highly negative contribution.
T369 52997-53159 Sentence denotes Gao and co-workers26 computed the relative free energies of binding because of mutations from the RBD-ACE2 of SARS-COV to the corresponding residues in nCOV-2019.
T370 53160-53318 Sentence denotes They used a FEP approach and showed that mutation D480S in SARS-COV changed the binding free energy by −1.9 ± 0.8 kcal/mol which is consistent with our study.
T371 53319-53540 Sentence denotes Furthermore, we performed an additional simulation on D480A mutant in SARS-COV and found that this mutation has a binding affinity of 23.46 ± 3.07 kcal/mol which is about 5 kcal/mol higher than the wild-type SARS-COV RBD.
T372 53541-53726 Sentence denotes In addition, experimental binding affinity measurements showed that mutations of S494 to an acidic residue highly reduce the binding affinity to ACE2 which confirms the hypothesis here.
T373 53727-53853 Sentence denotes To our knowledge this is first detailed molecular simulation study on the effect of mutations on binding of nCOV-2019 to ACE2.
T374 53854-54427 Sentence denotes Previous computational studies have found that nCOV-2019 binds to ACE2 with a total binding affinity which was about 30 kcal/mol stronger than SARS-COV and is in fair agreement with the results here.56 The critical role of interface residues is computationally investigated here and in other articles and the results of all the studies indicate the importance of these residues for the stability of the complex and finding hotspot residues for the interaction with receptor ACE2.26,30,55,56 It is interesting to note the role of L3 in the stability of the RBD/ACE2 complex.
T375 54428-54558 Sentence denotes The amino acid insertions in L3 for nCOV-2019 have converted an unessential part of RBD in SARS to a functional domain of the RBD.
T376 54559-54714 Sentence denotes This loop participates in binding ACE2 by making H-bond as well as π-stacking interactions with ACE2, which makes this region to act as a recognition loop.
T377 54715-55014 Sentence denotes Previous studies on SARS-COV have shown that there is a correlation between the higher binding affinity to the receptor and higher infection rate by coronavirus.6,13,57 The higher binding affinity of nCOV-2019 for ACE2 than SARS-COV to ACE2 is suggested to be the reason for its high infection rate.
T378 55015-55191 Sentence denotes Most natural mutations showed similar binding affinities to wild-type ACE2 which indicates that the virus was already effective at the beginning of the crisis for binding ACE2.
T379 55192-55283 Sentence denotes A few mutations such as N489A and T478I are shown to increase the binding affinity to ACE2.
T380 55284-55372 Sentence denotes However, more studies are needed to investigate the effect of these mutations in detail.
T381 55373-55563 Sentence denotes Mutations of nCOV-2019 RBD that do not change the binding affinity and complex stability could have implications for antibody design purposes since they could act as antibody escape mutants.
T382 55564-55750 Sentence denotes Escape from monoclonal antibodies is observed for mutations of SARS-COV in 2002 and these mutations should be considered for any antibody design endeavors against these escape mutations.
T383 55752-55763 Sentence denotes Conclusions
T384 55764-56023 Sentence denotes In conclusion, this study unraveled key molecular traits underlying the higher affinity of nCOV-2019 for ACE2 compared to SARS-COV and unveiled critical residues for the interaction by in silico alanine scanning mutations and binding free energy calculations.
T385 56024-56167 Sentence denotes The higher affinity of nCOV-2019 to binding with ACE2 correlates with higher human-to-human transmissibility of nCOV-2019 compared to SARS-COV.
T386 56168-56411 Sentence denotes Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the interface residues of nCOV-2019 RBM has shed light on the crucial interface residues and helped obtain an atomic-level understanding of the interaction between coronavirus and the receptor ACE2 on the host cell.
T387 56412-56614 Sentence denotes MD simulations on RBD mutations found in strains of nCOV-2019 from different countries aid in the understanding of how these mutations can play an important role in viral infection with ACE2 attachment.
T388 56615-56805 Sentence denotes In addition to previously reported residues, it was found that residue F486 locating in L3 plays a crucial role in the dynamic stability of the complex by a π-stacking interaction with ACE2.
T389 56806-56927 Sentence denotes Per-residue free energy decomposition pinpoints the critical role of residues K417, Y505, Q498, and Q493 in binding ACE2.
T390 56928-57126 Sentence denotes Alanine scanning of interface residues in nCOV-2019 RBD showed that alanine substitution at some residues such as G502, K417, and L455 can significantly decrease the binding affinity of the complex.
T391 57127-57292 Sentence denotes Moreover, mutation T478I, which is one of the most probable mutations in RBD of nCOV-2019 is found to bind ACE2 with about 7 kcal/mol higher affinity than wild-type.
T392 57293-57517 Sentence denotes It is also alerting that some of the alanine substitutions at residues G446, G447, and Y489 substantially increased the binding affinity that may lead to a strong RBD attachment to ACE2 and influence the infection virulence.
T393 57518-57639 Sentence denotes However, details of interaction between these mutants and ACE2 should be carefully studied using experimental techniques.
T394 57640-57864 Sentence denotes On the other hand, most mutations are found not to impact the binding affinity of RBD with ACE2 in nCOV-2019 which could have implications for vaccine design endeavors as these mutations could act as antibody escape mutants.
T395 57865-58106 Sentence denotes Receptor recognition is the first line of attack for coronavirus and this study gives novel insights into key structural features of interface residues for the advancement of effective therapeutic strategies to stop the coronavirus pandemic.

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
46 17-34 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
47 36-40 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
48 128-133 Species denotes human Tax:9606
49 306-317 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
50 347-352 Species denotes human Tax:9606
51 288-294 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
64 502-515 Species denotes Coronaviruses Tax:11118
65 596-607 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
66 630-634 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
67 655-671 Species denotes beta-coronavirus Tax:694002
68 700-755 Species denotes Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV) Tax:1335626
69 757-802 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Tax:694009
70 804-812 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
71 823-849 Species denotes SARS-related coronaviruses Tax:694009
72 882-890 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
73 974-982 Species denotes MERS-COV Tax:1335626
74 963-969 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
75 1073-1079 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
103 1350-1355 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
104 1559-1564 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
105 1850-1855 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
106 1983-1988 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
107 2411-2416 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
108 2480-2484 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
109 2546-2550 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
110 2684-2688 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
111 1944-1949 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
112 1130-1143 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
113 1213-1224 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
114 1338-1349 Species denotes Coronavirus Tax:11118
115 1576-1580 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
116 1751-1755 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
117 1783-1805 Species denotes bat coronavirus RaTG13 Tax:2709072
118 1897-1901 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
119 1911-1919 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
120 2103-2107 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
121 2147-2155 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
122 2401-2405 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
123 2444-2449 Species denotes human Tax:9606
124 2526-2534 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
125 2601-2605 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
126 2615-2623 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
127 2670-2674 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
128 2715-2719 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
129 2747-2752 Species denotes human Tax:9606
146 2800-2805 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
147 3196-3200 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
148 3396-3400 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
149 3526-3530 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
150 3709-3711 Gene denotes α5 Gene:28884
151 3688-3690 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
152 3681-3683 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
153 2842-2855 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
154 3009-3013 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
155 3036-3040 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
156 3168-3172 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
157 3182-3190 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
158 3405-3409 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
159 3556-3560 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
160 3627-3631 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
161 3736-3740 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
165 3864-3872 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
166 3886-3890 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
167 3950-3954 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
205 4487-4491 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
206 4653-4657 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
207 4791-4795 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
208 5013-5017 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
209 5144-5148 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
210 5277-5281 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
211 5436-5440 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
212 5539-5543 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
213 5693-5697 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
214 5823-5827 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
215 5952-5956 Gene denotes DPP4 Gene:1803
216 4576-4579 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
217 5520-5525 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
218 4031-4039 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
219 4043-4048 Species denotes human Tax:9606
220 4073-4084 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
221 4090-4094 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
222 4187-4191 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
223 4201-4209 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
224 4883-4888 Species denotes human Tax:9606
225 4893-4898 Species denotes human Tax:9606
226 4902-4907 Species denotes human Tax:9606
227 4924-4940 Species denotes SARS coronavirus Tax:694009
228 4996-5004 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
229 5063-5069 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
230 5265-5273 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
231 5421-5426 Species denotes human Tax:9606
232 5680-5688 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
233 5899-5907 Species denotes MERS-COV Tax:1335626
234 5961-5966 Species denotes human Tax:9606
235 6094-6102 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
236 6172-6180 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
237 4640-4644 Chemical denotes K353
238 5720-5723 Chemical denotes ala MESH:D000409
239 5845-5852 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
240 5461-5476 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
241 5615-5624 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
245 6382-6386 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
246 6421-6425 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
247 6599-6603 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
252 6762-6767 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
253 6634-6638 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
254 6829-6833 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
255 7003-7007 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
265 7791-7795 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
266 7918-7922 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
267 8025-8029 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
268 8127-8131 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
269 8224-8228 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
270 7543-7554 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
271 7636-7640 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
272 8043-8047 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
273 8145-8149 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
296 8368-8372 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
297 8472-8476 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
298 8723-8727 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
299 8986-8990 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
300 9103-9107 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
301 9203-9207 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
302 8349-8353 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
303 8437-8441 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
304 8456-8464 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
305 8614-8622 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
306 8627-8631 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
307 8693-8697 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
308 8707-8715 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
309 8811-8819 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
310 8932-8940 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
311 8944-8948 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
312 9075-9083 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
313 9088-9092 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
314 9321-9325 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
315 9777-9782 Species denotes human Tax:9606
316 8505-8510 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
317 9278-9285 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
333 10079-10084 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
334 10405-10409 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
335 10507-10511 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
336 10736-10740 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
337 9900-9905 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
338 9844-9848 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
339 9967-9989 Species denotes Bat coronavirus RaTG13 Tax:2709072
340 10026-10030 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
341 10251-10255 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
342 10390-10394 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
343 10466-10470 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
344 10888-10892 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
345 10591-10598 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
346 10234-10244 CellLine denotes MN996532.1 CVCL:U508
347 10280-10290 CellLine denotes MN908947.1 CVCL:U508
377 11132-11137 Gene denotes hACE2 Gene:59272
378 11197-11201 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
379 11368-11372 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
380 11797-11801 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
381 11994-11998 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
382 12155-12159 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
383 11581-11588 Gene denotes GROMACS Gene:4082
384 11102-11106 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
385 11169-11177 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
386 11191-11196 Species denotes human Tax:9606
387 11279-11283 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
388 11326-11334 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
389 11484-11488 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
390 11495-11503 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
391 11541-11545 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
392 12213-12217 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
393 11516-11523 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
394 11600-11605 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
395 11809-11813 Chemical denotes PBSA MESH:C437084
396 12186-12189 Chemical denotes Cys MESH:D003545
397 12260-12269 Chemical denotes disulfide MESH:D004220
398 12277-12283 Chemical denotes Cys336
399 12284-12290 Chemical denotes Cys361
400 12292-12298 Chemical denotes Cys379
401 12299-12305 Chemical denotes Cys432
402 12307-12313 Chemical denotes Cys391
403 12314-12320 Chemical denotes Cys525
404 12326-12332 Chemical denotes Cys480
405 12333-12339 Chemical denotes Cys488
407 12512-12520 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
411 14260-14267 Gene denotes GROMACS Gene:4082
412 14093-14101 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
413 14106-14110 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
420 14604-14612 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
421 14614-14618 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
422 14982-14990 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
423 14992-14996 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
424 15585-15594 Disease denotes visual MD MESH:D009436
425 15596-15599 Disease denotes VMD
427 16005-16012 Gene denotes GROMACS Gene:4082
434 16368-16376 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
435 16381-16385 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
436 16205-16209 Chemical denotes DCCM
437 16496-16504 Chemical denotes Hydrogen MESH:D006859
438 16277-16294 Disease denotes backbone Cα atoms
439 16528-16531 Disease denotes VMD
443 16843-16847 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
444 16875-16883 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
445 16888-16892 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
452 18346-18354 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
453 18356-18360 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
454 18428-18432 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
455 18453-18461 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
456 18517-18521 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
457 18592-18600 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
461 18818-18822 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
462 18832-18840 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
463 18851-18855 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
466 18895-18899 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
467 18939-18943 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
473 19851-19855 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
474 19812-19814 Gene denotes α5 Gene:28884
475 19806-19808 Gene denotes α4 Gene:28898
476 19960-19964 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
477 20068-20076 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
487 20799-20803 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
488 20810-20818 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
489 20868-20872 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
490 20914-20922 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
491 20930-20934 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
492 21034-21042 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
493 21078-21082 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
494 21092-21100 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
495 21187-21195 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
500 21605-21609 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
501 21619-21627 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
502 21796-21804 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
503 21874-21878 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
523 23214-23218 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
524 21974-21978 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
525 21985-21993 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
526 22143-22151 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
527 22153-22157 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
528 22222-22226 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
529 22324-22328 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
530 22346-22354 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
531 22712-22716 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
532 22726-22734 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
533 22811-22819 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
534 23118-23126 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
535 23145-23149 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
536 23300-23304 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
537 23339-23342 Species denotes COV Tax:11118
538 23390-23398 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
539 23191-23195 Chemical denotes N487
540 23263-23267 Chemical denotes F486
541 23272-23275 Chemical denotes Y83
544 23806-23814 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
545 23829-23833 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
549 24603-24607 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
550 24049-24053 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
551 24303-24311 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
576 25140-25144 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
577 26366-26370 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
578 24760-24764 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
579 24771-24779 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
580 24883-24887 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
581 25216-25220 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
582 25342-25346 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
583 25369-25377 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
584 25427-25431 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
585 25449-25457 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
586 25517-25521 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
587 25544-25552 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
588 25828-25832 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
589 25989-25993 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
590 26114-26118 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
591 25018-25020 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
592 24962-24964 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
593 25897-25899 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
594 25414-25416 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
595 25306-25308 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
596 24951-24953 Gene denotes α5 Gene:28884
597 25007-25009 Gene denotes α4 Gene:28898
598 26230-26234 Chemical denotes F486
599 26358-26362 Chemical denotes Y83A
607 26596-26598 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
608 26542-26544 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
609 26530-26532 Gene denotes α4 Gene:28898
610 26515-26517 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
611 26503-26505 Gene denotes α5 Gene:28884
612 26391-26395 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
613 26402-26410 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
633 26662-26666 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
634 26972-26976 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
635 27930-27934 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
636 26682-26690 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
637 26692-26696 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
638 26995-26999 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
639 27067-27075 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
640 27233-27237 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
641 27247-27255 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
642 27327-27331 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
643 27369-27377 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
644 27505-27509 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
645 27546-27554 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
646 27556-27560 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
647 27650-27658 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
648 27734-27742 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
649 27793-27797 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
650 27895-27899 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
651 27914-27922 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
685 28840-28844 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
686 29636-29640 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
687 30247-30251 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
688 27966-27970 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
689 27980-27988 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
690 28157-28161 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
691 28172-28180 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
692 28228-28232 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
693 28303-28311 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
694 28358-28362 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
695 28704-28712 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
696 28819-28823 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
697 28926-28934 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
698 29127-29135 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
699 29201-29209 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
700 29307-29311 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
701 29461-29469 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
702 29620-29628 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
703 29734-29742 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
704 29933-29941 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
705 29950-29958 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
706 30091-30095 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
707 30191-30195 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
708 30206-30214 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
709 30229-30233 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
710 28487-28491 Chemical denotes E484
711 28496-28500 Chemical denotes S494
712 28587-28591 Chemical denotes K417
713 28854-28858 Chemical denotes Q498
714 28940-28944 Chemical denotes Y484
715 29193-29197 Chemical denotes D480
716 29968-29972 Chemical denotes R426
717 30104-30108 Chemical denotes N439
720 30367-30371 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
721 30381-30389 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
724 30430-30438 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
725 30440-30444 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
733 32098-32102 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
734 31282-31286 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
735 31581-31585 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
736 31667-31671 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
737 32107-32111 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
738 31205-31212 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
739 31598-31605 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
745 32348-32352 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
746 32388-32391 Gene denotes AC2 Gene:108
747 32213-32217 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
748 32227-32235 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
749 32311-32315 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
752 32622-32626 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
753 33175-33179 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
755 33187-33195 Chemical denotes Hydrogen MESH:D006859
764 33342-33346 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
765 33453-33457 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
766 33516-33520 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
767 33308-33312 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
768 33325-33333 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
769 33403-33407 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
770 33467-33475 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
771 33258-33266 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
778 33673-33677 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
779 33702-33706 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
780 34040-34043 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
781 33882-33885 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
782 33662-33666 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
783 33692-33700 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
788 33609-33613 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
789 33631-33635 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
790 33595-33599 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
791 33618-33626 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
850 34199-34203 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
851 34268-34272 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
852 34350-34354 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
853 34427-34431 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
854 34511-34515 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
855 34664-34668 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
856 34787-34791 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
857 34972-34976 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
858 35095-35099 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
859 35170-35174 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
860 35210-35214 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
861 35291-35295 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
862 35459-35463 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
863 35551-35555 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
864 35665-35669 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
865 34504-34507 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
866 34420-34423 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
867 34111-34122 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
868 34128-34136 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
869 34140-34144 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
870 34213-34217 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
871 34299-34307 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
872 34364-34368 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
873 34461-34469 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
874 34544-34552 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
875 34556-34560 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
876 34601-34609 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
877 34686-34694 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
878 34777-34781 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
879 34891-34899 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
880 35078-35082 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
881 35201-35209 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
882 35240-35244 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
883 35348-35352 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
884 35490-35498 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
885 35511-35515 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
886 35579-35587 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
887 35611-35615 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
888 34179-34187 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
889 34205-34209 Chemical denotes G502
890 34260-34264 Chemical denotes K353
891 34291-34295 Chemical denotes G488
892 34342-34346 Chemical denotes K353
893 34453-34457 Chemical denotes N479
894 34577-34581 Chemical denotes Q498
895 34593-34597 Chemical denotes Y484
896 34611-34615 Chemical denotes Q498
897 34678-34682 Chemical denotes Y484
898 34757-34761 Chemical denotes K417
899 34883-34887 Chemical denotes V404
900 35044-35048 Chemical denotes K417
901 35146-35150 Chemical denotes R426
902 35162-35166 Chemical denotes E329
903 35232-35236 Chemical denotes N439
904 35304-35308 Chemical denotes E329
905 35482-35486 Chemical denotes Y436
906 35503-35507 Chemical denotes Y449
907 35678-35682 Chemical denotes D355
936 35760-35764 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
937 35838-35842 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
938 35901-35905 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
939 36255-36259 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
940 36469-36473 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
941 36487-36491 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
942 36811-36815 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
943 36885-36889 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
944 37158-37162 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
945 36561-36563 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
946 35776-35780 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
947 35820-35824 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
948 35952-35956 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
949 35974-35982 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
950 36073-36077 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
951 36188-36192 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
952 36378-36386 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
953 36459-36463 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
954 36478-36486 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
955 36513-36517 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
956 36718-36726 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
957 36825-36829 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
958 37005-37009 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
959 37019-37027 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
960 37144-37148 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
961 35881-35885 Chemical denotes F486
962 35896-35899 Chemical denotes Y83
963 36355-36359 Chemical denotes Y489
976 37418-37422 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
977 37400-37404 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
978 37775-37779 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
979 38050-38054 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
980 38064-38072 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
981 37327-37334 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
982 37443-37446 Chemical denotes ala MESH:D000409
983 37954-37961 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
984 37986-37990 Chemical denotes G502
985 38303-38307 Chemical denotes Q498
986 38381-38385 Chemical denotes Q498
987 38418-38421 Chemical denotes ala MESH:D000409
1002 38776-38780 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1003 39059-39063 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1004 39190-39194 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1005 39430-39434 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1006 38675-38679 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1007 38706-38714 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1008 38761-38765 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1009 38879-38883 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1010 38890-38898 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1011 39288-39292 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1012 39514-39525 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1013 38815-38818 Chemical denotes ala MESH:D000409
1014 39359-39368 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1015 39495-39510 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
1038 40993-40997 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1039 41254-41258 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1040 39559-39563 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1041 39570-39578 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1042 39653-39657 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1043 39717-39725 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1044 39805-39809 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1045 39877-39881 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1046 40092-40096 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1047 40172-40180 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1048 40572-40576 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1049 40616-40624 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1050 40688-40692 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1051 41084-41092 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1052 41275-41283 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1053 40285-40292 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
1054 40317-40321 Chemical denotes N487
1055 40861-40865 Chemical denotes F486
1056 40870-40874 Chemical denotes N487
1057 40986-40989 Chemical denotes Y83
1058 40999-41006 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
1059 41290-41297 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
1067 41438-41442 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1068 41452-41460 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1069 41725-41733 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1070 42000-42004 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1071 42014-42022 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1072 41780-41787 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1073 42102-42109 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1088 42615-42617 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
1089 42925-42929 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1090 42698-42700 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
1091 42452-42454 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
1092 42444-42446 Gene denotes α5 Gene:28884
1093 42437-42439 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
1094 42430-42432 Gene denotes α4 Gene:28898
1095 42381-42385 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1096 42497-42505 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1097 42588-42592 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1098 42651-42655 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1099 42666-42674 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1100 42962-42966 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1101 42307-42311 Chemical denotes DCCM
1187 43154-43158 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1188 43278-43282 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1189 43339-43343 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1190 43754-43758 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1191 43882-43886 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1192 43922-43926 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1193 44002-44006 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1194 44507-44511 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1195 44563-44567 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1196 44619-44623 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1197 44721-44725 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1198 45112-45116 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1199 45247-45251 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1200 45574-45578 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1201 45790-45794 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1202 46147-46151 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1203 46301-46305 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1204 46358-46362 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1205 46543-46547 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1206 46636-46640 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1207 46803-46807 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1208 47212-47216 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1209 47364-47368 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1210 47508-47512 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1211 44612-44615 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
1212 43128-43132 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1213 43142-43150 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1214 43214-43218 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1215 43292-43300 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1216 43439-43443 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1217 43453-43461 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1218 43504-43508 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1219 43518-43526 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1220 43740-43744 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1221 43868-43872 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1222 44450-44458 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1223 44529-44533 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1224 44661-44669 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1225 45055-45059 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1226 45191-45199 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1227 45238-45246 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1228 45361-45369 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1229 45674-45678 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1230 45852-45856 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1231 45925-45933 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1232 46041-46049 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1233 46101-46105 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1234 46169-46173 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1235 46559-46563 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1236 46589-46597 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1237 46671-46675 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1238 46923-46927 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1239 47157-47161 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1240 43087-43095 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
1241 43898-43902 Chemical denotes G502
1242 43914-43918 Chemical denotes K353
1243 43928-43932 Chemical denotes G502
1244 44102-44105 Chemical denotes Ala MESH:D000409
1245 44442-44446 Chemical denotes G488
1246 44499-44503 Chemical denotes K353
1247 44521-44525 Chemical denotes Q493
1248 44653-44657 Chemical denotes N479
1249 44712-44717 Chemical denotes Lys31
1250 44808-44812 Chemical denotes N479
1251 44823-44830 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1252 45155-45159 Chemical denotes Q498
1253 45183-45187 Chemical denotes Y484
1254 45261-45265 Chemical denotes Q498
1255 45353-45357 Chemical denotes Y484
1256 45395-45398 Chemical denotes Ala MESH:D000409
1257 45483-45487 Chemical denotes T500
1258 45528-45532 Chemical denotes T486
1259 45564-45570 Chemical denotes Asp355
1260 45600-45607 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
1261 45666-45670 Chemical denotes N487
1262 45783-45786 Chemical denotes Y83
1263 46161-46165 Chemical denotes K417
1264 46294-46297 Chemical denotes D30 MESH:C005496
1265 46367-46374 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1266 46571-46575 Chemical denotes K417
1267 46579-46585 Chemical denotes Val404
1268 46684-46688 Chemical denotes L455
1269 46827-46834 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1270 46915-46919 Chemical denotes F456
1271 46993-46998 Chemical denotes F456A
1292 48089-48093 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1293 48159-48163 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1294 48211-48215 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1295 48253-48257 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1296 48526-48530 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1297 48746-48750 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1298 49061-49065 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1299 49407-49411 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1300 48023-48025 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
1301 47977-47981 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1302 48580-48588 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1303 48453-48457 Chemical denotes L455
1304 48459-48463 Chemical denotes F456
1305 48465-48469 Chemical denotes Y473
1306 48471-48475 Chemical denotes A475
1307 48481-48485 Chemical denotes Y489
1308 48532-48536 Chemical denotes Y489
1309 48758-48765 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1310 48886-48893 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1311 49231-49235 Chemical denotes PBSA MESH:C437084
1335 49870-49874 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1336 50012-50016 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1337 50317-50321 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1338 50360-50364 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1339 51105-51109 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1340 51537-51541 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1341 51685-51689 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1342 51748-51752 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1343 51942-51946 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1344 49810-49814 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1345 49999-50003 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1346 50101-50112 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1347 50256-50264 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1348 50570-50574 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1349 50851-50855 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1350 51632-51640 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1351 51673-51681 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1352 52334-52345 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1353 50248-50252 Chemical denotes R426
1354 50309-50313 Chemical denotes E329
1355 51187-51191 Chemical denotes K439
1356 51334-51338 Chemical denotes K417
1357 51543-51547 Chemical denotes E484
1376 52424-52428 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1377 52738-52742 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1378 52820-52824 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1379 52914-52918 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1380 53099-53103 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1381 53686-53690 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1382 52387-52391 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1383 52401-52409 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1384 52454-52462 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1385 52570-52574 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1386 52647-52655 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1387 52784-52792 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1388 52902-52910 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1389 53107-53115 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1390 53149-53153 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1391 53219-53227 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1392 53389-53397 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1393 53527-53535 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1417 53848-53852 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1418 53920-53924 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1419 54328-54332 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1420 54414-54418 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1421 54593-54597 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1422 54655-54659 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1423 54929-54933 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1424 54951-54955 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1425 55085-55089 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1426 55186-55190 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1427 55278-55282 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1428 53835-53839 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1429 53901-53905 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1430 53997-54005 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1431 54464-54468 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1432 54735-54743 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1433 54864-54875 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1434 54915-54919 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1435 54939-54947 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1436 55386-55390 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1437 55627-55635 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1438 54846-54855 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1439 54999-55008 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1477 55869-55873 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1478 56073-56077 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1479 56389-56393 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1480 56598-56602 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1481 56800-56804 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1482 56922-56926 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1483 57234-57238 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1484 57474-57478 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1485 57576-57580 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1486 57731-57735 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1487 55855-55859 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1488 55886-55894 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1489 56047-56051 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1490 56101-56106 Species denotes human Tax:9606
1491 56110-56115 Species denotes human Tax:9606
1492 56136-56140 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1493 56158-56166 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1494 56222-56226 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1495 56360-56371 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1496 56464-56468 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1497 56970-56974 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1498 57207-57211 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1499 57739-57743 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1500 57918-57929 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1501 58085-58096 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1502 55959-55966 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1503 56168-56171 Chemical denotes Ala MESH:D000409
1504 56686-56690 Chemical denotes F486
1505 56884-56888 Chemical denotes K417
1506 56890-56894 Chemical denotes Y505
1507 56896-56900 Chemical denotes Q498
1508 56906-56910 Chemical denotes Q493
1509 56928-56935 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
1510 56996-57003 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1511 57330-57337 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1512 56583-56592 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1513 57497-57506 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239