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PMC:7605337 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 380-387 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T2 471-476 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T3 534-546 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T4 534-538 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T5 556-563 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T6 1508-1516 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T7 2499-2502 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T8 2549-2555 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T9 3107-3119 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T10 3182-3187 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T11 3297-3304 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T12 3399-3403 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T13 3477-3491 Body_part denotes cell membranes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T14 3477-3481 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T15 3506-3513 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T16 3674-3687 Body_part denotes cell membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T17 3674-3678 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T18 3797-3804 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T19 3805-3809 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T20 3930-3937 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T21 4017-4022 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T22 4178-4186 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T23 4358-4365 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T24 4694-4699 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T25 4723-4727 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T26 4747-4754 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T27 5400-5405 Body_part denotes ridge http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma75035
T28 5511-5519 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T29 5644-5649 Body_part denotes helix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma60992
T30 7467-7475 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T31 7786-7793 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T32 7908-7913 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T33 8015-8027 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T34 8556-8562 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T35 8759-8766 Body_part denotes genomes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T36 9689-9696 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T37 10836-10846 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T38 11219-11226 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T39 11847-11854 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T40 12026-12033 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T41 12532-12539 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T42 12738-12742 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T43 12800-12806 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T44 13314-13321 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T45 13457-13464 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T46 14844-14852 Body_part denotes backbone http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T47 15206-15214 Body_part denotes backbone http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T48 18218-18226 Body_part denotes backbone http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T49 21544-21552 Body_part denotes backbone http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T50 22630-22640 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T51 24444-24451 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T52 24525-24532 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T53 31482-31490 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T54 33146-33153 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T55 33539-33546 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T56 38598-38608 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T57 39268-39275 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T58 39895-39902 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T59 42226-42233 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T60 42940-42947 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T61 43231-43238 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T62 43721-43728 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T63 44043-44050 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T64 46764-46771 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T65 47541-47548 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T66 48308-48315 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T67 48768-48775 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T68 50699-50706 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T69 50827-50834 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T70 51480-51487 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T71 51488-51495 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T72 56373-56383 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T73 57431-57439 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T74 57480-57488 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T75 57634-57642 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T76 57900-57907 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T77 58347-58351 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T78 58869-58876 Body_part denotes Alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T79 58937-58944 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T80 59271-59278 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T81 59594-59598 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T82 59781-59789 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T83 60745-60750 Body_part denotes Heart http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088
T84 60752-60756 Body_part denotes Lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T85 60762-60767 Body_part denotes Blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 5644-5649 Body_part denotes helix http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002488
T2 12738-12742 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T3 59594-59598 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T4 60745-60750 Body_part denotes Heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948
T5 60752-60756 Body_part denotes Lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T6 60762-60767 Body_part denotes Blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 163-172 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 391-400 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 664-673 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 755-788 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T5 802-806 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T6 925-934 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 1296-1305 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T8 1867-1871 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T9 1928-1938 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T10 1977-1986 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T11 2571-2580 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T12 2698-2731 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T13 2745-2749 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T14 2764-2768 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T15 2823-2827 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 3517-3526 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T17 3692-3701 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 3838-3847 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T19 3852-3856 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T20 4044-4053 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T21 4088-4092 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T22 4342-4351 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T23 4467-4471 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T24 4542-4551 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T25 4556-4560 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T26 4611-4620 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T27 4656-4665 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T28 4977-4986 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T29 5109-5118 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T30 5123-5127 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T31 5346-5355 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T32 5488-5492 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T33 5497-5506 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T34 5568-5577 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T35 5677-5686 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T36 5805-5809 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T37 5827-5836 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T38 5891-5900 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T39 5972-5976 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T40 5991-5995 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T41 6031-6040 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T42 6128-6137 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T43 6142-6146 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T44 6198-6202 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T45 6253-6257 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T46 6268-6272 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T47 6626-6630 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T48 6719-6723 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T49 6777-6781 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T50 6865-6869 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T51 6937-6941 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T52 6985-6989 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T53 7206-7210 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T54 7402-7417 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T55 7408-7417 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T56 7556-7565 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T57 7621-7625 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T58 7972-7976 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T59 8035-8039 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T60 8113-8117 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T61 8284-8288 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T62 8295-8299 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T63 8323-8332 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T64 8349-8353 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T65 8362-8371 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T66 8488-8492 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T67 8540-8549 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T68 8575-8584 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T69 8770-8779 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T70 8944-8953 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T71 9289-9291 Disease denotes MI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005068
T72 9577-9586 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T73 9984-9993 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T74 10086-10095 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T75 10290-10299 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T76 10378-10387 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T77 10397-10401 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T78 10555-10559 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T79 10568-10577 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T80 10634-10643 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T81 10648-10652 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T82 10752-10756 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T83 10873-10877 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T84 10885-10894 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T85 11016-11020 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T86 11029-11038 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T87 11262-11271 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T88 11785-11794 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T89 11831-11835 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T90 11967-11976 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T91 12062-12066 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T92 12102-12106 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T93 12192-12201 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T94 12331-12340 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T95 12407-12416 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T96 12829-12838 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T97 13043-13052 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T98 13110-13114 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T99 13220-13229 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T100 13267-13271 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T101 13425-13434 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T102 13436-13440 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T103 13482-13491 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T104 14154-14163 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T105 16034-16038 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T106 16047-16056 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T107 16545-16549 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T108 16555-16564 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T109 16923-16927 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T110 16933-16942 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T111 18309-18313 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T112 18322-18331 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T113 18816-18820 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T114 18829-18838 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T115 20287-20291 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T116 20297-20306 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T117 20360-20364 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T118 20369-20378 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T119 20394-20398 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T120 20458-20467 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T121 20533-20537 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T122 20647-20651 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T123 20759-20768 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T124 20773-20777 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T125 20792-20801 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T126 20836-20845 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T127 20880-20889 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T128 21901-21910 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T129 22009-22013 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T130 22740-22749 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T131 22751-22755 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T132 22809-22818 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T133 22855-22859 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T134 22871-22880 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T135 22975-22979 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T136 23019-23028 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T137 23033-23037 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T138 23128-23132 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T139 23546-23555 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T140 23560-23564 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T141 23737-23741 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T142 23815-23824 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T143 23915-23924 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T144 23926-23930 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T145 24084-24088 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T146 24094-24103 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T147 24163-24172 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T148 24265-24274 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T149 24287-24291 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T150 24653-24662 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T151 24667-24671 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T152 24752-24756 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T153 25059-25063 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T154 25086-25095 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T155 25241-25250 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T156 25331-25335 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T157 25747-25751 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T158 25770-25779 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T159 25990-25999 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T160 26244-26248 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T161 26701-26710 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T162 26712-26716 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T163 26824-26833 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T164 27157-27166 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T165 27283-27292 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T166 27310-27314 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T167 27368-27377 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T168 27390-27394 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T169 27458-27467 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T170 27485-27489 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T171 27769-27778 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T172 27930-27939 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T173 28055-28064 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T174 28332-28341 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T175 28343-28347 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T176 28623-28627 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T177 28633-28642 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T178 28936-28945 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T179 29008-29012 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T180 29174-29183 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T181 29188-29192 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T182 29268-29277 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T183 29310-29314 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T184 29446-29455 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T185 29487-29491 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T186 29497-29506 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T187 29591-29595 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T188 29675-29679 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T189 29734-29743 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T190 29836-29845 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T191 29855-29859 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T192 29907-29916 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T193 29921-29925 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T194 30098-30107 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T195 30113-30117 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T196 30169-30178 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T197 30244-30248 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T198 30299-30308 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T199 30645-30649 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T200 30760-30769 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T201 30867-30871 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T202 31068-31072 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T203 31142-31146 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T204 31248-31257 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T205 31402-31406 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T206 31561-31565 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T207 31675-31679 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T208 31874-31878 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T209 31891-31895 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T210 32032-32041 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T211 32132-32141 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T212 32147-32151 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T213 32170-32179 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T214 32308-32317 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T215 32322-32326 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T216 32371-32375 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T217 32381-32390 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T218 33223-33232 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T219 33522-33531 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T220 33608-33617 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T221 34048-34057 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T222 34154-34163 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T223 34168-34172 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T224 34252-34261 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T225 34563-34572 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T226 35116-35125 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T227 35249-35258 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T228 35266-35270 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T229 35344-35353 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T230 35408-35412 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T231 35536-35545 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T232 35559-35563 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T233 35603-35612 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T234 35633-35637 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T235 36069-36073 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T236 36081-36090 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T237 36154-36163 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T238 36240-36244 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T239 36305-36314 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T240 36402-36406 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T241 36485-36489 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T242 36497-36506 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T243 36542-36546 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T244 36627-36631 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T245 36718-36727 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T246 36832-36836 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T247 37019-37028 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T248 37142-37146 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T249 37181-37190 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T250 37289-37298 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T251 37431-37435 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T252 37452-37461 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T253 37520-37524 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T254 37552-37561 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T255 37717-37726 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T256 37761-37770 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T257 37893-37902 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T258 37915-37919 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T259 38014-38023 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T260 38129-38138 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T261 38319-38323 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T262 38400-38409 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T263 38419-38423 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T264 38454-38463 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T265 38659-38663 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T266 38766-38775 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T267 38946-38955 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T268 38960-38964 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T269 39085-39094 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T270 39341-39350 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T271 39716-39725 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T272 39991-40000 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T273 40005-40009 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T274 40616-40625 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T275 40647-40651 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T276 40702-40711 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T277 40820-40829 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T278 40831-40835 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T279 41229-41238 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T280 41300-41309 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T281 41436-41451 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T282 41442-41451 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T283 41500-41509 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T284 41511-41515 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T285 41594-41603 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T286 41658-41662 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T287 41746-41755 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T288 41818-41827 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T289 42033-42042 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T290 42113-42117 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T291 42513-42522 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T292 42557-42561 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T293 42629-42638 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T294 43025-43029 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T295 43216-43220 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T296 43379-43388 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T297 43393-43397 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T298 43666-43670 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T299 43941-43950 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T300 43955-43959 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T301 44322-44331 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T302 44438-44442 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T303 44529-44538 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T304 44592-44601 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T305 44607-44611 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T306 44903-44912 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T307 45069-45078 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T308 45083-45087 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T309 45155-45164 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T310 45233-45237 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T311 45380-45389 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T312 45394-45398 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T313 45445-45454 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T314 45459-45463 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T315 45681-45690 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T316 45809-45818 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T317 46391-46395 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T318 46470-46479 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T319 46602-46606 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T320 46996-47005 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T321 47132-47136 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T322 47179-47183 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T323 47302-47306 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T324 47615-47624 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T325 47793-47802 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T326 47866-47870 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T327 47982-47986 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T328 48042-48051 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T329 48110-48119 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T330 48530-48534 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T331 48612-48621 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T332 48864-48873 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T333 49098-49107 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T334 49918-49927 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T335 50521-50525 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T336 51751-51760 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T337 51940-51949 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T338 52197-52201 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T339 52511-52520 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T340 52792-52801 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T341 53573-53577 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T342 53614-53618 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T343 54328-54337 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T344 54342-54346 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T345 54395-54399 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T346 54511-54520 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T347 54588-54592 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T348 54725-54729 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T349 54843-54847 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T350 55048-55052 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T351 55090-55099 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T352 55160-55164 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T353 55330-55334 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T354 55468-55472 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T355 55776-55785 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T356 55842-55851 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T357 55938-55942 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T358 56405-56414 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T359 56460-56464 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T360 56676-56680 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T361 56787-56796 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T362 56856-56865 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T363 56880-56884 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T364 56940-56949 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T365 57327-57336 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T366 57568-57572 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T367 57796-57805 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T368 57827-57831 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T369 57988-57997 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T370 58077-58086 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T371 58099-58103 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T372 58163-58172 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T373 58405-58414 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T374 58518-58533 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T375 58524-58533 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T376 58911-58920 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T377 59148-59157 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T378 59438-59447 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T379 59680-59689 Disease denotes nCOV-2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T380 61103-61111 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T381 61283-61291 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 183-186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T2 471-476 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T3 534-538 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T4 625-626 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T5 854-856 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T6 957-963 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T7 1327-1332 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T8 1423-1426 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T9 1588-1590 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T10 1828-1833 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T11 1834-1837 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T12 2017-2020 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T13 2028-2029 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 2050-2051 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 2069-2074 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T16 2120-2132 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T17 2163-2166 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T18 2288-2293 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T19 2436-2441 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T20 2461-2462 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T21 2503-2510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T22 2556-2559 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T23 2760-2763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T24 3086-3087 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 3182-3187 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T26 3196-3197 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T27 3265-3274 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membranes
T28 3338-3340 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T29 3345-3347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T30 3345-3347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T31 3353-3355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T32 3399-3403 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T33 3422-3424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T34 3422-3424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T35 3477-3481 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T36 3482-3491 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membranes
T37 3537-3538 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38 3590-3591 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 3651-3659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T40 3674-3678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T41 3679-3687 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T42 3724-3727 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T43 3805-3809 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T44 3906-3908 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T45 3947-3948 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T46 4017-4022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T47 4385-4390 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T48 4688-4699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053065 denotes human cells
T49 4807-4808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T50 4994-4995 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T51 5375-5376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T52 5398-5399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53 5439-5440 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T54 5636-5637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 5774-5775 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T56 5845-5846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T57 5984-5989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T58 6083-6084 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T59 6315-6322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T60 6402-6407 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T61 6799-6800 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T62 6824-6829 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T63 6834-6839 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T64 6843-6848 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T65 7004-7010 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T66 7090-7093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T67 7362-7370 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human or
T68 7388-7389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T69 7902-7913 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053065 denotes human cells
T70 8052-8054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T71 8055-8057 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T72 8190-8191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T73 8218-8219 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T74 8889-8892 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T75 9390-9392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009877 denotes NY
T76 9547-9548 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T77 10474-10477 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T78 10501-10502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T79 10582-10584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T80 10937-10942 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focus
T81 11200-11202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T82 11662-11667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T83 11718-11723 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T84 12471-12472 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T85 12710-12712 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T86 12961-12963 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T87 13003-13005 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T88 13132-13137 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T89 13199-13201 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T90 13530-13532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T91 13533-13534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T92 13652-13653 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T93 14472-14473 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T94 14658-14659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T95 14732-14733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T96 14738-14740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008491 denotes ps
T97 14892-14893 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T98 15055-15056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T99 15106-15107 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T100 15509-15511 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T101 15644-15645 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T102 15693-15697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001757 denotes at 1
T103 15746-15747 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T104 15787-15788 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T105 15814-15816 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008491 denotes ps
T106 15990-15992 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T107 16103-16106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001562 denotes a 2
T108 16103-16106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001563 denotes a 2
T109 16358-16359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T110 16845-16846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T111 17252-17253 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T112 17533-17535 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T113 17662-17665 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003078 denotes FEL
T114 18239-18240 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T115 18413-18414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T116 18419-18421 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008491 denotes ps
T117 19044-19045 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T118 19254-19255 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T119 19263-19279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043235 denotes receptor complex
T120 19305-19308 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 3 4
T121 19625-19627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T122 19793-19794 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T123 20403-20406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T124 20407-20408 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T125 20498-20499 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T126 20519-20520 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T127 20571-20572 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T128 20622-20623 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T129 20714-20715 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T130 20786-20787 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T131 21045-21046 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T132 21143-21144 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T133 21159-21160 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T134 21239-21240 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T135 21262-21263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T136 21351-21352 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T137 21374-21375 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T138 21418-21419 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T139 21440-21441 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T140 21515-21518 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236 denotes 2 Å
T141 21674-21676 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T142 21875-21877 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T143 21875-21877 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T144 21967-21968 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T145 22048-22049 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T146 22177-22178 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T147 22206-22207 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T148 22224-22225 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T149 22304-22305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T150 22338-22339 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T151 22356-22357 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T152 22417-22418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T153 22945-22948 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T154 22967-22968 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T155 23050-23053 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T156 23087-23088 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T157 23262-23263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T158 23276-23277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T159 23301-23302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T160 23319-23320 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T161 23347-23350 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T162 23351-23352 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T163 23376-23377 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T164 23426-23427 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T165 23458-23459 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T166 24032-24035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050884 denotes ten
T167 24442-24443 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T168 24473-24474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T169 24831-24832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T170 24860-24861 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T171 24906-24907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T172 25171-25172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T173 25486-25487 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T174 25985-25987 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T175 26007-26008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T176 26234-26236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T177 26237-26238 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T178 26304-26306 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T179 26307-26308 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T180 26333-26334 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T181 26362-26364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T182 26443-26445 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T183 26841-26842 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T184 26932-26935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001375 denotes 455
T185 27213-27216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054064 denotes 491
T186 27468-27471 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T187 27503-27504 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T188 27588-27589 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T189 27656-27657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T190 27805-27806 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T191 28200-28201 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T192 28261-28262 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T193 28712-28714 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T194 28946-28949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T195 28950-28951 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T196 29017-29020 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T197 29021-29022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T198 29375-29376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T199 29520-29521 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T200 29951-29952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T201 30405-30406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T202 30671-30672 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T203 30879-30880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T204 31267-31268 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T205 31379-31380 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T206 31495-31497 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T207 31778-31779 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T208 32055-32056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T209 32558-32560 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T210 32558-32560 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T211 32580-32581 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T212 32694-32695 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T213 33242-33243 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T214 33321-33322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T215 33386-33388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T216 33632-33635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T217 33691-33692 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T218 34128-34129 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T219 34179-34180 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T220 34329-34332 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001649 denotes AC2
T221 34348-34349 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T222 34385-34386 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T223 34578-34579 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T224 34684-34687 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T225 34688-34689 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T226 34791-34792 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T227 34946-34947 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T228 35043-35046 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T229 35047-35048 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T230 35364-35368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050298 denotes 10 H
T231 35598-35599 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T232 35828-35830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T233 35878-35880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T234 35931-35933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T235 35971-35973 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T236 35998-35999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T237 36091-36094 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T238 36164-36167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T239 36168-36169 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T240 36676-36677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T241 36929-36931 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T242 36937-36938 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T243 37065-37066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T244 38035-38036 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T245 38695-38696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T246 39932-39935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T247 39936-39937 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T248 40530-40532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T249 40770-40771 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T250 40788-40790 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T251 40907-40909 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T252 41611-41612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T253 41635-41636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T254 41647-41648 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T255 41671-41672 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T256 41699-41702 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 3–4
T257 41703-41704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T258 41812-41813 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T259 41870-41873 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236 denotes 2 Å
T260 42081-42082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T261 42147-42148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T262 42175-42177 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T263 42175-42177 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T264 42303-42304 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T265 42362-42365 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236 denotes 2 Å
T266 42598-42599 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T267 42674-42675 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T268 42980-42981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T269 43178-43179 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T270 43326-43327 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T271 43535-43536 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T272 43559-43560 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T273 43746-43747 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T274 43772-43775 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003078 denotes FEL
T275 43898-43900 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T276 44189-44191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 denotes S5
T277 44339-44340 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T278 45125-45130 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T279 45189-45193 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050298 denotes 10 H
T280 45247-45250 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T281 46068-46071 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T282 46418-46419 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T283 46853-46854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T284 47491-47492 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T285 47649-47650 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T286 47710-47711 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T287 47991-47994 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T288 48120-48123 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T289 48208-48209 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T290 48879-48882 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T291 48883-48884 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T292 49814-49817 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T293 49880-49882 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T294 50211-50212 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T295 50852-50853 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T296 51127-51132 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T297 51403-51404 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T298 51449-51450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T299 51994-51997 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T300 52219-52220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T301 52338-52339 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T302 52803-52804 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T303 53005-53008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T304 53009-53010 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T305 53075-53078 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008190 denotes Per
T306 53148-53151 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T307 53152-53153 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T308 53251-53252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T309 53298-53299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T310 53440-53441 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T311 53698-53701 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T312 54611-54612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T313 55111-55112 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T314 55368-55371 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T315 55372-55373 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T316 55871-55872 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T317 56468-56469 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T318 56636-56637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T319 56710-56711 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T320 57056-57061 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T321 57133-57134 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T322 58042-58047 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T323 58051-58056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T324 58177-58180 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T325 58347-58351 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T326 58353-58355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T327 58653-58654 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T328 58711-58712 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T329 58747-58750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008190 denotes Per
T330 59388-59389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T331 60375-60379 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003078 denotes FELs
T332 60745-60750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948 denotes Heart
T333 60745-60750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100 denotes Heart
T334 60745-60750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228 denotes Heart
T335 60745-60750 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815 denotes Heart
T336 60752-60756 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes Lung
T337 60752-60756 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes Lung
T338 60762-60767 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes Blood
T339 60762-60767 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes Blood
T340 61252-61254 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T341 61301-61303 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 63-74 Chemical denotes Angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2719
T2 380-387 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T3 556-563 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T4 565-576 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T5 854-856 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T6 1075-1078 Chemical denotes Ala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16977|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46217
T8 1556-1559 Chemical denotes Ala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16977|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46217
T10 1588-1590 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T11 1732-1736 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T12 2596-2600 Chemical denotes beta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545
T13 3107-3119 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T14 3297-3304 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T15 3345-3347 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T16 3422-3424 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T17 3506-3513 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T18 3797-3804 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T19 3930-3937 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T20 4178-4186 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T21 4358-4365 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T22 4391-4402 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T23 4747-4754 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T24 5511-5519 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T25 6497-6501 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T27 6561-6565 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T29 7467-7475 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T30 7786-7793 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T31 8015-8027 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T32 9194-9196 Chemical denotes WA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73710
T33 9247-9249 Chemical denotes WA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73710
T34 9289-9291 Chemical denotes MI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53620|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74704
T36 9390-9392 Chemical denotes NY http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73427
T37 9689-9696 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T38 10446-10451 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T39 10836-10846 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T40 10836-10841 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T41 10842-10846 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T42 11200-11202 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T43 11219-11226 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T44 11387-11391 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T45 11847-11854 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T46 12026-12033 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T47 12532-12539 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T48 12710-12712 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T49 13003-13005 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T50 13314-13321 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T51 13457-13464 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T52 13541-13546 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T53 13570-13577 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T54 13666-13670 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T55 13882-13887 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T56 14127-14130 Chemical denotes Cys http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15356|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17561|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29950
T59 14201-14210 Chemical denotes disulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48343
T60 14453-14461 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T61 14462-14467 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T62 14868-14873 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T63 15230-15235 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T64 15509-15511 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T65 16683-16686 Chemical denotes PCA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36751|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62248
T67 17108-17113 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T68 17533-17535 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T69 18230-18235 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T70 18437-18445 Chemical denotes Hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18276
T71 18541-18546 Chemical denotes donor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17891
T72 18551-18559 Chemical denotes acceptor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15339
T73 19256-19262 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T74 19817-19824 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T75 19912-19919 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T76 20122-20127 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T77 20215-20220 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T78 21846-21851 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T79 21875-21877 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T80 22630-22640 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T81 22630-22635 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T82 22636-22640 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T83 23517-23519 Chemical denotes S3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29388
T84 23862-23865 Chemical denotes PCA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36751|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62248
T86 23957-23960 Chemical denotes PCA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36751|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62248
T88 24444-24451 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T89 24525-24532 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T90 25633-25635 Chemical denotes S4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29401
T91 25985-25987 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T92 26234-26236 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T93 26304-26306 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T94 26362-26364 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T95 26443-26445 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T96 26594-26599 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T97 26649-26654 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T98 32449-32453 Chemical denotes base http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22695
T99 32558-32560 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T100 33146-33153 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T101 33539-33546 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T102 35128-35136 Chemical denotes Hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18276
T103 35199-35207 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T104 35228-35232 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T106 35377-35381 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T108 35440-35444 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T110 36120-36128 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T111 36678-36682 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T113 36871-36875 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T115 37067-37071 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T117 37215-37219 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T119 38598-38608 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T120 38598-38603 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T121 38604-38608 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T122 39253-39255 Chemical denotes S3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29388
T123 39268-39275 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T124 39895-39902 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T125 40530-40532 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T126 40788-40790 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T127 40907-40909 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T128 42175-42177 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T129 42226-42233 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T130 42940-42947 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T131 43231-43238 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T132 43361-43364 Chemical denotes PCA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36751|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62248
T134 43721-43728 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T135 43840-43842 Chemical denotes S4 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29401
T136 43898-43900 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T137 43936-43939 Chemical denotes PCA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36751|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62248
T139 44043-44050 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T140 44189-44191 Chemical denotes S5 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29386
T141 45028-45036 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T142 45046-45050 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T144 45202-45206 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T146 45263-45267 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T148 46043-46046 Chemical denotes Ala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16977|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46217
T150 46764-46771 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T151 47336-47339 Chemical denotes Ala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16977|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46217
T153 47541-47548 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T154 48210-48214 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T156 48308-48315 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T157 48393-48397 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T159 48768-48775 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T160 49210-49212 Chemical denotes KD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73601
T26248 50206-50208 Chemical denotes S3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29388
T24077 50699-50706 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T53963 50827-50834 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T36380 50906-50908 Chemical denotes S3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29388
T17190 51205-51212 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T95994 51480-51487 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T7 51488-51495 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T4276 52221-52225 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T24139 56373-56383 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T22442 56373-56378 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T88304 56379-56383 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T51742 57900-57907 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T72160 58109-58112 Chemical denotes Ala http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16977|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46217
T65249 58353-58355 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T60750 58869-58876 Chemical denotes Alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T58677 58937-58944 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T45232 59271-59278 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T39679 61237-61243 Chemical denotes Silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T55865 61252-61254 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 455-470 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into host
T2 3166-3181 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into host
T3 7402-7417 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T4 13986-13999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085 denotes glycosylation
T5 16771-16784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translational
T6 20061-20074 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translational
T7 20867-20876 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behaviors
T8 21337-21345 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T9 22612-22620 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T10 30394-30403 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T11 32659-32668 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T12 41436-41451 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T13 42412-42420 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T14 58518-58533 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T15 59448-59457 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T16 59448-59457 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-129 Sentence denotes Critical Sequence Hotspots for Binding of Novel Coronavirus to Angiotensin Converter Enzyme as Evaluated by Molecular Simulations
T2 131-139 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 140-369 Sentence denotes The novel coronavirus (nCOV-2019) outbreak has put the world on edge, causing millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths all around the world, as of June 2020, let alone the societal and economic impacts of the crisis.
T4 370-601 Sentence denotes The spike protein of nCOV-2019 resides on the virion’s surface mediating coronavirus entry into host cells by binding its receptor binding domain (RBD) to the host cell surface receptor protein, angiotensin converter enzyme (ACE2).
T5 602-870 Sentence denotes Our goal is to provide a detailed structural mechanism of how nCOV-2019 recognizes and establishes contacts with ACE2 and its difference with an earlier severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV) in 2002 via extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
T6 871-996 Sentence denotes Numerous mutations have been identified in the RBD of nCOV-2019 strains isolated from humans in different parts of the world.
T7 997-1139 Sentence denotes In this study, we investigated the effect of these mutations as well as other Ala-scanning mutations on the stability of the RBD/ACE2 complex.
T8 1140-1306 Sentence denotes It is found that most of the naturally occurring mutations to the RBD either slightly strengthen or have the same binding affinity to ACE2 as the wild-type nCOV-2019.
T9 1307-1412 Sentence denotes This means that the virus had sufficient binding affinity to its receptor at the beginning of the crisis.
T10 1413-1532 Sentence denotes This also has implications for any vaccine design endeavors since these mutations could act as antibody escape mutants.
T11 1533-1759 Sentence denotes Furthermore, in silico Ala-scanning and long-timescale MD simulations highlight the crucial role of the residues at the interface of RBD and ACE2 that may be used as potential pharmacophores for any drug development endeavors.
T12 1760-1939 Sentence denotes From an evolutional perspective, this study also identifies how the virus has evolved from its predecessor SARS-COV and how it could further evolve to become even more infectious.
T13 1941-1953 Sentence denotes Introduction
T14 1954-2089 Sentence denotes The novel coronavirus (nCOV-2019) outbreak emerging from China has become a global pandemic and a major threat for human public health.
T15 2090-2442 Sentence denotes According to the World Health Organization as of August 28th 2020, there has been about 25 million confirmed cases and approaching 900,000 deaths because of coronavirus in the world.1,2 Much of the human population including the United States of America were under lockdown or official stay-at-home orders to minimize the continued spread of the virus.
T16 2443-2511 Sentence denotes Coronaviruses are a family of single-stranded enveloped RNA viruses.
T17 2512-3063 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic analysis of coronavirus genome has shown that nCOV-2019 belongs to the beta-coronavirus family, which also includes Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV), and bat-SARS-related coronaviruses.3,4 It is worth mentioning that SARS-COV, which was widespread in 2002 caused more than 8000 cases and about 800 deaths and MERS-COV in 2012 also spread in more than 25 countries, causing about 2500 cases and more than 850 deaths. (www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus).5
T18 3064-3348 Sentence denotes In all coronaviruses, a homotrimeric spike glycoprotein on the virion’s envelope mediates coronavirus entry into host cells through a mechanism of receptor binding followed by fusion of viral and host membranes.3,6 Coronavirus spike protein contains two functional subunits S1 and S2.
T19 3349-3810 Sentence denotes The S1 subunit is responsible for binding to host cell receptor, and the S2 subunit is responsible for fusion of viral and host cell membranes.3,7 The spike protein in nCOV-2019 exists in a meta-stable pre-fusion conformation that undergoes a substantial conformational rearrangement to fuse the viral membrane with the host cell membrane.7,8 nCOV-2019 is closely related to bat coronavirus RaTG13 with about 93.1% sequence similarity in the spike protein gene.
T20 3811-4032 Sentence denotes The sequence similarity of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV is less than 80% in the spike sequence.2 The S1 subunit in the spike protein includes a receptor binding domain (RBD) that recognizes and binds to the host cells receptor.
T21 4033-4736 Sentence denotes The RBD of nCOV-2019 shares 72.8% sequence identity to SARS-COV RBD and the root mean squared deviation (RMSD) for the structure between the two proteins is 1.2Å, which shows the high structural similarity.4,8,9 Experimental binding affinity measurements using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have shown that nCOV-2019 spike protein binds its receptor human angiotensin converter enzyme (ACE2) with 10 to 20 fold higher affinity than SARS-COV binding to ACE2.7 Based on the sequence similarity between RBD of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV and also the tight binding between the RBD of nCOV-2019 and ACE2, it is most probable that nCOV-2019 uses this receptor on human cells to gain entry into the body.3,6,7,10
T22 4737-4849 Sentence denotes The spike protein and specifically the RBD in coronaviruses have been a major target for therapeutic antibodies.
T23 4850-5083 Sentence denotes However, no monoclonal antibodies targeted to RBD have been able to bind efficiently and neutralize nCOV-2019.7,11 The core of nCOV-2019 RBD is a five-stranded antiparallel β-sheet with connected short α-helices and loops (Figure 1).
T24 5084-5183 Sentence denotes The binding interface of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV with ACE2 is very similar with less than 1.3Å RMSD.
T25 5184-5342 Sentence denotes An extended insertion inside the core containing short strands, α-helices, and loops called the receptor binding motif (RBM) makes all the contacts with ACE2.
T26 5343-5472 Sentence denotes In nCOV-2019 RBD, the RBM forms a concave surface with a ridge loop on one side and it binds to a convex exposed surface of ACE2.
T27 5473-5542 Sentence denotes The overlay of SARS and nCOV-2019 RBD proteins is shown in Figure 1A.
T28 5543-5653 Sentence denotes The binding interface in nCOV-2019 contains loops L1 to L4 and short β-strands β5 and β6 and a short helix α5.
T29 5654-5762 Sentence denotes The location of RBM in nCOV-2019 RBD as well as different helices, strands, and loops is shown in Figure 1B.
T30 5763-5940 Sentence denotes Figure 1 (A) Superposition of the RBD of SARS-COV (yellow) and nCOV-2019 (red). (B) Different regions in the binding domain of nCOV-2019 defining the extended loop (nonyellow).
T31 5941-6073 Sentence denotes The sequence alignment between SARS-COV in human, SARS civet, Bat RaTG13 coronavirus, and nCOV-2019 in the RBM is shown in Figure 2.
T32 6074-6151 Sentence denotes There is a 50% sequence similarity between the RBM of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV.
T33 6152-6323 Sentence denotes RBM mutations played an important role in the SARS epidemic in 2002.3,12 Two mutations in the RBM of SARS-2002 from SARS-Civet were observed from strains of these viruses.
T34 6324-6365 Sentence denotes These two mutations were K479N and S487T.
T35 6366-6470 Sentence denotes These two residues are close to the virus binding hotspots in ACE2 including hotspot-31 and hotspot-353.
T36 6471-6599 Sentence denotes Hotspot-31 centers on the salt-bridge between K31-E35 and hotspot-353 are centered on the salt-bridge between K353-E358 on ACE2.
T37 6600-7287 Sentence denotes Residues K479 and S487 in SARS-Civet are in close proximity with these hotspots and mutations at these residues caused SARS to bind ACE2 with significantly higher affinity than SARS-civet and played a major role in civet-to-human and human-to-human transmission of SARS coronavirus in 2002.3,13−15 Numerous mutations in the interface of SARS-COV RBD and ACE2 from different strains of SARS isolated from humans in 2002 have been identified and the effect of these mutations on binding ACE2 has been investigated by SPR.14,16 Two identified RBD mutations (Y442F and L472F) increased the binding affinity of SARS-COV to ACE2 and two mutations (N479K, T487S) decreased the binding affinity.
T38 7288-8239 Sentence denotes It was demonstrated that these mutations were viral adaptations to either human or civet ACE2.14,16 A pseudotyped viral infection assay of the interaction between different spike proteins and ACE2 confirmed the correlation between high affinity mutants and their high infection.16 Further investigation of RBD residues in binding of SARS-COV and ACE2 was performed through ala-scanning mutagenesis, which resulted in identification of residues that reduce binding affinity to ACE2 upon mutation to alanine.17 RBD mutations have also been identified in MERS-COV, which affected their affinity to receptor (DPP4) on human cells.14 Multiple monoclonal antibodies have been developed for SARS since 2002 that neutralized the spike glycoprotein on the SARS-COV surface.18−22 However, multiple escape mutations exist in the RBD of SARS-COV that affect neutralization with antibodies, which led to the use of a cocktail of antibodies as a robust treatment.23
T39 8240-8333 Sentence denotes Figure 2 Sequence comparison of the RBM in SARS-2002, SARS-civet, Bat RaTG13, and nCOV-2019.
T40 8334-8393 Sentence denotes Mutations from SARS-2002 to nCOV-2019 are marked with blue.
T41 8394-8444 Sentence denotes Important mutations in RBM are marked with yellow.
T42 8445-8550 Sentence denotes Red color shows the three-residue motif in SARS and civet and four-residue motif in RaTG13 and nCOV-2019.
T43 8551-8709 Sentence denotes Full genome analysis of nCOV-2019 in different countries and the receptor binding surveillance have shown multiple mutations in the RBD of glycosylated spike.
T44 8710-8834 Sentence denotes The GISAID database24 (www.gisaid.org/) contains genomes on nCOV-2019 from researchers across the world since December 2019.
T45 8835-9104 Sentence denotes The latest report by the GISAID database on June 2020 has shown 25 different variants of RBD from strains of nCOV-2019 collected from different countries along with the number of occurrences in these regions which is listed below for the seven most occurring mutations:
T46 9105-9413 Sentence denotes 213x N439K (211 Scotland, England, and Romania), 65x T478I in England, 30x V483A (26 USA/WA, 2 USA/UN, USA/CT, and England), 10x G476S (8 USA/WA, USA/OR, and Belgium), 7x S494P (3 USA/MI, England, Spain, India, and Sweden), 5x V483F (4x Spain and England), and 4x A475V (2 USA/AZ, USA/NY, and Australia/NSW).
T47 9414-9513 Sentence denotes It is not known whether these mutations are linked to the severity of coronavirus in these regions.
T48 9514-9737 Sentence denotes Starr and co-workers25 performed a deep mutational scanning of nCOV-2019 RBD and used flow cytometry to measure the effect of single mutations on the expression of the folded protein as well as its binding affinity to ACE2.
T49 9738-9878 Sentence denotes They showed that RBD is very tolerant to these mutations to maintain its expression level as well as binding affinity to ACE2 in most cases.
T50 9879-9994 Sentence denotes According to their results, most natural mutations exert similar binding affinities to ACE2 as wild-type nCOV-2019.
T51 9995-10228 Sentence denotes Furthermore, they showed that mutations at critical positions at the RBD-ACE2 interface at nCOV-2019 such as residues Q493 and Q498 do not reduce the binding affinity to ACE2 which shows the substantial plasticity of the interface.25
T52 10229-10418 Sentence denotes Different groups have computationally studied the binding of nCOV-2019 RBD with ACE2.25−29 All these studies point to the higher binding affinity of nCOV-2019 RBD than SARS-COV RBD to ACE2.
T53 10419-10765 Sentence denotes Interestingly, the role of water-mediated interactions has been pointed out to be a driving force which is shown to be similar for both SARS-COV and nCOV-2019 RBD.27 Spinello and co-workers30 studied the binding of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV RBD to ACE2 and found that the former binds its receptor with 30 kcal/mol higher affinity than SARS-COV RBD.
T54 10766-10932 Sentence denotes Gao et al.31 used free energy perturbation (FEP) and showed that most amino acid mutations at the RBM from SARS-COV to nCOV-2019 increase the affinity of RBD to ACE2.
T55 10933-11215 Sentence denotes The focus of this article is to elucidate the differences between the interface of SARS-COV and nCOV-2019 with ACE2 to understand with atomic resolution the interaction mechanism and hotspot residues at the RBD/ACE2 interface using long-timescale molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.
T56 11216-11404 Sentence denotes An alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the RBM of nCOV-2019 helped to identify the key residues in the interaction, which could be used as potential pharmacophores for future drug development.
T57 11405-11585 Sentence denotes Furthermore, we performed molecular simulations on the seven most common mutations found from the surveillance of RBD mutations N439K, T478I, V483A, G476S, S494P, V483F, and A475V.
T58 11586-11731 Sentence denotes From an evolutionary perspective this study shows the residues in which the virus might further evolve to be even more dangerous to human health.
T59 11733-11740 Sentence denotes Methods
T60 11742-11784 Sentence denotes Sequence Comparison and Mutant Preparation
T61 11785-12453 Sentence denotes nCOV-2019 shares 76% sequence similarity with SARS-2002 spike protein, 73% sequence identity for RBD and 50% for the RBM.1 Bat coronavirus RaTG13 seems to be the closest relative of nCOV-2019 sharing about 93% sequence identity in the spike protein.6 The sequence alignment of SARS-2002 (accession number: AFR58742), SARS-civet (accession number: AY304486.1), Bat RaTG13 (accession number: MN996532.1), and nCOV-2019 (accession number: MN908947.1) is shown in Figure 2.6 To investigate the roles of critical mutations on the complex stability of nCOV-2019 with ACE2, mCSM-PPI2 webserver32 was used to find the residues in nCOV-2019 that are at the interface with ACE2.
T62 12454-12724 Sentence denotes This method uses a graph-based signature framework and predicts the effect of alanine substitution at interface residues on the binding energy of the complex, and 21 different residues were identified to be in contact with ACE2 and were chosen for further MD simulation.
T63 12725-13001 Sentence denotes On the other hand, mutations are also observed in the RBD domain from full genome analysis of different nCOV-2019 variants collected from different countries compiled in the GISAID database.24 The mutations selected are listed in Table S1 along with their location in the RBD.
T64 13003-13017 Sentence denotes MD Simulations
T65 13018-13151 Sentence denotes The crystal structure of nCOV-2019 in the complex with hACE2 (pdb id:6M0J)17 as well as the SARS-COV complex with human ACE2 (pdb id:
T66 13152-13308 Sentence denotes 6ACJ)33 were obtained from RCSB (www.rcsb.org).34 The RBD domain of nCOV-2019 comprises 194 residues (333–526) and SARS-COV includes 190 residues (323–512).
T67 13309-13395 Sentence denotes ACE2 protein contains 597 residues (19–615) in the complex structure for both systems.
T68 13396-13651 Sentence denotes All the structures including nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and all 21 alanine substitutions of nCOV-2019 were prepared and solvated in GROMACS.35 A TIP3P water model was used for the solvent and Param99SB-ILDN AMBER force field36,37 was used for all the complexes.
T69 13652-13845 Sentence denotes A few counter ions were added to each system to neutralize the charges on the RBD and ACE2 as the PBSA method for binding energy calculation is known to be problematic with high ionic strength.
T70 13846-13888 Sentence denotes Each system contained about 260,000 atoms.
T71 13889-13981 Sentence denotes It is important to note that, none of the RBD/ACE2 complexes studied here were glycosylated.
T72 13982-14101 Sentence denotes The glycosylation sites on RBD are far from the binding interface and do not interfere with the binding of RBD to ACE2.
T73 14102-14282 Sentence denotes Moreover, there are nine Cys residues at the RBD of nCOV-2019 and eight of them form four pairs of disulfide bonds (Cys336-Cys361, Cys379-Cys432, Cys391-Cys525, and Cys480-Cys488).
T74 14283-14375 Sentence denotes In total, 5000 steps of energy minimizations were done using the steepest descent algorithm.
T75 14376-14530 Sentence denotes In all steps, the LINCS algorithm was used to constrain all bonds containing hydrogen atoms and a time step of 2 fs was used as the integration time step.
T76 14531-14589 Sentence denotes Equilibration of all systems was performed in three steps.
T77 14590-14966 Sentence denotes In the first step, 100,000 steps of simulation were performed using a velocity-rescaling thermostat to maintain the temperature at 310 K with a 0.1 ps coupling constant in an NVT ensemble under periodic boundary conditions and harmonic restraints on the backbone and side-chain atoms of the complex.38 A velocity rescaling thermostat was used in all other steps of simulation.
T78 14967-15287 Sentence denotes In the next step, we performed 300,000 steps in the isothermal-isobaric NPT ensemble at a temperature of 310 K and pressure of 1 bar using a Berendsen barostat.39 This was done through decreasing the force constant of the restraint on the backbone and side-chain atoms of the complex from 1000 to 100 and finally to 10 .
T79 15288-15408 Sentence denotes The Berendsen barostat was only used for the equilibration step because of its usefulness in rapidly correcting density.
T80 15409-15546 Sentence denotes In the next step, the restraints were removed, and the systems were subjected to 1,000,000 steps of MD simulation under the NPT ensemble.
T81 15547-15817 Sentence denotes In the production run, harmonic restraints were removed and all the systems were simulated using a NPT ensemble where the pressure was maintained at 1 bar using the Parrinello-Rahman barostat40 with a compressibility of 4.5 × 10–5bar–1 and a coupling constant of 0.5 ps.
T82 15818-16320 Sentence denotes It is important to note that the Berendsen barostat was only used for the equilibration step as it was shown that this barostat can cause unrealistic temperature gradients.41 The production run lasted for 500 ns for SARS-COV and nCOV-2019 complexes and 300 ns for all the mutants with a 2 fs timestep and the particle-mesh Ewald42 for long range electrostatic interactions using the GROMACS 2018.3 package.43 All mutant systems were constructed as described before and ran for 300 ns of production run.
T83 16321-16428 Sentence denotes In addition, the simulation time for a few mutants (Y449A, T478I, Y489A, and S494P) was extended to 500 ns.
T84 16430-16470 Sentence denotes Gibbs Free Energy and Correlated Motions
T85 16471-16877 Sentence denotes The last 400 ns of simulation was used to explore the dominant motions in SARS-COV, nCOV-2019 and the mutations with extended simulation, and last 200 ns for all other mutants using principal component analysis (PCA) as part of the quasiharmonic analysis method.44 For this method the rotational and translational motions of RBD of all systems were eliminated by fitting to a reference (crystal) structure.
T86 16878-17121 Sentence denotes Next, 4000 snapshots from the last 400 ns of SARS-COV, nCOV-2019 and mutations with extended simulation time, and 2000 snapshots from last 200 ns of all other mutant systems were taken to generate the covariance matrix between Cα atoms of RBD.
T87 17122-17208 Sentence denotes In the mutant systems with production run, the last 400 ns was used for this analysis.
T88 17209-17542 Sentence denotes Diagonalization of this matrix resulted in a diagonal matrix of eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors.43,45 The first eigenvector which indicate the first principal component was used to visualize the dominant global motions of all complexes through porcupine plots using the (PorcupinePlot.tcl) script in visual MD (VMD).
T89 17543-17645 Sentence denotes The principal components were used to calculate and plot the approximate free energy landscape (aFEL).
T90 17646-18006 Sentence denotes We refer to the FEL produced by this approach to be approximate in that the ensemble with respect to the first few PC’s (lowest frequency quasiharmonic modes) is not close to convergence, but the analysis can still provide valuable information and insight. g_sham, g_covar, and g_anaeig functions in GROMACS35 were used to obtain principal components and aFEL.
T91 18007-18258 Sentence denotes The dynamic cross-correlation maps (DCCM) were obtained using the MD_TASK package to identify the correlated motions of RBD residues.46 In DCCM, the cross-correlation matrix Cij is obtained from displacement of backbone Cα atoms at a time interval Δt.
T92 18259-18436 Sentence denotes The DCCM was constructed using the last 400 ns of SARS-COV and nCOV-2019 and the extended mutant systems and last 200 ns of all other mutant systems with a 100 ps time interval.
T93 18437-18568 Sentence denotes Hydrogen bonds were analyzed in VMD where the distance cutoff was 3.2Å and the angle cutoff between the donor and acceptor was 30°.
T94 18570-18652 Sentence denotes Binding Free Energy from Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area Method
T95 18653-19028 Sentence denotes The molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) method was applied to calculate the binding energy between RBD and ACE2 in all complexes.47,48 For SARS-COV and nCOV-2019, 200 snapshots of the last 400 ns and for the mutant systems and 100 snapshots of the last 200 ns simulation were used for the calculation of binding free energies with an interval of 2 ns.
T96 19029-19226 Sentence denotes Simulation for a few mutant systems (Y449A, T478I, Y489A, and S494P) was extended to 400 ns, and the binding energies were calculated for the last 400 ns to assess the convergence of free energies.
T97 19227-19310 Sentence denotes The binding free energy of a ligand–receptor complex can be calculated as:1 2 3 4 5
T98 19311-19518 Sentence denotes In these equations, ΔEMM, ΔGbind, solv, and −TΔS are calculated in the gas phase. ΔEMM is the gas phase molecular mechanical energy changes which includes covalent, electrostatic, and van der Waals energies.
T99 19519-19723 Sentence denotes Based on previous studies, the entropy change during binding is small and neglected in these calculations.48−50 ΔGbind, solv is the solvation free energy which comprises the polar and nonpolar components.
T100 19724-19857 Sentence denotes The polar solvation is calculated using the MMPBSA method by setting a value of 80 and 2 for solvent and solute dielectric constants.
T101 19858-19979 Sentence denotes The nonpolar free energy is simply estimated from the solvent accessible surface area (SASA) of the solute from the eq 5.
T102 19981-19988 Sentence denotes Results
T103 19990-20009 Sentence denotes Structural Dynamics
T104 20010-20243 Sentence denotes To compute the RMSD of systems, the rotational and translational movements were removed by first fitting the Cα atoms of the RBD to the crystal structure and then computing the RMSD with respect to the Cα atoms of RBD in each system.
T105 20244-20333 Sentence denotes Figure 3 shows the RMSD plot in the RBD of SARS-COV, nCOV-2019, and some of its variants.
T106 20334-20454 Sentence denotes Comparison of the RMSD of SARS and nCOV-2019 RBD shows that SARS-COV has a larger RMSD throughout the 500 ns simulation.
T107 20455-20624 Sentence denotes In nCOV-2019, the RMSD is very stable with a value of about 1.5 Å, whereas in SARS-COV, the RMSD increases up to ∼4 Å after 100 ns and then fluctuates between 3 and 4 Å.
T108 20625-20730 Sentence denotes The change in RMSD of SARS is partially related to the motion in the C-terminal which is a flexible loop.
T109 20731-20812 Sentence denotes Figure 3 Cα RMSD plots for nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV and a few nCOV-2019 mutations.
T110 20813-20893 Sentence denotes The RMSD plots for the nCOV-2019 mutants show similar behaviors to nCOV-2019-wt.
T111 20894-21035 Sentence denotes In most of the variants, the RMSD is very stable during the 300 ns simulation which shows the great tolerance of the interface for mutations.
T112 21036-21087 Sentence denotes However, a few mutations showed some RMSD variance.
T113 21088-21175 Sentence denotes In mutation Y489A, the RMSD increases from 1.37 ± 0.21 Å to1.88 ± 0.16 Å after 2000 ns.
T114 21176-21288 Sentence denotes Mutation Y505A resulted in an increase in RMSD up to 100 ns to a value to 1.98 ± 0.20 Å and decreased afterward.
T115 21289-21376 Sentence denotes The RMSD for mutation N487A shows an increasing behavior with a value of 2.10 ± 0.23 Å.
T116 21377-21442 Sentence denotes Mutations N439K, V483A, and V483F showed a stable RMSD of ∼1.5 Å.
T117 21443-21519 Sentence denotes For mutations T478I, G476S, S494P, and A475V, the RMSD increases up to ∼2 Å.
T118 21520-21622 Sentence denotes These variations in the backbone RMSD show the involvement of these residues in the complex stability.
T119 21623-21677 Sentence denotes RMSD plots for other mutations are shown in Figure S1.
T120 21678-21879 Sentence denotes Since the extended loop (residues 449 to 510 shown in Figure 1B from α4 to α5) of the RBD makes all contacts with ACE2, the RMSD was computed by also fitting to the Cα atoms of this region (Figure S2).
T121 21880-22050 Sentence denotes The extended loop in nCOV-2019 is very stable with less deviation (RMSD = 0.86 ± 0.017 Å) from the crystal structure compared to SARS-COV having an RMSD of 2.79 ± 0.05 Å.
T122 22051-22126 Sentence denotes Few of the mutants show an increase in the loop RMSD during the simulation.
T123 22127-22274 Sentence denotes In mutants N487A and Y449A the loop RMSD jumps to a value of about 1.95 ± 0.12 Å and 1.94 ± 0.24 Å, respectively, after about 200 ns of simulation.
T124 22275-22395 Sentence denotes Mutants G447A and E484A show a loop RMSD values of 2.22 ± 0.03 Å and 1.96 ± 0.02 Å during the last 100 ns of simulation.
T125 22396-22482 Sentence denotes Other mutants showed a stable extended loop (observed in loop RMSD) during simulation.
T126 22483-22583 Sentence denotes The stability of extended loop for mutant systems confirms the high tolerance of this region of RBD.
T127 22584-22720 Sentence denotes To characterize the dynamic behavior for each amino acid in the RBD, we analyzed the root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) of all systems.
T128 22721-22864 Sentence denotes The RMSF plots for nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and four other mutations are shown in Figure 4. nCOV-2019 shows less fluctuations compared to SARS-COV.
T129 22865-23007 Sentence denotes L3 in nCOV-2019 corresponding to residues 476 to 487 (shown in red in Figure 4) has smaller RMSF (1.5 Å) than SARS-COV L3 residues 463 to 474.
T130 23008-23090 Sentence denotes L1 in both nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV (green) has small fluctuation (less than 1.5 Å).
T131 23091-23186 Sentence denotes Moreover, the C-terminal residues of SARS-COV show high fluctuation (Figure 4 shown in orange).
T132 23187-23233 Sentence denotes Few mutants show higher fluctuation in the L1.
T133 23234-23331 Sentence denotes Mutants Y505A and S494A had a RMSF of 2.5 Å and mutation N487A had a RMSF of about 4 Å in the L1.
T134 23332-23388 Sentence denotes Mutation Y449A has a higher RMSF of about 3 Å in the L3.
T135 23389-23470 Sentence denotes Mutants G496A, E484A, and G447A show a high fluctuation of about 4.5 Å in the L3.
T136 23471-23520 Sentence denotes The RMSF of other variants is shown in Figure S3.
T137 23521-23601 Sentence denotes Figure 4 RMSF plots for nCOV-2019-wt, SARS-COV, Y505A, N487A, G496A, and E484A.
T138 23602-23708 Sentence denotes The red shaded region shows the fluctuation in L1 and the green shaded region shows the fluctuation in L3.
T139 23709-23786 Sentence denotes The orange shaded region in SARS-COV shows the fluctuation in the C-terminal.
T140 23787-23860 Sentence denotes For comparison, the RMSF of nCOV-2019-wt is shown as cyan in other plots.
T141 23862-23874 Sentence denotes PCA and aFEL
T142 23875-23975 Sentence denotes To identify the dominant motions in the nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and all the mutants, PCA was performed.
T143 23976-24181 Sentence denotes Most of the combined motions were captured by the first ten eigenvectors generated from the last 400 ns for SARS-COV, nCOV-2019, and extended mutant systems and the last 200 ns for other nCOV-2019 mutants.
T144 24182-24296 Sentence denotes The percentage of the motions captured by the first three eigenvectors was 51% for nCOV-2019 and 68% for SARS-COV.
T145 24297-24390 Sentence denotes In all mutations, more than 50% of the motions were captured by the first three eigenvectors.
T146 24391-24551 Sentence denotes The first few PC’s describe the highest motions in a protein which are related to a functional motion such as binding or unbinding of protein from the receptor.
T147 24552-24751 Sentence denotes The first three eigenvectors were used to calculate the aFEL using the last 400 ns of simulation for nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV as shown in Figure 5, which displays the variance in conformational motion.
T148 24752-24850 Sentence denotes SARS-COV showed two distinct low free energy states shown as blue separated by a metastable state.
T149 24851-24952 Sentence denotes There is a clear separation between the two regions by a free energy barrier of about 6–7.5 kcal/mol.
T150 24953-25068 Sentence denotes These two states correspond to the loop motions in the L3 as well as the motion in C-terminal residues of SARS-COV.
T151 25069-25217 Sentence denotes The L3 motion in nCOV-2019 is stabilized by the H-bond between N487 on RBD and Y83 on ACE2 as well as a π-stacking interaction between F486 and Y83.
T152 25218-25414 Sentence denotes It is evident that the nCOV-2019 RBD is more stable than SASR-COV RBD and exists in one conformation whereas the SARS-COV interface fluctuates and the aFEL is separated into two different regions.
T153 25415-25636 Sentence denotes The first two eigenvectors were used to calculate and plot the aFEL as a function of first two principal components using the last 200 ns of the simulation for mutant systems. aFEL for other systems is shown in Figure S4.
T154 25637-25796 Sentence denotes Figure 5 Mapping of the principal components of the RBD for the aFEL from the last 400 ns of simulations for SARS-COV (top row) and nCOV-2019-wt (bottom row).
T155 25797-25855 Sentence denotes The color bar is relative to the lowest free energy state.
T156 25856-26134 Sentence denotes In each system, the first eigenvector was used to construct the porcupine plots to visualize the most dominant movements (Figure S5). nCOV-2019 showed a small motion in L3 and the core region and the extended loop region are very rigid showing small cones in the porcupine plot.
T157 26135-26240 Sentence denotes The core structure of the RBD remains dormant as the cones are blue in most of the regions (Figure S5-A).
T158 26241-26310 Sentence denotes In SARS-COV, the C-terminal region shows large motions (Figure S5-B).
T159 26311-26368 Sentence denotes Mutation N487A showed a large motion in L1 (Figure S5-C).
T160 26369-26447 Sentence denotes Mutations Y449A, G447A, and E484A demonstrate large motions in L3 (Figure S5).
T161 26448-26557 Sentence denotes Overall, these plots show the involvement of these residues in the dynamic stability of the RBD/ACE2 complex.
T162 26559-26563 Sentence denotes DCCM
T163 26564-26810 Sentence denotes The correlated motions of RBD atoms were also analyzed with the DCCM based on the Cα atoms of RBD from the last 400 ns of simulation for nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and extended mutant systems and the last 200 ns for the other mutant systems (Figure 6).
T164 26811-27010 Sentence denotes The DCCM for nCOV-2019 showed a correlation between residues 490–505 (containing α5, L4 and β5 regions) and residues 440–455 (containing α4, L1 and β5 regions) shown in the red rectangle in Figure 6.
T165 27011-27098 Sentence denotes This correlation showed the coordination of these regions for binding ACE2 effectively.
T166 27099-27217 Sentence denotes Another important correlation that appears in the DCCM of nCOV-2019 is between residues 473–481 with residues 482–491.
T167 27218-27319 Sentence denotes These residues are in L3 and β6 regions and their correlation in nCOV-2019 is stronger than SARS-COV.
T168 27320-27431 Sentence denotes This is due to the presence of the β6 strand in nCOV-2019, whereas in SARS-COV these residues all belong to L3.
T169 27432-27621 Sentence denotes This indicates that L3 in nCOV-2019 has evolved from SARS-COV to adopt a new secondary structure, which causes strong correlation and makes the loop act as a recognition region for binding.
T170 27622-27685 Sentence denotes The correlation in L3 is shown as a blue rectangle in Figure 6.
T171 27686-27782 Sentence denotes Some of the mutations disrupted the patterns of correlation and anticorrelation in nCOV-2019-wt.
T172 27783-27871 Sentence denotes Mutation N487A showed a stronger correlation in L3 and β6 strand than the wild-type RBD.
T173 27872-27943 Sentence denotes In mutation E484A, correlation in L3 is stronger than the nCOV-2019-wt.
T174 27944-27990 Sentence denotes DCCM for other mutants are shown in Figure S6.
T175 27991-28162 Sentence denotes It is worth mentioning that mutation F486A disrupts the DCCM of nCOV-2019 by introducing strong correlations in the core region of RBD as well as the extended loop region.
T176 28163-28312 Sentence denotes Residue F486 resides in L3 and plays a crucial role in stabilizing the recognition loop by making a π-stacking interaction with residue Y83A on ACE2.
T177 28313-28404 Sentence denotes Figure 6 DCCM for nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and mutants with residue numbers of the RBD domain.
T178 28405-28494 Sentence denotes Red boxes show the correlation between α5, L4, and β5 regions and α4, L1, and β5 regions.
T179 28495-28548 Sentence denotes Blue boxes show the correlation in L3 and β6 regions.
T180 28550-28571 Sentence denotes Binding Free Energies
T181 28572-29076 Sentence denotes The binding energetics between ACE2 and the RBD of SARS-COV, nCOV-2019, and all its mutant complexes were investigated by the MMPBSA method.48 The binding energy was partitioned into its individual components including: electrostatic, van der Waals, polar solvation, and SASA to identify important factors affecting the interface of RBD and ACE2 in all complexes. nCOV-2019 has a total binding energy of −50.22 ± 1.93 kcal/mol, whereas SARS-COV has a much higher binding energy of −18.79 ± 1.53 kcal/mol.
T182 29077-29319 Sentence denotes Decomposition of binding energy to its components show that the most striking difference between nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV is the electrostatic contribution which is −746.69 ± 2.66 kcal/mol for nCOV-2019 and −600.14 ± 7.65 kcal/mol for SARS-COV.
T183 29320-29624 Sentence denotes This high electrostatic contribution is compensated by a large polar solvation free energy which is 797.30 ± 3.12kcal/mol for nCOV-2019 and 659.61 ± 8.98 kcal/mol for SARS-COV. nCOV-2019 also possess a higher van der Waals (vdw) contribution (−89.93 ± 0.46 kcal/mol than SARS-COV (−70.07 ± 1.22 kcal/mol.
T184 29625-29744 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the SASA contribution to binding for SARS-COV was −8.30 ± 0.15 kcal/mol and −10.58 kcal/mol for nCOV-2019.
T185 29745-29876 Sentence denotes Both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions play major roles in the higher affinity of nCOV-2019 RBD than SARS-COV RBD to ACE2.
T186 29877-30133 Sentence denotes The binding free energies for nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV were decomposed into a per-residue based binding energy to find the residues that contribute strongly to the binding and are responsible for higher binding affinity of nCOV-2019 than SARS-COV (Figure 7).
T187 30134-30253 Sentence denotes Most of the residues in the RBM of nCOV-2019 had more favorable contribution to the total binding energy than SARS-COV.
T188 30254-30404 Sentence denotes Residues Q498, Y505, N501, Q493, and K417 in nCOV-2019 RBM contributed more than 5 kcal/mol to binding affinity and are crucial for complex formation.
T189 30405-30494 Sentence denotes A few residues such as E484 and S494 contributed unfavorably to the total binding energy.
T190 30495-30615 Sentence denotes Among all the interface residues K417 had the highest contribution to the total binding energy (−12.34 ± 0.23 kcal/mol).
T191 30616-30786 Sentence denotes The corresponding residue in SARS-COV is V404 only had a −0.02 ± 0.01 kcal/mol contribution, which points to the importance of this residue for nCOV-2019 binding to ACE2.
T192 30787-30945 Sentence denotes Residue Q498 contributed −6.72 ± 0.18 kcal/mol and its corresponding residue in SARS-COV is a Y484 that contributed to total binding by −1.83 ± 0.06 kcal/mol.
T193 30946-31125 Sentence denotes Other important residues Y505 and N501 have more negative contribution to total binding energy than their counterparts in SARS-COV residues Y491 and T487, respectively (Figure 7).
T194 31126-31346 Sentence denotes Residue D480 in SARS-COV contributed positively to binding energy by 6.2 ± 0.15 kcal/mol and the corresponding residue in nCOV-2019 which is a S494 residue lowered this positive contribution to only 1.17 ± 0.06 kcal/mol.
T195 31347-31755 Sentence denotes Mutation D480A/G appeared to be a dominant mutation in SARS-COV in 2002–2003.51 This mutation was reported to escape neutralization by antibody 80R.52 To investigate the effect of this point mutation on binding of SARS-COV RBD to ACE2 we performed an additional simulation and calculated the binding affinity for this mutant in SARS-COV RBD with the same approach for other mutation in this study (Figure 8).
T196 31756-31887 Sentence denotes D480A mutation showed a binding affinity of 23.46 ± 3.07 kcal/mol which is about 5 kcal/mol higher than the wild-type SARS-COV RBD.
T197 31888-32095 Sentence denotes In SARS-COV, residue R426 had the highest contribution to the total binding energy (−6.27 ± 0.22 kcal/mol although the corresponding residue in nCOV-2019 is N439 with a contribution of −0.32 ± 0.02 kcal/mol.
T198 32096-32241 Sentence denotes These important mutations on RBM of nCOV-2019 from SARS-COV caused RBD of nCOV-2019 to bind ACE2 with much stronger (about 30 kcal/mol) affinity.
T199 32242-32331 Sentence denotes Figure 7 Binding energy decomposition per residue for the RBM of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV.
T200 32332-32404 Sentence denotes Figure 8 Total free binding energy of SARS-COV, nCOV-2019, and mutants.
T201 32405-32454 Sentence denotes Natural mutants are shown with X at the bar base.
T202 32455-32561 Sentence denotes Binding free energy decomposition to its individual components for all mutants is represented in Table S2.
T203 32562-32748 Sentence denotes In all complexes, a large positive polar solvation free energy disfavors the binding and complex formation, which is compensated by a large negative electrostatic free energy of binding.
T204 32749-32788 Sentence denotes All variants had similar SASA energies.
T205 32789-32902 Sentence denotes The vdw free energy of binding ranged from −84.68 ± 0.68 kcal/mol for Q493A to −103.85 ± 0.66 kcal/mol for Y489A.
T206 32903-33140 Sentence denotes Mutant K417A had the lowest electrostatic contribution to binding −415.67 ± 5.07 kcal/mol and mutants N439K and E484A had the highest electrostatic binding contribution of −989.80 ± 5.6 kcal/mol and −941.20 ± 3.95 kcal/mol, respectively.
T207 33141-33303 Sentence denotes Most alanine substitutions exhibited similar or lower total binding affinities to nCOV-2019, however a few mutants had higher binding affinity than the wild type.
T208 33304-33434 Sentence denotes Mutant Y489A had a total binding energy of −61.78 ± 2.59 kcal/mol which was about 11 kcal/mol lower than wild type binding energy.
T209 33435-33532 Sentence denotes Mutants G446A, G447A, and T478I also demonstrated higher total binding affinities than nCOV-2019.
T210 33533-33618 Sentence denotes Other alanine substitutions had similar or lower total binding energy than nCOV-2019.
T211 33619-33734 Sentence denotes Mutant G502A has the lowest binding affinity among all the mutants with a binding energy of −24.31 ± 2.98 kcal/mol.
T212 33735-33880 Sentence denotes Mutant systems K417A, L455A, T500A, and N501A are the other mutants with total binding affinities significantly lower than the wild type complex.
T213 33881-33989 Sentence denotes The electrostatic component of binding contributes the most to the low binding affinities for these mutants.
T214 33990-34116 Sentence denotes The contribution of RBM residues to binding with ACE2 for nCOV-2019 was mapped to the RBD structure and is shown in Figure 9B.
T215 34117-34262 Sentence denotes Figure 9 (A) H bonds between RBD of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV. (B) Mapping contribution of interface residues to structure in the RBD of nCOV-2019.
T216 34263-34304 Sentence denotes The RBD is purple and the ACE2 is yellow.
T217 34305-34482 Sentence denotes The RBD in contact with AC2 is rendered in a surface format with more red being a favorable contribution to binding (more negative) and blue unfavorable contribution (positive).
T218 34483-34595 Sentence denotes Most natural mutants exhibited similar binding affinities compared to wild-type nCOV-2019 with a few exceptions.
T219 34596-34767 Sentence denotes Mutation T478I which is one of the most frequent mutations based on the GISAID database has a binding affinity which is about 6 kcal/mol higher than that of the wild-type.
T220 34768-34852 Sentence denotes S494P and A475V showed a slightly lower binding affinity than the wild-type complex.
T221 34853-34926 Sentence denotes Other natural mutants showed binding affinities similar to wild-type RBD.
T222 34927-35126 Sentence denotes N439K demonstrated a high electrostatic energy which is compensated by large polar solvation energy and this mutant has a total binding energy of −48.27 ± 3.07 kcal/mol which is similar to nCOV-2019.
T223 35128-35188 Sentence denotes Hydrogen Bond, Salt-Bridge, and Hydrophobic Contact Analysis
T224 35189-35493 Sentence denotes Important hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) and salt bridges between nCOV-2019 RBD or SARS-COV RBD and ACE2 for the last 400 ns of trajectory are shown in Table 1. nCOV-2019 RBD makes 10 H-bonds/1 salt bridge with ACE2, whereas SARS-COV makes only 5 H-bonds/1 salt bridge with ACE2 with more than 30% persistence.
T225 35494-35599 Sentence denotes Table 1 H-Bonds and Salt-Bridges between nCOV-2019 and ACE2 and SARS-COV and ACE2 that Persist for >30%a
T226 35600-35660 Sentence denotes # nCOV-2019 ACE2 % occupancy SARS-COV ACE2 % occupancy
T227 35661-35693 Sentence denotes 1 G502 K353 89 Y436 D38 96
T228 35694-35729 Sentence denotes 2 Q493 E35 83 R426 E329 87
T229 35730-35762 Sentence denotes 3 N487 Y83 80 T486 D355 83
T230 35763-35795 Sentence denotes 4 Q498 D38 73 G488 K353 80
T231 35796-35830 Sentence denotes 5 K417 D30 55 N479 K31 52
T232 35831-35863 Sentence denotes 6 T500 D355 53 Y440 H34 47
T233 35864-35889 Sentence denotes 7 Y505 E37 52      
T234 35890-35916 Sentence denotes 8 Q498 K353 49      
T235 35917-35942 Sentence denotes 9 Y449 D38 45      
T236 35943-35970 Sentence denotes 10 G496 K353 37      
T237 35971-35997 Sentence denotes 11 Q493 K31 32      
T238 35998-36030 Sentence denotes a Salt bridge is shown as bold.
T239 36031-36145 Sentence denotes The evolution of the coronavirus from SARS-COV to nCOV-2019 has reshaped the interfacial hydrogen bonds with ACE2.
T240 36146-36214 Sentence denotes G502 in nCOV-2019 has a persistent H-bond with residue K353 on ACE2.
T241 36215-36296 Sentence denotes This residue was G488 in SARS-COV, which also makes the H-bond with K353 on ACE2.
T242 36297-36373 Sentence denotes Q493 in nCOV-2019 makes H-bond with E35 and another H-bond with K31 on ACE2.
T243 36374-36457 Sentence denotes This residue was an N479 in SARS-COV, which only makes one H-bond with K31 on ACE2.
T244 36458-36551 Sentence denotes An important mutation from SARS-COV to nCOV-2019 is residue Q498, which was Y484 in SARS-COV.
T245 36552-36662 Sentence denotes Q498 makes two H-bonds with residues D38 and K353 on ACE2, whereas Y484 in SARS-COV does not make any H-bonds.
T246 36663-36807 Sentence denotes Importantly, a salt bridge between K417 and D30 in the nCOV-2019/ACE2 complex contributes to the total binding energy by −12.34 ± 0.23 kcal/mol.
T247 36808-36918 Sentence denotes This residue is V404 in SARS-COV which is not able to make any salt-bridge and does not make H-bond with ACE2.
T248 36919-37064 Sentence denotes Gao et al.27 used a FEP approach and showed that mutation V404 to K417 lowers the binding energy of nCOV-2019 RBD to ACE2 by −2.2 ± 0.9 kcal/mol.
T249 37065-37156 Sentence denotes A salt bridge between R426 on RBD and E329 on ACE2 stabilizes the complex in SARS-COV/ACE2.
T250 37157-37250 Sentence denotes This residue is N439 in nCOV-2019 which is unable to make salt-bridge with ACE2 residue E329.
T251 37251-37422 Sentence denotes One of the most observed mutations in nCOV-2019 according to the GISAID database is N439K which recovers some of the electrostatic interactions with ACE2 at this position.
T252 37423-37497 Sentence denotes Y436 in SARS-COV and Y449 in nCOV-2019 both make H-bonds with D38 on ACE2.
T253 37498-37624 Sentence denotes The unchanged T486 in SARS-COV corresponds to T500 in nCOV-2019, both of which make consistent H-bonds with ACE2 residue D355.
T254 37625-37727 Sentence denotes Hydrophobic interactions also play an important role in stabilizing the RBD/ACE2 complex in nCOV-2019.
T255 37728-37848 Sentence denotes An important interaction between nCOV-2019 RBD and ACE2 is the π-stacking interaction between F486 (RBD) and Y83 (ACE2).
T256 37849-37951 Sentence denotes This interaction helps in stabilizing L3 in nCOV-2019 compared to SARS-COV where this residue is L472.
T257 37952-38098 Sentence denotes It was observed by Gao et al.26 that mutation L472 to F486 in nCOV-2019 results in a net change in the binding free energy of −1.2 ± 0.2 kcal/mol.
T258 38099-38238 Sentence denotes Other interfacial residues in nCOV-2019 RBD that participate in the hydrophobic interaction with ACE2 are L455, F456, Y473, A475, and Y489.
T259 38239-38328 Sentence denotes It is interesting to note that all these residues except Y489 have mutated from SARS-COV.
T260 38329-38581 Sentence denotes Spinello and co-workers30 performed long-timescale (1μs) simulation of nCOV-2019/ACE2 and SARS-COV ACE2 and found that L3 in nCOV-2019 is more stable due to presence of the β6 strand and existence of two H-bonds in L3 (H-bonds G485-C488 and Q474-G476).
T261 38582-38757 Sentence denotes Importantly, an amino acid insertion in L3 makes this loop longer than L3 in SARS-COV and enables it to act like a recognition loop and make more persistent H-bonds with ACE2.
T262 38758-38918 Sentence denotes L455 in nCOV-2019 RBD is important for hydrophobic interaction with ACE2 and mutation L455A lowers the vdw contribution of binding affinity by about 5 kcal/mol.
T263 38919-38992 Sentence denotes The H-bonds between RBD of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV are shown in Figure 9A.
T264 38993-39116 Sentence denotes The structural details discussed here are in agreement with other structural studies of the nCOV-2019 RBD/ACE2 complex.4,53
T265 39117-39256 Sentence denotes H-bond analysis was also performed for the mutant systems and the results for H-bonds with more than 40% consistency are shown in Table S3.
T266 39257-39364 Sentence denotes Few of the alanine substitutions increase the number of interfacial H-bonds between nCOV-2019 RBD and ACE2.
T267 39365-39467 Sentence denotes Interestingly, the ala-substitution at Y489A increased the number of H-bonds in the wild-type complex.
T268 39468-39644 Sentence denotes Mutation in some of the residues having consistent H-bonds in the wild type complex such as Q498A and Q493A, stunningly maintain the number of H-bonds in the wild-type complex.
T269 39645-39812 Sentence denotes This indicates that the plasticity in the network of H-bonds in RBM of nCOV-2019 can reshape the network and strengthen other H-bonds upon mutation in these locations.
T270 39813-39894 Sentence denotes However, few mutations decrease the number of H-bonds from the wild-type complex.
T271 39895-40014 Sentence denotes Alanine substitution at residue G502 has a significant effect on the network of H-bonds between nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV.
T272 40015-40106 Sentence denotes This residue locates at the end of L4 loop near two other important residues Q498 and T500.
T273 40107-40158 Sentence denotes This mutation breaks the H-bonds at these residues.
T274 40159-40259 Sentence denotes Mutation K417A decreases the number of H-bonds to only 5 where the H-bond at residue Q498 is broken.
T275 40260-40394 Sentence denotes This indicates the delicate nature of the H-bond from residue Q498 which can easily be broken upon ala-substitution at other residues.
T276 40395-40490 Sentence denotes Furthermore, mutation N487 also decreases the number of H-bonds by breaking the H-bond at Q498.
T277 40492-40502 Sentence denotes Discussion
T278 40503-40656 Sentence denotes In this work, we preformed MD simulations to unveil the detailed molecular mechanism for the receptor binding of nCOV-2019 and compared it with SARS-COV.
T279 40657-40769 Sentence denotes The role of key residues at the interface of nCOV-2019 with ACE2 was investigated by computational ala-scanning.
T280 40770-40936 Sentence denotes A rigorous 500 ns MD simulation was performed for nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and few mutants (Y449, T478I, Y489A, and S494P) as well as 300 ns MD simulation on each mutant.
T281 40937-41154 Sentence denotes These simulations aid in understanding the dynamic role of RBD/ACE2 interface residues and estimating the binding free energy of these variants, which shed light on crucial residues for the RBD/ACE2 complex stability.
T282 41155-41467 Sentence denotes Moreover, numerous mutations have been identified in the RBD of different nCOV-2019 strains from all over the world not known to be critical for infection.54 The effect of these mutations on the stability of the RBD/ACE2 complex was investigated to shed light on their role in the viral infection of coronavirus.
T283 41468-41727 Sentence denotes Changes in the RBD structure of nCOV-2019, SARS-COV, and mutants from their crystal structure were analyzed by RMSD and RMSF. nCOV-2019 showed a stable structure with a RMSD =1.5 Å, whereas SARS-COV had a larger RMSD value between 3–4 Å during the simulation.
T284 41728-41802 Sentence denotes Most mutations of nCOV-2019 maintained similar stability to the wild-type.
T285 41803-41934 Sentence denotes However, a few nCOV-2019 mutations resulted in larger deviations (>2 Å), i.e., Y489A, F456A, Y505A, N487A, K417A, Y473A, and Y449A.
T286 41935-42179 Sentence denotes We further investigated the structure of the extended loop domain (Figure 1B) and discovered that nCOV-2019 is stable with an RMSD of less than 1 Å, whereas the extended loop in SARS-COV shows an RMSD of about 3 Å during simulation (Figure S2).
T287 42180-42225 Sentence denotes Some mutants showed high RMSD in this region.
T288 42226-42305 Sentence denotes Alanine-substitution at residue N487 increased the extended loop RMSD to 2.5 Å.
T289 42306-42399 Sentence denotes Other mutations that increased the extended loop RMSD (>2 Å) include Y449A, G477A, and E484A.
T290 42400-42490 Sentence denotes The dynamic behavior of RBD was further investigated by analyzing the RMSF of all systems.
T291 42491-42566 Sentence denotes As shown in Figure 4, nCOV-2019 shows less fluctuation in L3 than SARS-COV.
T292 42567-42792 Sentence denotes This is due to the presence of a four-residue motif (GQTQ) in nCOV-2019 L3, which forces the loop to adopt a compact structure by making two H-bonds (G485-C488 and Q474-G476) and thereby reducing the fluctuations in the loop.
T293 42793-42939 Sentence denotes Residues F486 and N487 play major roles in stabilizing the recognition loop by making π-stacking and H-bond interactions with residue Y83 on ACE2.
T294 42940-42999 Sentence denotes Alanine substitution at N487 introduced a large RMSF to L1.
T295 43000-43354 Sentence denotes Mutation L472 to F486 in SARS-COV was shown to favor binding by −1.2 ± 0.2 kcal/mol using FEP.26 In addition, this mutation was shown to be among the five mutations that produce a super affinity ACE2 binder based on SARS-COV RBD.6 Alanine mutations at residues Y449, G447, and E484 increased the motion in L3 characterized by a large RMSF in this region.
T296 43355-43593 Sentence denotes Using PCA, the aFEL for nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV demonstrated that the former occupies only one low energy state whereas the latter forms two distinct low energy basins separated by a metastable state with a barrier of about 6–7.5 kcal/mol.
T297 43594-43709 Sentence denotes This confirms that the level of binding for the RBD domain is weaker in SARS-COV due to the presence of two basins.
T298 43710-43844 Sentence denotes Similarly, alanine-substitution for a few residues caused the FEL to degenerate into separate multiple low energy regions (Figure S4).
T299 43845-44023 Sentence denotes Dominant motions in the RBD are visualized in Figure S5 using the first eigenvector of the PCA. nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV did not show any strong motion in the extended loop region.
T300 44024-44193 Sentence denotes Porcupine plots of alanine-mutants demonstrated that mutant N487A shows large motion in the L1 region and Y449A, G447A, and E484A showed large motions in L3 (Figure S5).
T301 44194-44404 Sentence denotes To better characterize the functional motions of RBD, DCCM for all systems are constructed and shown in Figure 6 and Figure S6. nCOV-2019 showed a large correlation between the α4-L1- β5 and α5- L4- β5 regions.
T302 44405-44495 Sentence denotes This correlation was stronger in SARS-COV and few mutants such as Y449A, G447A, and E484A.
T303 44496-44559 Sentence denotes Another important correlation in nCOV-2019 is inside L3 and β6.
T304 44560-44691 Sentence denotes This correlation is stronger in nCOV-2019 than SARS-COV due to the presence of β6 which makes the loop to adopt correlated motions.
T305 44692-44756 Sentence denotes Few mutants impact the correlation in this region such as N487A.
T306 44757-45012 Sentence denotes Interestingly, mutant F486A which is in L3 and participates in binding by π-stacking interaction with Y83 on ACE2, disrupts the DCCM of wild-type nCOV-2019 and introduces strong correlation in the extended loop region as well as the core structure of RBD.
T307 45013-45285 Sentence denotes The details of hydrogen bond and salt-bridge pattern in nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV to ACE2 (Table 1) are key to the virus attachment to the host. nCOV-2019 residues participate in 10 H-bonds/1 salt bridge with ACE2, whereas SARS-COV only has 5 H-bonds/1 salt bridge with ACE2.
T308 45286-45403 Sentence denotes This significantly contributes to ∼30 kcal/mol difference in the total binding free energy of nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV.
T309 45404-45780 Sentence denotes The binding energies calculated here for nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV (−50.22 ± 1.93 and −18.79 ± 1.53 kcal/mol, respectively) are in good agreement with the binding energies calculated using the generalized Born method by Spinello et al.30 Moreover, the patterns of H-bonds between nCOV-2019 and ACE2 were also already characterized by other groups26,30 which agrees with our work.
T310 45781-45868 Sentence denotes An important H-bond between nCOV-2019 and ACE2 is between G502 on RBD and K353 of ACE2.
T311 45869-45948 Sentence denotes G502 is in the L4 region, which is populated by 5 H-bonds between RBD and ACE2.
T312 45949-46239 Sentence denotes The contribution of this residue to the total binding energy is −2.03 ± 0.04 kcal/mol and the Ala-substitution at G502 has the highest effect on the binding energy among all the residues by lowering the total binding affinity to 24.31 ± 2.98 kcal/mol, which is the lowest among all mutants.
T313 46240-46329 Sentence denotes This mutation breaks the other H-bonds in L4 such as H-bonds from residues Q498 and T500.
T314 46330-46453 Sentence denotes This residue is preserved and corresponds to residue G488 in SARS-COV, which also makes a H-bond with residue K353 on ACE2.
T315 46454-46565 Sentence denotes Residue Q493 in nCOV-2019 participates in binding ACE2 by making two H-bonds with residues E35 and K31 on ACE2.
T316 46566-46667 Sentence denotes Q493 corresponds to residue N479 in SARS-COV, which only makes one H-bond with residue Lys31 on ACE2.
T317 46668-46754 Sentence denotes This caused Q493 to have more contribution to total binding than its counterpart N479.
T318 46755-46969 Sentence denotes However, alanine substitution at Q493 did not affect the total binding energy and this mutant had a total binding energy similar to the wild-type complex as it maintains the number H-bonds in the wild-type complex.
T319 46970-47087 Sentence denotes Residues Q498 and T500 in nCOV-2019 are crucial for binding by making H-bonds with ACE2 residues D38, D355, and K353.
T320 47088-47201 Sentence denotes Residue Q498 corresponds to residue Y484 in SARS-COV which does not make any H-bond in the SARS-COV/ACE2 complex.
T321 47202-47335 Sentence denotes Q498 contributes to binding by −6.72 ± 0.18 kcal/mol which is more than the contribution of Y484 in SARS-COV (−1.83 ± 0.06 kcal/mol).
T322 47336-47415 Sentence denotes Ala-substitution at Q498 did not show large impact on the total binding energy.
T323 47416-47520 Sentence denotes Residue T500 is conserved and corresponds to residue T486 which also makes a H-bond with Asp355 on ACE2.
T324 47521-47598 Sentence denotes Mutation of T500 to Alanine lowers the binding affinity by about 10 kcal/mol.
T325 47599-47736 Sentence denotes Residue N487 in nCOV-2019 locates in L3 and plays a crucial role in stabilizing the recognition loop by making a H-bond with Y83 on ACE2.
T326 47737-47952 Sentence denotes This residue contributes to the total binding energy of nCOV-2019 by −1.52 ± 0.06 kcal/mol, whereas its corresponding residue in SARS-COV does not show any contribution to the binding energy (−0.02 ± 0.05 kcal/mol).
T327 47953-48093 Sentence denotes This demonstrates that L3 in SARS-COV has evolved to be an important recognition loop in nCOV-2019, which participates in binding with ACE2.
T328 48094-48247 Sentence denotes Residue K417 in nCOV-2019 has the most contribution to the total binding energy (−12.34 ± 0.23 kcal/mol by making a salt-bridge with residue D30 on ACE2.
T329 48248-48387 Sentence denotes This residue is crucial for the binding of RBD and ACE2 and alanine substitution lowers the total binding energy to −29.56 ± 2.95 kcal/mol.
T330 48388-48582 Sentence denotes This salt-bridge is found to be important for the stability of the crystal structure of the RBD/ACE2 complex in nCOV-2019.4 K417 is Val404 in SARS-COV which does not participate in binding ACE2.
T331 48583-48684 Sentence denotes Another important residue in nCOV-2019 is L455 which contributes to binding by −1.86 ± 0.03 kcal/mol.
T332 48685-48831 Sentence denotes This residue is important for hydrophobic interaction with ACE2 and mutating it to alanine lowers the total binding affinity by about 17 kcal/mol.
T333 48832-48982 Sentence denotes The hydrophobic residue F456 in nCOV-2019 also has a favorable contribution to the binding energy and F456A lowers the binding affinity by 5 kcal/mol.
T334 48983-49346 Sentence denotes These results are in fair agreement with experimental binding measurements with deep mutational scanning of RBD in nCOV-2019 where they used flow cytometry for different ACE2 concentrations to measure the dissociation constant KD.25 It was shown that mutations at K417, N487, T500, and G502 are detrimental for binding to ACE2, which agrees with the results here.
T335 49347-49618 Sentence denotes These experiments showed that mutations at Q493 and Q498 do not impact the binding affinity of RBD to ACE2 which demonstrates the high plasticity of the network of H-bonds at the interface where upon mutation at these residues the network can reshape to form new H-bonds.
T336 49619-49729 Sentence denotes Mutations at hydrophobic residues L455 and F456 are shown to reduce the binding affinity in these experiments.
T337 49730-49936 Sentence denotes The total binding energy calculation of all the variants showed that mutation Y489A has the highest binding affinity among all systems which is about 11 kcal/mol stronger than that of the nCOV-2019 complex.
T338 49937-50035 Sentence denotes This residue is located in β6, which is part of the recognition region of RBD for binding to ACE2.
T339 50036-50210 Sentence denotes Removal of this bulky hydrophobic residue at the interface with ACE2 caused the extended loop to move closer to the ACE2 interface and make more H-bonds with ACE2 (Table S3).
T340 50211-50338 Sentence denotes A high electrostatic interaction energy is the reason for the higher binding energy of mutant Y489A than the wild-type complex.
T341 50339-50530 Sentence denotes It is interesting to note that among the five residues L455, F456, Y473, A475, and Y489 that make hydrophobic interactions with ACE2, Y489 is the only residue that is conserved from SARS-COV.
T342 50531-50692 Sentence denotes However, the experimental binding affinity measurements using deep mutational scanning showed that mutations at this position lower the binding affinity to ACE2.
T343 50693-50774 Sentence denotes Other alanine substitutions that increase the binding energy are G446A and G447A.
T344 50775-50909 Sentence denotes Residues G446 and G447 reside in L1 and mutation to alanine can make L1 take a more rigid form as shown in the RMSF plot in Figure S3.
T345 50910-51243 Sentence denotes However, experiment showed that these mutations have similar or lower binding affinities to ACE2 than the wild-type RBD and care must be taken when interpreting these results.25 This discrepancy could be due to force-field inaccuracy and the deficiencies in the PBSA method for the treatment of solvent in binding energy calculation.
T346 51244-51353 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to investigate whether these mutations will increase the binding affinity to ACE2.
T347 51354-51701 Sentence denotes Deep mutational scanning using flow cytometry is a qualitative method to measure the impact of a large number of mutations of protein–protein interactions and further experiments such as SPR or isothermal titration calorimetry which are conventional methods for measuring binding affinities needed to study the effect of these mutations in detail.
T348 51702-51816 Sentence denotes Important mutations found in naturally occurring nCOV-2019 appear to influence to some extent the binding to ACE2.
T349 51817-51978 Sentence denotes Mutation T478I which is one of the most frequent mutations according to GISAID database, increases the binding affinity of nCOV-2019 to ACE2 by about 6 kcal/mol.
T350 51979-52160 Sentence denotes Mutation N439K has the highest occurrence among all strains of coronavirus in the GISAID database which demonstrated the highest electrostatic interaction among all studied systems.
T351 52161-52263 Sentence denotes This residue corresponds to R426 in SARS-COV which exerts a salt-bridge interaction with E329 on ACE2.
T352 52264-52390 Sentence denotes Mutation N439K recovers some of this ACE2 interaction; however, it exerts a binding affinity similar to that of wild-type RBD.
T353 52391-52533 Sentence denotes Contribution of important interface residues to binding affinity was compared for mutations T478I, N439K, and wild-type nCOV-2019 (Figure S7).
T354 52534-52715 Sentence denotes The most striking differences between wild-type RBD and mutation T478I are residues Y449 and Q498 which have significantly higher contribution to binding than the wild type residue.
T355 52716-52802 Sentence denotes Most other residues at the interface have similar binding affinities to the nCOV-2019.
T356 52803-52989 Sentence denotes A higher H-bond persistence is also seen for these two residues Y449 and Q498 compared to the wild type RBD which is the reason for their higher contribution to the total binding energy.
T357 52990-53074 Sentence denotes Mutation N439K has a slightly lower binding affinity to ACE2 than the wild type RBD.
T358 53075-53342 Sentence denotes Per residue binding energy decomposition showed that K439 in this system has a favorable contribution of −1.80 ± 0.15 kcal/mol to the total binding energy which is balanced by a lower contribution of K417 which resulted in a binding affinity similar to wild-type RBD.
T359 53343-53483 Sentence denotes Mutant E484A, which is also one of the observed mutations based on GISAID database, demonstrates a high electrostatic interaction with ACE2.
T360 53484-53656 Sentence denotes E484 contributes to binding by 3.56 ± 0.15 kcal/mol whereas the corresponding residue in SARS-COV, P469 contributes to binding of SARS-COV to ACE2 by −0.27 ± 0.01 kcal/mol.
T361 53657-53744 Sentence denotes This residue is close to D30 on ACE2 and has electrostatic repulsion with this residue.
T362 53745-54088 Sentence denotes Most natural mutants including N439K, A475V, G476S, V483A, V483F, E484A, and S494P showed similar or slightly lower binding affinities to ACE2 compared to wild-type complex which agrees with experimental binding measurements.25 However, the experimental binding affinity for T478I also showed similar binding affinity to the wild-type complex.
T363 54089-54287 Sentence denotes This difference could be due to the use of MMPBSA approach for calculation of polar solvation and further studies are needed to study the effect of this mutation on viral infectivity of coronavirus.
T364 54288-54378 Sentence denotes Additional sequence differences between nCOV-2019 and SARS-COV influence RBD/ACE2 binding.
T365 54379-54579 Sentence denotes Residue D480 in SARS-COV contributes negatively to total binding energy (6.25 ± 0.14 kcal/mol) and mutating this residue to S494 in nCOV-2019 lowers this negative contribution to 1.17 ± 0.06 kcal/mol.
T366 54580-54684 Sentence denotes D480 in SARS-COV is located in a region of high negative charge from residues E35, E37, and D38 on ACE2.
T367 54685-54860 Sentence denotes Electrostatic repulsion between D480 on SARS-COV and the acidic residues on ACE2 is the reason for highly negative contribution of this residue to binding of SARS-COV to ACE2.
T368 54861-54937 Sentence denotes Mutation to S494 in this location removes this highly negative contribution.
T369 54938-55100 Sentence denotes Gao and co-workers26 computed the relative free energies of binding because of mutations from the RBD-ACE2 of SARS-COV to the corresponding residues in nCOV-2019.
T370 55101-55259 Sentence denotes They used a FEP approach and showed that mutation D480S in SARS-COV changed the binding free energy by −1.9 ± 0.8 kcal/mol which is consistent with our study.
T371 55260-55481 Sentence denotes Furthermore, we performed an additional simulation on D480A mutant in SARS-COV and found that this mutation has a binding affinity of 23.46 ± 3.07 kcal/mol which is about 5 kcal/mol higher than the wild-type SARS-COV RBD.
T372 55482-55667 Sentence denotes In addition, experimental binding affinity measurements showed that mutations of S494 to an acidic residue highly reduce the binding affinity to ACE2 which confirms the hypothesis here.
T373 55668-55794 Sentence denotes To our knowledge this is first detailed molecular simulation study on the effect of mutations on binding of nCOV-2019 to ACE2.
T374 55795-56368 Sentence denotes Previous computational studies have found that nCOV-2019 binds to ACE2 with a total binding affinity which was about 30 kcal/mol stronger than SARS-COV and is in fair agreement with the results here.56 The critical role of interface residues is computationally investigated here and in other articles and the results of all the studies indicate the importance of these residues for the stability of the complex and finding hotspot residues for the interaction with receptor ACE2.26,30,55,56 It is interesting to note the role of L3 in the stability of the RBD/ACE2 complex.
T375 56369-56499 Sentence denotes The amino acid insertions in L3 for nCOV-2019 have converted an unessential part of RBD in SARS to a functional domain of the RBD.
T376 56500-56655 Sentence denotes This loop participates in binding ACE2 by making H-bond as well as π-stacking interactions with ACE2, which makes this region to act as a recognition loop.
T377 56656-56955 Sentence denotes Previous studies on SARS-COV have shown that there is a correlation between the higher binding affinity to the receptor and higher infection rate by coronavirus.6,13,57 The higher binding affinity of nCOV-2019 for ACE2 than SARS-COV to ACE2 is suggested to be the reason for its high infection rate.
T378 56956-57132 Sentence denotes Most natural mutations showed similar binding affinities to wild-type ACE2 which indicates that the virus was already effective at the beginning of the crisis for binding ACE2.
T379 57133-57224 Sentence denotes A few mutations such as N489A and T478I are shown to increase the binding affinity to ACE2.
T380 57225-57313 Sentence denotes However, more studies are needed to investigate the effect of these mutations in detail.
T381 57314-57504 Sentence denotes Mutations of nCOV-2019 RBD that do not change the binding affinity and complex stability could have implications for antibody design purposes since they could act as antibody escape mutants.
T382 57505-57691 Sentence denotes Escape from monoclonal antibodies is observed for mutations of SARS-COV in 2002 and these mutations should be considered for any antibody design endeavors against these escape mutations.
T383 57693-57704 Sentence denotes Conclusions
T384 57705-57964 Sentence denotes In conclusion, this study unraveled key molecular traits underlying the higher affinity of nCOV-2019 for ACE2 compared to SARS-COV and unveiled critical residues for the interaction by in silico alanine scanning mutations and binding free energy calculations.
T385 57965-58108 Sentence denotes The higher affinity of nCOV-2019 to binding with ACE2 correlates with higher human-to-human transmissibility of nCOV-2019 compared to SARS-COV.
T386 58109-58352 Sentence denotes Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the interface residues of nCOV-2019 RBM has shed light on the crucial interface residues and helped obtain an atomic-level understanding of the interaction between coronavirus and the receptor ACE2 on the host cell.
T387 58353-58555 Sentence denotes MD simulations on RBD mutations found in strains of nCOV-2019 from different countries aid in the understanding of how these mutations can play an important role in viral infection with ACE2 attachment.
T388 58556-58746 Sentence denotes In addition to previously reported residues, it was found that residue F486 locating in L3 plays a crucial role in the dynamic stability of the complex by a π-stacking interaction with ACE2.
T389 58747-58868 Sentence denotes Per-residue free energy decomposition pinpoints the critical role of residues K417, Y505, Q498, and Q493 in binding ACE2.
T390 58869-59067 Sentence denotes Alanine scanning of interface residues in nCOV-2019 RBD showed that alanine substitution at some residues such as G502, K417, and L455 can significantly decrease the binding affinity of the complex.
T391 59068-59233 Sentence denotes Moreover, mutation T478I, which is one of the most probable mutations in RBD of nCOV-2019 is found to bind ACE2 with about 7 kcal/mol higher affinity than wild-type.
T392 59234-59458 Sentence denotes It is also alerting that some of the alanine substitutions at residues G446, G447, and Y489 substantially increased the binding affinity that may lead to a strong RBD attachment to ACE2 and influence the infection virulence.
T393 59459-59580 Sentence denotes However, details of interaction between these mutants and ACE2 should be carefully studied using experimental techniques.
T394 59581-59805 Sentence denotes On the other hand, most mutations are found not to impact the binding affinity of RBD with ACE2 in nCOV-2019 which could have implications for vaccine design endeavors as these mutations could act as antibody escape mutants.
T395 59806-60047 Sentence denotes Receptor recognition is the first line of attack for coronavirus and this study gives novel insights into key structural features of interface residues for the advancement of effective therapeutic strategies to stop the coronavirus pandemic.
T396 60049-60081 Sentence denotes Supporting Information Available
T397 60082-60553 Sentence denotes The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05994.Location of residues picked for mutation; binding free energies of mutants; details of H-bonds for all mutations; RMSD of mutants; loop RMSD of all systems; RMSF plots for all mutants; FELs using first two principal components; porcupine plots for structural fluctuations; DCCM plots for mutants; and binding energy decomposition for T478I and N439K mutants (PDF)
T398 60555-60577 Sentence denotes Supplementary Material
T399 60578-60598 Sentence denotes jp0c05994_si_001.pdf
T400 60600-60652 Sentence denotes The authors declare no competing financial interest.
T401 60654-60669 Sentence denotes Acknowledgments
T402 60670-60829 Sentence denotes This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
T403 60830-60963 Sentence denotes The authors acknowledge the Biowulf high performance Linux cluster at the NIH for providing computational resources for this project.
T404 60964-61162 Sentence denotes The authors would like to dedicate this article to the doctors and nurses who sacrificed their time, health, and even their lives to fight COVID-19, particularly those in Iran and the United States.
T405 61163-61310 Sentence denotes J.B.K. would also like to dedicate this work to family friend Joe Kaplan (Silver Spring, MD) who passed away because of COVID-19 on April 22, 2020.

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 42-59 Species denotes Novel Coronavirus Tax:2697049
21 595-599 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
22 715-719 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
23 1126-1130 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
24 1274-1278 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
25 1674-1678 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
26 374-379 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
27 144-161 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
28 163-167 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
29 391-395 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
30 443-454 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
31 664-668 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
32 755-800 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Tax:694009
33 802-810 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
34 925-929 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
35 957-963 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
36 1296-1300 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
37 1867-1875 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
38 1075-1078 Chemical denotes Ala MESH:D000409
39 265-271 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
46 1958-1975 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
47 1977-1981 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
48 2069-2074 Species denotes human Tax:9606
49 2247-2258 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
50 2288-2293 Species denotes human Tax:9606
51 2229-2235 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
64 2443-2456 Species denotes Coronaviruses Tax:11118
65 2537-2548 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
66 2571-2575 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
67 2596-2612 Species denotes beta-coronavirus Tax:694002
68 2641-2696 Species denotes Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV) Tax:1335626
69 2698-2743 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Tax:694009
70 2745-2753 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
71 2764-2790 Species denotes SARS-related coronaviruses Tax:694009
72 2823-2831 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
73 2915-2923 Species denotes MERS-COV Tax:1335626
74 2904-2910 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
75 3014-3020 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
103 3291-3296 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
104 3500-3505 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
105 3791-3796 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
106 3924-3929 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
107 4352-4357 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
108 4421-4425 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
109 4487-4491 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
110 4625-4629 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
111 3885-3890 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
112 3071-3084 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
113 3154-3165 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
114 3279-3290 Species denotes Coronavirus Tax:11118
115 3517-3521 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
116 3692-3696 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
117 3724-3746 Species denotes bat coronavirus RaTG13 Tax:2709072
118 3838-3842 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
119 3852-3860 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
120 4044-4048 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
121 4088-4096 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
122 4342-4346 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
123 4385-4390 Species denotes human Tax:9606
124 4467-4475 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
125 4542-4546 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
126 4556-4564 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
127 4611-4615 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
128 4656-4660 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
129 4688-4693 Species denotes human Tax:9606
146 4741-4746 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
147 5137-5141 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
148 5337-5341 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
149 5467-5471 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
150 5650-5652 Gene denotes α5 Gene:28884
151 5629-5631 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
152 5622-5624 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
153 4783-4796 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
154 4950-4954 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
155 4977-4981 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
156 5109-5113 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
157 5123-5131 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
158 5346-5350 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
159 5497-5501 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
160 5568-5572 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
161 5677-5681 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
165 5805-5813 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
166 5827-5831 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
167 5891-5895 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
205 6428-6432 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
206 6594-6598 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
207 6732-6736 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
208 6954-6958 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
209 7085-7089 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
210 7218-7222 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
211 7377-7381 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
212 7480-7484 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
213 7634-7638 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
214 7764-7768 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
215 7893-7897 Gene denotes DPP4 Gene:1803
216 6517-6520 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
217 7461-7466 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
218 5972-5980 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
219 5984-5989 Species denotes human Tax:9606
220 6014-6025 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
221 6031-6035 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
222 6128-6132 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
223 6142-6150 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
224 6824-6829 Species denotes human Tax:9606
225 6834-6839 Species denotes human Tax:9606
226 6843-6848 Species denotes human Tax:9606
227 6865-6881 Species denotes SARS coronavirus Tax:694009
228 6937-6945 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
229 7004-7010 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
230 7206-7214 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
231 7362-7367 Species denotes human Tax:9606
232 7621-7629 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
233 7840-7848 Species denotes MERS-COV Tax:1335626
234 7902-7907 Species denotes human Tax:9606
235 8035-8043 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
236 8113-8121 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
237 6581-6585 Chemical denotes K353
238 7661-7664 Chemical denotes ala MESH:D000409
239 7786-7793 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
240 7402-7417 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
241 7556-7565 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
245 8323-8327 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
246 8362-8366 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
247 8540-8544 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
252 8703-8708 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
253 8575-8579 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
254 8770-8774 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
255 8944-8948 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
265 9732-9736 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
266 9859-9863 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
267 9966-9970 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
268 10068-10072 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
269 10165-10169 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
270 9484-9495 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
271 9577-9581 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
272 9984-9988 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
273 10086-10090 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
296 10309-10313 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
297 10413-10417 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
298 10664-10668 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
299 10927-10931 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
300 11044-11048 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
301 11144-11148 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
302 10290-10294 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
303 10378-10382 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
304 10397-10405 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
305 10555-10563 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
306 10568-10572 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
307 10634-10638 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
308 10648-10656 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
309 10752-10760 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
310 10873-10881 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
311 10885-10889 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
312 11016-11024 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
313 11029-11033 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
314 11262-11266 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
315 11718-11723 Species denotes human Tax:9606
316 10446-10451 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
317 11219-11226 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
333 12020-12025 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
334 12346-12350 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
335 12448-12452 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
336 12677-12681 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
337 11841-11846 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
338 11785-11789 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
339 11908-11930 Species denotes Bat coronavirus RaTG13 Tax:2709072
340 11967-11971 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
341 12192-12196 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
342 12331-12335 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
343 12407-12411 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
344 12829-12833 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
345 12532-12539 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
346 12175-12185 CellLine denotes MN996532.1 CVCL:U508
347 12221-12231 CellLine denotes MN908947.1 CVCL:U508
377 13073-13078 Gene denotes hACE2 Gene:59272
378 13138-13142 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
379 13309-13313 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
380 13738-13742 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
381 13935-13939 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
382 14096-14100 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
383 13522-13529 Gene denotes GROMACS Gene:4082
384 13043-13047 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
385 13110-13118 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
386 13132-13137 Species denotes human Tax:9606
387 13220-13224 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
388 13267-13275 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
389 13425-13429 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
390 13436-13444 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
391 13482-13486 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
392 14154-14158 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
393 13457-13464 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
394 13541-13546 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
395 13750-13754 Chemical denotes PBSA MESH:C437084
396 14127-14130 Chemical denotes Cys MESH:D003545
397 14201-14210 Chemical denotes disulfide MESH:D004220
398 14218-14224 Chemical denotes Cys336
399 14225-14231 Chemical denotes Cys361
400 14233-14239 Chemical denotes Cys379
401 14240-14246 Chemical denotes Cys432
402 14248-14254 Chemical denotes Cys391
403 14255-14261 Chemical denotes Cys525
404 14267-14273 Chemical denotes Cys480
405 14274-14280 Chemical denotes Cys488
407 14453-14461 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
411 16201-16208 Gene denotes GROMACS Gene:4082
412 16034-16042 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
413 16047-16051 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
420 16545-16553 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
421 16555-16559 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
422 16923-16931 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
423 16933-16937 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
424 17526-17535 Disease denotes visual MD MESH:D009436
425 17537-17540 Disease denotes VMD
427 17946-17953 Gene denotes GROMACS Gene:4082
434 18309-18317 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
435 18322-18326 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
436 18146-18150 Chemical denotes DCCM
437 18437-18445 Chemical denotes Hydrogen MESH:D006859
438 18218-18235 Disease denotes backbone Cα atoms
439 18469-18472 Disease denotes VMD
443 18784-18788 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
444 18816-18824 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
445 18829-18833 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
452 20287-20295 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
453 20297-20301 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
454 20369-20373 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
455 20394-20402 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
456 20458-20462 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
457 20533-20541 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
461 20759-20763 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
462 20773-20781 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
463 20792-20796 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
466 20836-20840 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
467 20880-20884 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
473 21792-21796 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
474 21753-21755 Gene denotes α5 Gene:28884
475 21747-21749 Gene denotes α4 Gene:28898
476 21901-21905 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
477 22009-22017 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
487 22740-22744 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
488 22751-22759 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
489 22809-22813 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
490 22855-22863 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
491 22871-22875 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
492 22975-22983 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
493 23019-23023 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
494 23033-23041 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
495 23128-23136 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
500 23546-23550 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
501 23560-23568 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
502 23737-23745 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
503 23815-23819 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
523 25155-25159 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
524 23915-23919 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
525 23926-23934 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
526 24084-24092 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
527 24094-24098 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
528 24163-24167 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
529 24265-24269 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
530 24287-24295 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
531 24653-24657 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
532 24667-24675 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
533 24752-24760 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
534 25059-25067 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
535 25086-25090 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
536 25241-25245 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
537 25280-25283 Species denotes COV Tax:11118
538 25331-25339 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
539 25132-25136 Chemical denotes N487
540 25204-25208 Chemical denotes F486
541 25213-25216 Chemical denotes Y83
544 25747-25755 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
545 25770-25774 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
549 26544-26548 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
550 25990-25994 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
551 26244-26252 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
576 27081-27085 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
577 28307-28311 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
578 26701-26705 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
579 26712-26720 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
580 26824-26828 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
581 27157-27161 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
582 27283-27287 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
583 27310-27318 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
584 27368-27372 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
585 27390-27398 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
586 27458-27462 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
587 27485-27493 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
588 27769-27773 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
589 27930-27934 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
590 28055-28059 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
591 26959-26961 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
592 26903-26905 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
593 27838-27840 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
594 27355-27357 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
595 27247-27249 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
596 26892-26894 Gene denotes α5 Gene:28884
597 26948-26950 Gene denotes α4 Gene:28898
598 28171-28175 Chemical denotes F486
599 28299-28303 Chemical denotes Y83A
607 28537-28539 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
608 28483-28485 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
609 28471-28473 Gene denotes α4 Gene:28898
610 28456-28458 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
611 28444-28446 Gene denotes α5 Gene:28884
612 28332-28336 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
613 28343-28351 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
633 28603-28607 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
634 28913-28917 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
635 29871-29875 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
636 28623-28631 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
637 28633-28637 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
638 28936-28940 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
639 29008-29016 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
640 29174-29178 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
641 29188-29196 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
642 29268-29272 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
643 29310-29318 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
644 29446-29450 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
645 29487-29495 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
646 29497-29501 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
647 29591-29599 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
648 29675-29683 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
649 29734-29738 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
650 29836-29840 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
651 29855-29863 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
685 30781-30785 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
686 31577-31581 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
687 32188-32192 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
688 29907-29911 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
689 29921-29929 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
690 30098-30102 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
691 30113-30121 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
692 30169-30173 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
693 30244-30252 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
694 30299-30303 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
695 30645-30653 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
696 30760-30764 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
697 30867-30875 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
698 31068-31076 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
699 31142-31150 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
700 31248-31252 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
701 31402-31410 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
702 31561-31569 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
703 31675-31683 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
704 31874-31882 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
705 31891-31899 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
706 32032-32036 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
707 32132-32136 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
708 32147-32155 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
709 32170-32174 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
710 30428-30432 Chemical denotes E484
711 30437-30441 Chemical denotes S494
712 30528-30532 Chemical denotes K417
713 30795-30799 Chemical denotes Q498
714 30881-30885 Chemical denotes Y484
715 31134-31138 Chemical denotes D480
716 31909-31913 Chemical denotes R426
717 32045-32049 Chemical denotes N439
720 32308-32312 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
721 32322-32330 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
724 32371-32379 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
725 32381-32385 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
733 34039-34043 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
734 33223-33227 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
735 33522-33526 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
736 33608-33612 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
737 34048-34052 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
738 33146-33153 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
739 33539-33546 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
745 34289-34293 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
746 34329-34332 Gene denotes AC2 Gene:108
747 34154-34158 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
748 34168-34176 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
749 34252-34256 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
752 34563-34567 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
753 35116-35120 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
755 35128-35136 Chemical denotes Hydrogen MESH:D006859
764 35283-35287 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
765 35394-35398 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
766 35457-35461 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
767 35249-35253 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
768 35266-35274 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
769 35344-35348 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
770 35408-35416 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
771 35199-35207 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
778 35614-35618 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
779 35643-35647 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
780 35981-35984 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
781 35823-35826 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
782 35603-35607 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
783 35633-35641 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
788 35550-35554 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
789 35572-35576 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
790 35536-35540 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
791 35559-35567 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
850 36140-36144 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
851 36209-36213 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
852 36291-36295 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
853 36368-36372 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
854 36452-36456 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
855 36605-36609 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
856 36728-36732 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
857 36913-36917 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
858 37036-37040 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
859 37111-37115 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
860 37151-37155 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
861 37232-37236 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
862 37400-37404 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
863 37492-37496 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
864 37606-37610 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
865 36445-36448 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
866 36361-36364 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
867 36052-36063 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
868 36069-36077 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
869 36081-36085 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
870 36154-36158 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
871 36240-36248 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
872 36305-36309 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
873 36402-36410 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
874 36485-36493 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
875 36497-36501 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
876 36542-36550 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
877 36627-36635 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
878 36718-36722 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
879 36832-36840 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
880 37019-37023 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
881 37142-37150 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
882 37181-37185 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
883 37289-37293 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
884 37431-37439 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
885 37452-37456 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
886 37520-37528 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
887 37552-37556 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
888 36120-36128 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
889 36146-36150 Chemical denotes G502
890 36201-36205 Chemical denotes K353
891 36232-36236 Chemical denotes G488
892 36283-36287 Chemical denotes K353
893 36394-36398 Chemical denotes N479
894 36518-36522 Chemical denotes Q498
895 36534-36538 Chemical denotes Y484
896 36552-36556 Chemical denotes Q498
897 36619-36623 Chemical denotes Y484
898 36698-36702 Chemical denotes K417
899 36824-36828 Chemical denotes V404
900 36985-36989 Chemical denotes K417
901 37087-37091 Chemical denotes R426
902 37103-37107 Chemical denotes E329
903 37173-37177 Chemical denotes N439
904 37245-37249 Chemical denotes E329
905 37423-37427 Chemical denotes Y436
906 37444-37448 Chemical denotes Y449
907 37619-37623 Chemical denotes D355
936 37701-37705 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
937 37779-37783 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
938 37842-37846 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
939 38196-38200 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
940 38410-38414 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
941 38428-38432 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
942 38752-38756 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
943 38826-38830 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
944 39099-39103 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
945 38502-38504 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
946 37717-37721 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
947 37761-37765 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
948 37893-37897 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
949 37915-37923 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
950 38014-38018 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
951 38129-38133 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
952 38319-38327 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
953 38400-38404 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
954 38419-38427 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
955 38454-38458 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
956 38659-38667 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
957 38766-38770 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
958 38946-38950 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
959 38960-38968 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
960 39085-39089 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
961 37822-37826 Chemical denotes F486
962 37837-37840 Chemical denotes Y83
963 38296-38300 Chemical denotes Y489
976 39359-39363 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
977 39341-39345 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
978 39716-39720 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
979 39991-39995 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
980 40005-40013 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
981 39268-39275 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
982 39384-39387 Chemical denotes ala MESH:D000409
983 39895-39902 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
984 39927-39931 Chemical denotes G502
985 40244-40248 Chemical denotes Q498
986 40322-40326 Chemical denotes Q498
987 40359-40362 Chemical denotes ala MESH:D000409
1002 40717-40721 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1003 41000-41004 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1004 41131-41135 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1005 41371-41375 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1006 40616-40620 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1007 40647-40655 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1008 40702-40706 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1009 40820-40824 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1010 40831-40839 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1011 41229-41233 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1012 41455-41466 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1013 40756-40759 Chemical denotes ala MESH:D000409
1014 41300-41309 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1015 41436-41451 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
1038 42934-42938 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1039 43195-43199 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1040 41500-41504 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1041 41511-41519 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1042 41594-41598 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1043 41658-41666 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1044 41746-41750 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1045 41818-41822 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1046 42033-42037 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1047 42113-42121 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1048 42513-42517 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1049 42557-42565 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1050 42629-42633 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1051 43025-43033 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1052 43216-43224 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1053 42226-42233 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
1054 42258-42262 Chemical denotes N487
1055 42802-42806 Chemical denotes F486
1056 42811-42815 Chemical denotes N487
1057 42927-42930 Chemical denotes Y83
1058 42940-42947 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
1059 43231-43238 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
1067 43379-43383 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1068 43393-43401 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1069 43666-43674 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1070 43941-43945 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1071 43955-43963 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1072 43721-43728 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1073 44043-44050 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1088 44556-44558 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
1089 44866-44870 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1090 44639-44641 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
1091 44393-44395 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
1092 44385-44387 Gene denotes α5 Gene:28884
1093 44378-44380 Gene denotes β5 Gene:28884
1094 44371-44373 Gene denotes α4 Gene:28898
1095 44322-44326 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1096 44438-44446 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1097 44529-44533 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1098 44592-44596 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1099 44607-44615 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1100 44903-44907 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1101 44248-44252 Chemical denotes DCCM
1187 45095-45099 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1188 45219-45223 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1189 45280-45284 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1190 45695-45699 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1191 45823-45827 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1192 45863-45867 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1193 45943-45947 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1194 46448-46452 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1195 46504-46508 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1196 46560-46564 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1197 46662-46666 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1198 47053-47057 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1199 47188-47192 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1200 47515-47519 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1201 47731-47735 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1202 48088-48092 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1203 48242-48246 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1204 48299-48303 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1205 48484-48488 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1206 48577-48581 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1207 48744-48748 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1208 49153-49157 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1209 49305-49309 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1210 49449-49453 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1211 46553-46556 Gene denotes K31 Gene:3881
1212 45069-45073 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1213 45083-45091 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1214 45155-45159 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1215 45233-45241 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1216 45380-45384 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1217 45394-45402 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1218 45445-45449 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1219 45459-45467 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1220 45681-45685 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1221 45809-45813 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1222 46391-46399 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1223 46470-46474 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1224 46602-46610 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1225 46996-47000 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1226 47132-47140 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1227 47179-47187 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1228 47302-47310 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1229 47615-47619 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1230 47793-47797 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1231 47866-47874 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1232 47982-47990 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1233 48042-48046 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1234 48110-48114 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1235 48500-48504 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1236 48530-48538 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1237 48612-48616 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1238 48864-48868 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1239 49098-49102 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1240 45028-45036 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
1241 45839-45843 Chemical denotes G502
1242 45855-45859 Chemical denotes K353
1243 45869-45873 Chemical denotes G502
1244 46043-46046 Chemical denotes Ala MESH:D000409
1245 46383-46387 Chemical denotes G488
1246 46440-46444 Chemical denotes K353
1247 46462-46466 Chemical denotes Q493
1248 46594-46598 Chemical denotes N479
1249 46653-46658 Chemical denotes Lys31
1250 46749-46753 Chemical denotes N479
1251 46764-46771 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1252 47096-47100 Chemical denotes Q498
1253 47124-47128 Chemical denotes Y484
1254 47202-47206 Chemical denotes Q498
1255 47294-47298 Chemical denotes Y484
1256 47336-47339 Chemical denotes Ala MESH:D000409
1257 47424-47428 Chemical denotes T500
1258 47469-47473 Chemical denotes T486
1259 47505-47511 Chemical denotes Asp355
1260 47541-47548 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
1261 47607-47611 Chemical denotes N487
1262 47724-47727 Chemical denotes Y83
1263 48102-48106 Chemical denotes K417
1264 48235-48238 Chemical denotes D30 MESH:C005496
1265 48308-48315 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1266 48512-48516 Chemical denotes K417
1267 48520-48526 Chemical denotes Val404
1268 48625-48629 Chemical denotes L455
1269 48768-48775 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1270 48856-48860 Chemical denotes F456
1271 48934-48939 Chemical denotes F456A
1292 50030-50034 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1293 50100-50104 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1294 50152-50156 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1295 50194-50198 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1296 50467-50471 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1297 50687-50691 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1298 51002-51006 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1299 51348-51352 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1300 49964-49966 Gene denotes β6 Gene:28873
1301 49918-49922 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1302 50521-50529 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1303 50394-50398 Chemical denotes L455
1304 50400-50404 Chemical denotes F456
1305 50406-50410 Chemical denotes Y473
1306 50412-50416 Chemical denotes A475
1307 50422-50426 Chemical denotes Y489
1308 50473-50477 Chemical denotes Y489
1309 50699-50706 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1310 50827-50834 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1311 51172-51176 Chemical denotes PBSA MESH:C437084
1335 51811-51815 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1336 51953-51957 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1337 52258-52262 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1338 52301-52305 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1339 53046-53050 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1340 53478-53482 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1341 53626-53630 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1342 53689-53693 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1343 53883-53887 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1344 51751-51755 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1345 51940-51944 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1346 52042-52053 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1347 52197-52205 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1348 52511-52515 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1349 52792-52796 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1350 53573-53581 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1351 53614-53622 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1352 54275-54286 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1353 52189-52193 Chemical denotes R426
1354 52250-52254 Chemical denotes E329
1355 53128-53132 Chemical denotes K439
1356 53275-53279 Chemical denotes K417
1357 53484-53488 Chemical denotes E484
1376 54365-54369 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1377 54679-54683 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1378 54761-54765 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1379 54855-54859 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1380 55040-55044 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1381 55627-55631 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1382 54328-54332 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1383 54342-54350 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1384 54395-54403 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1385 54511-54515 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1386 54588-54596 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1387 54725-54733 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1388 54843-54851 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1389 55048-55056 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1390 55090-55094 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1391 55160-55168 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1392 55330-55338 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1393 55468-55476 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1417 55789-55793 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1418 55861-55865 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1419 56269-56273 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1420 56355-56359 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1421 56534-56538 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1422 56596-56600 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1423 56870-56874 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1424 56892-56896 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1425 57026-57030 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1426 57127-57131 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1427 57219-57223 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1428 55776-55780 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1429 55842-55846 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1430 55938-55946 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1431 56405-56409 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1432 56676-56684 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1433 56805-56816 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1434 56856-56860 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1435 56880-56888 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1436 57327-57331 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1437 57568-57576 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1438 56787-56796 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1439 56940-56949 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1477 57810-57814 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1478 58014-58018 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1479 58330-58334 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1480 58539-58543 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1481 58741-58745 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1482 58863-58867 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1483 59175-59179 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1484 59415-59419 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1485 59517-59521 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1486 59672-59676 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
1487 57796-57800 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1488 57827-57835 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1489 57988-57992 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1490 58042-58047 Species denotes human Tax:9606
1491 58051-58056 Species denotes human Tax:9606
1492 58077-58081 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1493 58099-58107 Species denotes SARS-COV Tax:694009
1494 58163-58167 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1495 58301-58312 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1496 58405-58409 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1497 58911-58915 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1498 59148-59152 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1499 59680-59684 Species denotes nCOV Tax:2697049
1500 59859-59870 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1501 60026-60037 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
1502 57900-57907 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1503 58109-58112 Chemical denotes Ala MESH:D000409
1504 58627-58631 Chemical denotes F486
1505 58825-58829 Chemical denotes K417
1506 58831-58835 Chemical denotes Y505
1507 58837-58841 Chemical denotes Q498
1508 58847-58851 Chemical denotes Q493
1509 58869-58876 Chemical denotes Alanine MESH:D000409
1510 58937-58944 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1511 59271-59278 Chemical denotes alanine MESH:D000409
1512 58524-58533 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1513 59438-59447 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239