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PMC:7601109 / 50160-51462
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":684,"end":689},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":720,"end":724},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":823,"end":836},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":878,"end":882},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":887,"end":891},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":1078,"end":1082},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A73","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T73","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002548"},{"id":"A74","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001913"},{"id":"A75","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T75","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001388"},{"id":"A76","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T76","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001913"},{"id":"A77","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001913"},{"id":"A78","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T78","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001913"}],"text":"As shown in Table 1, royal jelly and 10-HDA significantly increased muscle mass [54,96,100] and improved motor performance in aged rats [95,98,99]. In addition, dietary supplementation with monofloral bee pollen significantly improved the rate of muscle protein synthesis and restored muscle mass in emaciated old rats via upregulation of mTOR and two related downstream controllers of protein translation: p70S6k and 4eBP1, which were suppressed in malnourished old rats [36]. Although propolis improved various muscle-related parameters, its effect on muscle mass in rodents was limited—relative to royal jelly and bee pollen. However, it fostered muscle protein deposition in post-larva Nile tilapia [104]. Moreover, milk naturally enriched with PUFA and polyphenols from propolis remarkably increased the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle of growing obese rats while whole milk and milk enriched with PUFA only could not express any effect on skeletal muscle [105]. Therefore, this finding denotes that propolis could have enhanced the delivery of amino acids available in milk to skeletal muscle leading to its growth. Altogether, it is likely that the observed anabolic effects of royal jelly and bee pollen are associated with their high content of proteins and amino acids [32,36,83,84,85,86]."}
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T382","span":{"begin":68,"end":74},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T383","span":{"begin":247,"end":253},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T384","span":{"begin":254,"end":261},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T385","span":{"begin":285,"end":291},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T386","span":{"begin":386,"end":393},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T387","span":{"begin":513,"end":519},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T388","span":{"begin":554,"end":560},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T389","span":{"begin":650,"end":656},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T390","span":{"begin":657,"end":664},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T391","span":{"begin":720,"end":724},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T392","span":{"begin":823,"end":843},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T393","span":{"begin":878,"end":882},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T394","span":{"begin":887,"end":891},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T395","span":{"begin":957,"end":963},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T396","span":{"begin":1053,"end":1064},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T397","span":{"begin":1078,"end":1082},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T398","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1101},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T399","span":{"begin":1257,"end":1265},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T400","span":{"begin":1270,"end":1281},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A382","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T382","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A383","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T383","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A384","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T384","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A385","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T385","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A386","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T386","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A387","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T387","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A388","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T388","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A389","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T389","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A390","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T390","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A391","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T391","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62100"},{"id":"A392","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T392","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma22541"},{"id":"A393","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T393","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62100"},{"id":"A394","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T394","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62100"},{"id":"A395","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T395","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A396","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T396","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739"},{"id":"A397","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T397","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62100"},{"id":"A398","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T398","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A399","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T399","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A400","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T400","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739"}],"text":"As shown in Table 1, royal jelly and 10-HDA significantly increased muscle mass [54,96,100] and improved motor performance in aged rats [95,98,99]. In addition, dietary supplementation with monofloral bee pollen significantly improved the rate of muscle protein synthesis and restored muscle mass in emaciated old rats via upregulation of mTOR and two related downstream controllers of protein translation: p70S6k and 4eBP1, which were suppressed in malnourished old rats [36]. Although propolis improved various muscle-related parameters, its effect on muscle mass in rodents was limited—relative to royal jelly and bee pollen. However, it fostered muscle protein deposition in post-larva Nile tilapia [104]. Moreover, milk naturally enriched with PUFA and polyphenols from propolis remarkably increased the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle of growing obese rats while whole milk and milk enriched with PUFA only could not express any effect on skeletal muscle [105]. Therefore, this finding denotes that propolis could have enhanced the delivery of amino acids available in milk to skeletal muscle leading to its growth. Altogether, it is likely that the observed anabolic effects of royal jelly and bee pollen are associated with their high content of proteins and amino acids [32,36,83,84,85,86]."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":450,"end":462},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A97","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T97","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006873"}],"text":"As shown in Table 1, royal jelly and 10-HDA significantly increased muscle mass [54,96,100] and improved motor performance in aged rats [95,98,99]. In addition, dietary supplementation with monofloral bee pollen significantly improved the rate of muscle protein synthesis and restored muscle mass in emaciated old rats via upregulation of mTOR and two related downstream controllers of protein translation: p70S6k and 4eBP1, which were suppressed in malnourished old rats [36]. Although propolis improved various muscle-related parameters, its effect on muscle mass in rodents was limited—relative to royal jelly and bee pollen. However, it fostered muscle protein deposition in post-larva Nile tilapia [104]. Moreover, milk naturally enriched with PUFA and polyphenols from propolis remarkably increased the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle of growing obese rats while whole milk and milk enriched with PUFA only could not express any effect on skeletal muscle [105]. Therefore, this finding denotes that propolis could have enhanced the delivery of amino acids available in milk to skeletal muscle leading to its growth. Altogether, it is likely that the observed anabolic effects of royal jelly and bee pollen are associated with their high content of proteins and amino acids [32,36,83,84,85,86]."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T731","span":{"begin":68,"end":74},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630"},{"id":"T732","span":{"begin":68,"end":74},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090"},{"id":"T733","span":{"begin":68,"end":74},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801"},{"id":"T734","span":{"begin":68,"end":74},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949"},{"id":"T735","span":{"begin":247,"end":253},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630"},{"id":"T736","span":{"begin":247,"end":253},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090"},{"id":"T737","span":{"begin":247,"end":253},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801"},{"id":"T738","span":{"begin":247,"end":253},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949"},{"id":"T739","span":{"begin":285,"end":291},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630"},{"id":"T740","span":{"begin":285,"end":291},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090"},{"id":"T741","span":{"begin":285,"end":291},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801"},{"id":"T742","span":{"begin":285,"end":291},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949"},{"id":"T743","span":{"begin":418,"end":423},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053406"},{"id":"T744","span":{"begin":473,"end":475},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313"},{"id":"T745","span":{"begin":513,"end":519},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630"},{"id":"T746","span":{"begin":513,"end":519},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090"},{"id":"T747","span":{"begin":513,"end":519},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801"},{"id":"T748","span":{"begin":513,"end":519},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949"},{"id":"T749","span":{"begin":554,"end":560},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630"},{"id":"T750","span":{"begin":554,"end":560},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090"},{"id":"T751","span":{"begin":554,"end":560},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801"},{"id":"T752","span":{"begin":554,"end":560},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949"},{"id":"T753","span":{"begin":650,"end":656},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630"},{"id":"T754","span":{"begin":650,"end":656},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090"},{"id":"T755","span":{"begin":650,"end":656},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801"},{"id":"T756","span":{"begin":650,"end":656},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949"},{"id":"T757","span":{"begin":684,"end":689},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002548"},{"id":"T758","span":{"begin":837,"end":843},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630"},{"id":"T759","span":{"begin":837,"end":843},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090"},{"id":"T760","span":{"begin":837,"end":843},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801"},{"id":"T761","span":{"begin":837,"end":843},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949"},{"id":"T762","span":{"begin":948,"end":963},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001134"},{"id":"T763","span":{"begin":948,"end":963},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014892"},{"id":"T764","span":{"begin":948,"end":963},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000888"},{"id":"T765","span":{"begin":1086,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001134"},{"id":"T766","span":{"begin":1086,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014892"},{"id":"T767","span":{"begin":1086,"end":1101},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000888"}],"text":"As shown in Table 1, royal jelly and 10-HDA significantly increased muscle mass [54,96,100] and improved motor performance in aged rats [95,98,99]. In addition, dietary supplementation with monofloral bee pollen significantly improved the rate of muscle protein synthesis and restored muscle mass in emaciated old rats via upregulation of mTOR and two related downstream controllers of protein translation: p70S6k and 4eBP1, which were suppressed in malnourished old rats [36]. Although propolis improved various muscle-related parameters, its effect on muscle mass in rodents was limited—relative to royal jelly and bee pollen. However, it fostered muscle protein deposition in post-larva Nile tilapia [104]. Moreover, milk naturally enriched with PUFA and polyphenols from propolis remarkably increased the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle of growing obese rats while whole milk and milk enriched with PUFA only could not express any effect on skeletal muscle [105]. Therefore, this finding denotes that propolis could have enhanced the delivery of amino acids available in milk to skeletal muscle leading to its growth. Altogether, it is likely that the observed anabolic effects of royal jelly and bee pollen are associated with their high content of proteins and amino acids [32,36,83,84,85,86]."}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T32115","span":{"begin":21,"end":32},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T78412","span":{"begin":40,"end":43},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T92634","span":{"begin":254,"end":261},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24247","span":{"begin":386,"end":393},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T65848","span":{"begin":601,"end":612},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T50086","span":{"begin":657,"end":664},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15920","span":{"begin":749,"end":753},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4802","span":{"begin":758,"end":769},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1628","span":{"begin":906,"end":910},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T89207","span":{"begin":1053,"end":1064},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T56473","span":{"begin":1053,"end":1058},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T78828","span":{"begin":1059,"end":1064},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T65208","span":{"begin":1188,"end":1199},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51740","span":{"begin":1257,"end":1265},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T73091","span":{"begin":1270,"end":1281},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T27119","span":{"begin":1270,"end":1275},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T34014","span":{"begin":1276,"end":1281},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A33120","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T32115","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78665"},{"id":"A82523","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T78412","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17314"},{"id":"A33680","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T92634","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A16690","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24247","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A42935","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T65848","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78665"},{"id":"A50047","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T50086","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A5679","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T15920","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26208"},{"id":"A81100","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T15920","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76567"},{"id":"A83749","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T4802","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26195"},{"id":"A67271","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1628","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26208"},{"id":"A84832","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1628","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76567"},{"id":"A92403","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T89207","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709"},{"id":"A5334","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T56473","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882"},{"id":"A84793","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T78828","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A51961","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T65208","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78665"},{"id":"A14032","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51740","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A64362","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T73091","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709"},{"id":"A33103","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T27119","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882"},{"id":"A13878","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T34014","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"}],"text":"As shown in Table 1, royal jelly and 10-HDA significantly increased muscle mass [54,96,100] and improved motor performance in aged rats [95,98,99]. In addition, dietary supplementation with monofloral bee pollen significantly improved the rate of muscle protein synthesis and restored muscle mass in emaciated old rats via upregulation of mTOR and two related downstream controllers of protein translation: p70S6k and 4eBP1, which were suppressed in malnourished old rats [36]. Although propolis improved various muscle-related parameters, its effect on muscle mass in rodents was limited—relative to royal jelly and bee pollen. However, it fostered muscle protein deposition in post-larva Nile tilapia [104]. Moreover, milk naturally enriched with PUFA and polyphenols from propolis remarkably increased the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle of growing obese rats while whole milk and milk enriched with PUFA only could not express any effect on skeletal muscle [105]. Therefore, this finding denotes that propolis could have enhanced the delivery of amino acids available in milk to skeletal muscle leading to its growth. Altogether, it is likely that the observed anabolic effects of royal jelly and bee pollen are associated with their high content of proteins and amino acids [32,36,83,84,85,86]."}
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T216","span":{"begin":254,"end":271},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412"},{"id":"T217","span":{"begin":262,"end":271},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058"},{"id":"T218","span":{"begin":386,"end":405},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412"},{"id":"T219","span":{"begin":1117,"end":1123},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007"}],"text":"As shown in Table 1, royal jelly and 10-HDA significantly increased muscle mass [54,96,100] and improved motor performance in aged rats [95,98,99]. In addition, dietary supplementation with monofloral bee pollen significantly improved the rate of muscle protein synthesis and restored muscle mass in emaciated old rats via upregulation of mTOR and two related downstream controllers of protein translation: p70S6k and 4eBP1, which were suppressed in malnourished old rats [36]. Although propolis improved various muscle-related parameters, its effect on muscle mass in rodents was limited—relative to royal jelly and bee pollen. However, it fostered muscle protein deposition in post-larva Nile tilapia [104]. Moreover, milk naturally enriched with PUFA and polyphenols from propolis remarkably increased the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle of growing obese rats while whole milk and milk enriched with PUFA only could not express any effect on skeletal muscle [105]. Therefore, this finding denotes that propolis could have enhanced the delivery of amino acids available in milk to skeletal muscle leading to its growth. Altogether, it is likely that the observed anabolic effects of royal jelly and bee pollen are associated with their high content of proteins and amino acids [32,36,83,84,85,86]."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T298","span":{"begin":0,"end":147},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T299","span":{"begin":148,"end":477},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T300","span":{"begin":478,"end":628},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T301","span":{"begin":629,"end":709},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T302","span":{"begin":710,"end":970},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T303","span":{"begin":971,"end":1124},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T304","span":{"begin":1125,"end":1302},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"As shown in Table 1, royal jelly and 10-HDA significantly increased muscle mass [54,96,100] and improved motor performance in aged rats [95,98,99]. In addition, dietary supplementation with monofloral bee pollen significantly improved the rate of muscle protein synthesis and restored muscle mass in emaciated old rats via upregulation of mTOR and two related downstream controllers of protein translation: p70S6k and 4eBP1, which were suppressed in malnourished old rats [36]. Although propolis improved various muscle-related parameters, its effect on muscle mass in rodents was limited—relative to royal jelly and bee pollen. However, it fostered muscle protein deposition in post-larva Nile tilapia [104]. Moreover, milk naturally enriched with PUFA and polyphenols from propolis remarkably increased the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle of growing obese rats while whole milk and milk enriched with PUFA only could not express any effect on skeletal muscle [105]. Therefore, this finding denotes that propolis could have enhanced the delivery of amino acids available in milk to skeletal muscle leading to its growth. Altogether, it is likely that the observed anabolic effects of royal jelly and bee pollen are associated with their high content of proteins and amino acids [32,36,83,84,85,86]."}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1208","span":{"begin":339,"end":343},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1209","span":{"begin":407,"end":413},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1210","span":{"begin":418,"end":423},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1211","span":{"begin":131,"end":135},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1212","span":{"begin":314,"end":318},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1213","span":{"begin":467,"end":471},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1214","span":{"begin":690,"end":702},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1215","span":{"begin":861,"end":865},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1216","span":{"begin":758,"end":769},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1217","span":{"begin":855,"end":860},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1208","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1208","obj":"Gene:56718"},{"id":"A1209","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1209","obj":"Gene:83840"},{"id":"A1210","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1210","obj":"Gene:116636"},{"id":"A1211","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1211","obj":"Tax:10116"},{"id":"A1212","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1212","obj":"Tax:10116"},{"id":"A1213","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1213","obj":"Tax:10116"},{"id":"A1214","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1214","obj":"Tax:8128"},{"id":"A1215","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1215","obj":"Tax:10116"},{"id":"A1216","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1216","obj":"MESH:D059808"},{"id":"A1217","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1217","obj":"MESH:D009765"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"As shown in Table 1, royal jelly and 10-HDA significantly increased muscle mass [54,96,100] and improved motor performance in aged rats [95,98,99]. In addition, dietary supplementation with monofloral bee pollen significantly improved the rate of muscle protein synthesis and restored muscle mass in emaciated old rats via upregulation of mTOR and two related downstream controllers of protein translation: p70S6k and 4eBP1, which were suppressed in malnourished old rats [36]. Although propolis improved various muscle-related parameters, its effect on muscle mass in rodents was limited—relative to royal jelly and bee pollen. However, it fostered muscle protein deposition in post-larva Nile tilapia [104]. Moreover, milk naturally enriched with PUFA and polyphenols from propolis remarkably increased the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle of growing obese rats while whole milk and milk enriched with PUFA only could not express any effect on skeletal muscle [105]. Therefore, this finding denotes that propolis could have enhanced the delivery of amino acids available in milk to skeletal muscle leading to its growth. Altogether, it is likely that the observed anabolic effects of royal jelly and bee pollen are associated with their high content of proteins and amino acids [32,36,83,84,85,86]."}