PMC:7600245 / 62895-63908 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T293","span":{"begin":191,"end":223},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T294","span":{"begin":214,"end":223},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T295","span":{"begin":277,"end":290},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T296","span":{"begin":292,"end":299},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T297","span":{"begin":305,"end":315},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T298","span":{"begin":666,"end":674},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T299","span":{"begin":819,"end":827},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A293","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T293","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019121"},{"id":"A294","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T294","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A295","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T295","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005989"},{"id":"A296","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T296","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005136"},{"id":"A297","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T297","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005661"},{"id":"A298","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T298","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A299","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T299","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"}],"text":"4.12. Atovaquone (Mepron)\nAtovaquone is an orally active, synthetic hydroxy-naphthoquinone derivative (Figure S6) with antiparasitic activity. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in 1992 against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia [215]. It has also been used to prevent and/or treat toxoplasmosis, malaria, and babesiosis [216,217,218,219]. Mechanistically, it inhibits the electron transport chain in mitochondria, leading to the inhibition of critical metabolic enzymes important for the synthesis of nucleic acids and ATP [220]. It is being evaluated in the U.S. alone (NCT04456153; n = 60) or in combination with azithromycin in an open-label, non-randomized study in COVID-19 patients at HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, U.S. (NCT04339426; n = 25). One potential mechanism of action for atovaquone pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 is the inhibition of Mpro [221]. Another computational study suggested that it may inhibit RdRp [169]. Importantly, these computational studies are yet to be experimentally confirmed."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T642","span":{"begin":50,"end":56},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T643","span":{"begin":133,"end":141},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T644","span":{"begin":234,"end":237},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T645","span":{"begin":635,"end":640},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225"}],"text":"4.12. Atovaquone (Mepron)\nAtovaquone is an orally active, synthetic hydroxy-naphthoquinone derivative (Figure S6) with antiparasitic activity. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in 1992 against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia [215]. It has also been used to prevent and/or treat toxoplasmosis, malaria, and babesiosis [216,217,218,219]. Mechanistically, it inhibits the electron transport chain in mitochondria, leading to the inhibition of critical metabolic enzymes important for the synthesis of nucleic acids and ATP [220]. It is being evaluated in the U.S. alone (NCT04456153; n = 60) or in combination with azithromycin in an open-label, non-randomized study in COVID-19 patients at HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, U.S. (NCT04339426; n = 25). One potential mechanism of action for atovaquone pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 is the inhibition of Mpro [221]. Another computational study suggested that it may inhibit RdRp [169]. Importantly, these computational studies are yet to be experimentally confirmed."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":18,"end":24},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T50816","span":{"begin":68,"end":75},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T61623","span":{"begin":76,"end":90},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T67443","span":{"begin":368,"end":376},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T26596","span":{"begin":497,"end":510},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20508","span":{"begin":505,"end":510},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T61582","span":{"begin":515,"end":518},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51408","span":{"begin":611,"end":623},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T19630","span":{"begin":635,"end":640},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T25592","span":{"begin":794,"end":804},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A84144","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T163","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_575568"},{"id":"A83530","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T50816","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176"},{"id":"A88038","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T61623","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25481"},{"id":"A8249","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T61623","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27418"},{"id":"A55850","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T67443","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545"},{"id":"A20347","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T26596","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696"},{"id":"A8450","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20508","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A50767","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T61582","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15422"},{"id":"A61119","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T61582","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30616"},{"id":"A86828","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51408","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955"},{"id":"A97472","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T19630","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209"},{"id":"A63884","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T25592","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_575568"}],"text":"4.12. Atovaquone (Mepron)\nAtovaquone is an orally active, synthetic hydroxy-naphthoquinone derivative (Figure S6) with antiparasitic activity. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in 1992 against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia [215]. It has also been used to prevent and/or treat toxoplasmosis, malaria, and babesiosis [216,217,218,219]. Mechanistically, it inhibits the electron transport chain in mitochondria, leading to the inhibition of critical metabolic enzymes important for the synthesis of nucleic acids and ATP [220]. It is being evaluated in the U.S. alone (NCT04456153; n = 60) or in combination with azithromycin in an open-label, non-randomized study in COVID-19 patients at HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, U.S. (NCT04339426; n = 25). One potential mechanism of action for atovaquone pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 is the inhibition of Mpro [221]. Another computational study suggested that it may inhibit RdRp [169]. Importantly, these computational studies are yet to be experimentally confirmed."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":368,"end":392},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022900"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":377,"end":386},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":484,"end":493},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058"}],"text":"4.12. Atovaquone (Mepron)\nAtovaquone is an orally active, synthetic hydroxy-naphthoquinone derivative (Figure S6) with antiparasitic activity. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in 1992 against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia [215]. It has also been used to prevent and/or treat toxoplasmosis, malaria, and babesiosis [216,217,218,219]. Mechanistically, it inhibits the electron transport chain in mitochondria, leading to the inhibition of critical metabolic enzymes important for the synthesis of nucleic acids and ATP [220]. It is being evaluated in the U.S. alone (NCT04456153; n = 60) or in combination with azithromycin in an open-label, non-randomized study in COVID-19 patients at HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, U.S. (NCT04339426; n = 25). One potential mechanism of action for atovaquone pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 is the inhibition of Mpro [221]. Another computational study suggested that it may inhibit RdRp [169]. Importantly, these computational studies are yet to be experimentally confirmed."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":191,"end":223},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A78","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T78","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020102"}],"text":"4.12. Atovaquone (Mepron)\nAtovaquone is an orally active, synthetic hydroxy-naphthoquinone derivative (Figure S6) with antiparasitic activity. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in 1992 against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia [215]. It has also been used to prevent and/or treat toxoplasmosis, malaria, and babesiosis [216,217,218,219]. Mechanistically, it inhibits the electron transport chain in mitochondria, leading to the inhibition of critical metabolic enzymes important for the synthesis of nucleic acids and ATP [220]. It is being evaluated in the U.S. alone (NCT04456153; n = 60) or in combination with azithromycin in an open-label, non-randomized study in COVID-19 patients at HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, U.S. (NCT04339426; n = 25). One potential mechanism of action for atovaquone pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 is the inhibition of Mpro [221]. Another computational study suggested that it may inhibit RdRp [169]. Importantly, these computational studies are yet to be experimentally confirmed."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T480","span":{"begin":0,"end":5},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T481","span":{"begin":6,"end":25},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T482","span":{"begin":26,"end":142},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T483","span":{"begin":143,"end":170},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T484","span":{"begin":171,"end":230},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T485","span":{"begin":231,"end":334},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T486","span":{"begin":335,"end":525},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T487","span":{"begin":526,"end":755},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T488","span":{"begin":756,"end":862},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T489","span":{"begin":863,"end":932},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T490","span":{"begin":933,"end":1013},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"4.12. Atovaquone (Mepron)\nAtovaquone is an orally active, synthetic hydroxy-naphthoquinone derivative (Figure S6) with antiparasitic activity. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in 1992 against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia [215]. It has also been used to prevent and/or treat toxoplasmosis, malaria, and babesiosis [216,217,218,219]. Mechanistically, it inhibits the electron transport chain in mitochondria, leading to the inhibition of critical metabolic enzymes important for the synthesis of nucleic acids and ATP [220]. It is being evaluated in the U.S. alone (NCT04456153; n = 60) or in combination with azithromycin in an open-label, non-randomized study in COVID-19 patients at HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, U.S. (NCT04339426; n = 25). One potential mechanism of action for atovaquone pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 is the inhibition of Mpro [221]. Another computational study suggested that it may inhibit RdRp [169]. Importantly, these computational studies are yet to be experimentally confirmed."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1974","span":{"begin":6,"end":16},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1975","span":{"begin":18,"end":24},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1989","span":{"begin":851,"end":855},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1990","span":{"begin":921,"end":925},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1991","span":{"begin":675,"end":683},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1992","span":{"begin":819,"end":829},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1993","span":{"begin":26,"end":36},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1994","span":{"begin":68,"end":90},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1995","span":{"begin":515,"end":518},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1996","span":{"begin":611,"end":623},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1997","span":{"begin":794,"end":804},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1998","span":{"begin":191,"end":223},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1999","span":{"begin":292,"end":299},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2000","span":{"begin":305,"end":315},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2001","span":{"begin":666,"end":674},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1974","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1974","obj":"MESH:D053626"},{"id":"A1975","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1975","obj":"MESH:D053626"},{"id":"A1989","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1989","obj":"Gene:8673700"},{"id":"A1990","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1990","obj":"Gene:43740578"},{"id":"A1991","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1991","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1992","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1992","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1993","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1993","obj":"MESH:D053626"},{"id":"A1995","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1995","obj":"MESH:D000255"},{"id":"A1996","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1996","obj":"MESH:D017963"},{"id":"A1997","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1997","obj":"MESH:D053626"},{"id":"A1998","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1998","obj":"MESH:D011020"},{"id":"A1999","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1999","obj":"MESH:D008288"},{"id":"A2000","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2000","obj":"MESH:D001404"},{"id":"A2001","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2001","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"4.12. Atovaquone (Mepron)\nAtovaquone is an orally active, synthetic hydroxy-naphthoquinone derivative (Figure S6) with antiparasitic activity. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in 1992 against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia [215]. It has also been used to prevent and/or treat toxoplasmosis, malaria, and babesiosis [216,217,218,219]. Mechanistically, it inhibits the electron transport chain in mitochondria, leading to the inhibition of critical metabolic enzymes important for the synthesis of nucleic acids and ATP [220]. It is being evaluated in the U.S. alone (NCT04456153; n = 60) or in combination with azithromycin in an open-label, non-randomized study in COVID-19 patients at HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, U.S. (NCT04339426; n = 25). One potential mechanism of action for atovaquone pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 is the inhibition of Mpro [221]. Another computational study suggested that it may inhibit RdRp [169]. Importantly, these computational studies are yet to be experimentally confirmed."}