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PMC:7597510 / 8508-12571 JSONTXT

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LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T27 869-872 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G46613JI denotes GM1
T28 869-872 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G48558GR denotes GM1
T29 879-883 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G17077FL denotes GQ1b
T30 879-883 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G18625KA denotes GQ1b
T31 893-897 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G37184KW denotes GD1b
T32 893-897 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G97612UN denotes GD1b

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T71 463-474 Body_part denotes ganglioside http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816
T72 663-674 Body_part denotes ganglioside http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816
T73 1634-1645 Body_part denotes endothelium http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63916
T74 1792-1802 Body_part denotes macrophage http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261
T75 1829-1837 Body_part denotes cytokine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T76 2228-2243 Body_part denotes lower extremity http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7184
T77 2329-2340 Body_part denotes lower limbs http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7184
T78 2363-2378 Body_part denotes lower extremity http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7184
T79 2692-2695 Body_part denotes CSF http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T27 1634-1645 Body_part denotes endothelium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001986

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T69 39-42 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T70 59-67 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T71 70-79 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T72 119-122 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T73 278-281 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T74 323-331 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T75 334-343 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T76 358-361 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T77 557-579 Disease denotes Miller-Fisher syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005851
T78 607-610 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T79 1040-1043 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T80 1098-1102 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T81 1321-1324 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T82 1341-1349 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T83 1479-1487 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T84 1492-1495 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T85 1521-1524 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T86 1602-1610 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T87 1792-1822 Disease denotes macrophage activation syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015545
T88 1864-1867 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T89 1885-1893 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T90 1896-1905 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T91 2053-2061 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T92 2167-2170 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T93 2187-2195 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T94 2198-2207 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T95 2570-2573 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T96 2670-2673 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T97 2793-2796 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T98 2813-2821 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T99 2824-2833 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T100 3027-3030 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T101 3038-3046 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T102 3049-3058 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T103 3101-3109 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T104 3295-3318 Disease denotes Guillain-Barré syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T105 3639-3662 Disease denotes Guillain-Barré syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T106 3664-3667 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T107 3685-3693 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T108 3696-3705 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T109 3788-3791 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T110 3813-3834 Disease denotes peripheral neuropathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003620|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005244
T112 3861-3869 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T113 4022-4025 Disease denotes GBS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016218
T114 4042-4050 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T115 4053-4062 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T74 447-453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T75 686-692 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T76 811-817 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T77 848-854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T78 929-935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T79 991-996 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T80 1065-1066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T81 1103-1108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T82 1223-1225 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T83 1256-1260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T84 1583-1586 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T85 1634-1645 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001986 denotes endothelium
T86 1695-1696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T87 1803-1813 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T88 1853-1854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T89 1906-1908 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T90 2234-2243 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremity
T91 2335-2340 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes limbs
T92 2369-2378 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremity
T93 2696-2700 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T94 2842-2846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T95 3195-3197 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes My
T96 3248-3251 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 3–4
T97 3259-3261 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes My
T98 3274-3276 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007653 denotes me
T99 3445-3447 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes my
T100 3710-3714 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T60 463-474 Chemical denotes ganglioside http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892
T61 663-674 Chemical denotes ganglioside http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892
T62 869-872 Chemical denotes GM1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18216|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61048|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73110
T65 879-883 Chemical denotes GQ1b http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27515
T66 893-897 Chemical denotes GD1b http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28175
T67 3337-3342 Chemical denotes gamma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30212

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
167 59-79 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
168 286-312 Disease denotes neurological complications MESH:D002493
169 323-343 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
191 403-411 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
192 530-538 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
193 819-827 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
194 1098-1108 Species denotes Zika virus Tax:64320
195 1121-1129 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
196 1341-1351 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
197 1465-1473 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
198 1602-1612 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
199 1871-1879 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
200 2039-2047 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
201 463-474 Chemical denotes ganglioside MESH:D005732
202 663-674 Chemical denotes ganglioside MESH:D005732
203 869-872 Chemical denotes GM1 MESH:D005677
204 1441-1461 Disease denotes respiratory symptoms MESH:D012818
205 1479-1487 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
206 1660-1670 Disease denotes axonopathy MESH:D016472
207 1697-1719 Disease denotes microvascular disorder MESH:D017566
208 1885-1905 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
209 1951-1972 Disease denotes neurological symptoms MESH:D009422
210 2015-2035 Disease denotes respiratory symptoms MESH:D012818
211 2053-2061 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
223 2319-2326 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
224 2474-2482 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
225 2617-2624 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
226 2187-2207 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
227 2234-2252 Disease denotes extremity weakness MESH:D018908
228 2257-2269 Disease denotes paraesthesia MESH:D010292
229 2284-2305 Disease denotes neurological symptoms MESH:D009422
230 2342-2358 Disease denotes Axonal disorders MESH:D012183
231 2369-2396 Disease denotes extremity dominant symptoms MESH:D051271
232 2449-2461 Disease denotes neuropathies MESH:D009422
233 2488-2503 Disease denotes microangiopathy MESH:D000783
237 2779-2787 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
238 2813-2833 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
239 3038-3058 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
241 3060-3067 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
248 3088-3095 Disease denotes anxious MESH:D001007
249 3101-3109 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
250 3132-3153 Disease denotes neurological symptoms MESH:D009422
251 3162-3183 Disease denotes numbness and weakness MESH:D006987
252 3510-3518 Disease denotes weakness MESH:D018908
253 3545-3553 Disease denotes numbness MESH:D006987
256 3625-3633 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
257 3685-3705 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
262 3838-3846 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
263 3861-3871 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
264 3813-3834 Disease denotes peripheral neuropathy MESH:D010523
265 3847-3855 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
267 4042-4062 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T19 1829-1843 Phenotype denotes cytokine storm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041
T20 2228-2252 Phenotype denotes lower extremity weakness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0007340
T21 3813-3834 Phenotype denotes peripheral neuropathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009830
T22 3899-3920 Phenotype denotes autoimmune conditions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002960

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T5 1792-1813 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042116 denotes macrophage activation
T6 3609-3617 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007612 denotes Learning

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T87 0-10 Sentence denotes Discussion
T88 11-389 Sentence denotes Although the possibility of GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection remains to be clarified, the number of GBS cases reported between March 2020 and April 2020 is greater than five times that reported in the last 3 years.17 Given that reports have begun to describe GBS and neurological complications following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the onset of GBS requires special attention.
T89 390-512 Sentence denotes Among the 37 patients described by Caress et al, 17 were tested for anti-ganglioside antibodies, 15 of whom were negative.
T90 513-611 Sentence denotes In addition, two patients were positive for Miller-Fisher syndrome, and all were negative for GBS.
T91 612-725 Sentence denotes However, specific description of types of the anti-ganglioside antibodies tested were not provided in many cases.
T92 726-1039 Sentence denotes Although some reports specifically described the types of antiganglioside antibodies tested, patients appear to have been tested only for anti-GM1, anti-GQ1b and anti-GD1b antibodies.9 10 14 Although we tested for various additional antiganglioside antibodies, all tests were negative in the present case as well.
T93 1040-1352 Sentence denotes GBS was also reported in a case–control study of the 2016 Zika virus, where most patients were negative for antiganglioside antibodies, suggesting the existence of unknown antibodies.18 Therefore, it is important to test for as many kinds of antibodies as possible when suspecting GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2.
T94 1353-1564 Sentence denotes However, some authors have reported nearly simultaneous development of neurological and respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and GBS.19 20 Thus, the cause of GBS may not be immune related in all cases.
T95 1565-1720 Sentence denotes Previous research has suggested that SARS-CoV-2 damages the vascular endothelium.21 Therefore, axonopathy may have been caused by a microvascular disorder.
T96 1721-2135 Sentence denotes In addition, McGonagle et al proposed that hyperinflammation following macrophage activation syndrome (ie, ‘cytokine storm’) may be a cause of GBS in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.22 Together, these findings suggest that, if neurological symptoms develop early following the appearance of respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19, both autoimmune and other factors should be considered in the diagnosis.
T97 2136-2341 Sentence denotes Whittaker et al noted that the GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection manifests mainly as lower extremity weakness and paraesthesia.23 Similarly, neurological symptoms began in our patient’s lower limbs.
T98 2342-2504 Sentence denotes Axonal disorders and lower extremity dominant symptoms may be similar in character to the length-dependent neuropathies observed in patients with microangiopathy.
T99 2505-2674 Sentence denotes The present case satisfied the essential diagnostic criteria for GBS described by Asbury and Cornblath, and the patient’s clinical course supported the diagnosis of GBS.
T100 2675-2727 Sentence denotes Nonetheless, the CSF test yielded atypical findings.
T101 2728-2887 Sentence denotes In conclusion, our report supports the notion that patients with GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection tend to test negative for antiganglioside antibodies.
T102 2888-3059 Sentence denotes In addition to careful diagnosis, further reports are required to elucidate the characteristics and the mechanisms underlying the onset of GBS due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
T103 3060-3081 Sentence denotes Patient’s perspective
T104 3082-3194 Sentence denotes I was anxious when COVID-19 symptoms improved and neurological symptoms such as numbness and weakness developed.
T105 3195-3258 Sentence denotes My symptoms gradually progressed and peaked in about 3–4 weeks.
T106 3259-3319 Sentence denotes My doctor told me that I might have Guillain-Barré syndrome.
T107 3320-3457 Sentence denotes I was told about gamma globulin treatment, but I declined that option due to the risk of side effects and the mild nature of my symptoms.
T108 3458-3563 Sentence denotes After that, the symptoms gradually improved and the weakness disappeared, although the numbness remained.
T109 3564-3608 Sentence denotes I was satisfied with the treatment protocol.
T110 3609-3624 Sentence denotes Learning points
T111 3625-3766 Sentence denotes Patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection may test negative for many known antiganglioside antibodies.
T112 3767-3921 Sentence denotes Careful diagnosis of GBS is required, because peripheral neuropathy in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may have causes other than autoimmune conditions.
T113 3922-4063 Sentence denotes Further studies and case reports are required to facilitate discussion of the mechanisms underlying GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue glyco_epitope_db_id
T15 864-872 GlycoEpitope denotes anti-GM1 http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/AN0713
T16 869-872 GlycoEpitope denotes GM1 http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0050
T17 879-883 GlycoEpitope denotes GQ1b http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0069
T18 888-897 GlycoEpitope denotes anti-GD1b http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/AN0403
T19 893-897 GlycoEpitope denotes GD1b http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0059