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PMC:7594251 / 7673-38060 JSONTXT

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LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T8612 9364-9371 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G15021LG denotes glucose
T44926 9488-9495 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G15021LG denotes glucose

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T10253 1022-1045 Body_part denotes transverse to the plane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71928
T45898 1177-1193 Body_part denotes transverse plane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71928
T76500 2648-2651 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T71803 2665-2673 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T51396 3292-3297 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12274
T52620 3302-3313 Body_part denotes blood serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T43252 9364-9371 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T49086 9488-9495 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T48591 11613-11625 Body_part denotes phospholipid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82779
T16532 11688-11691 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T27437 11845-11848 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T23683 12933-12938 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T17125 12975-12979 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T47161 15530-15535 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T51661 15617-15622 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T25681 15627-15632 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12274
T23891 16158-16163 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T12355 18235-18241 Body_part denotes breast http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9601
T33062 18366-18371 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T4462 18579-18584 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T92872 18980-18985 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T38324 19008-19014 Body_part denotes breast http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9601
T65570 20415-20420 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T64417 20524-20529 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T30907 20743-20748 Body_part denotes lipid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264
T71500 20815-20820 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T7498 20876-20881 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T49050 20959-20964 Body_part denotes lipid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264
T73203 21006-21011 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T75762 21177-21182 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T68385 21592-21600 Body_part denotes backbone http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T68513 21604-21612 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T30146 22680-22685 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T11099 22687-22693 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203
T30625 22699-22704 Body_part denotes liver http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7197
T37089 22705-22711 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T93967 23198-23208 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T77772 23225-23230 Body_part denotes lipid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264
T43843 23284-23291 Body_part denotes kidneys http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203
T96240 23296-23301 Body_part denotes liver http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7197
T49148 23690-23694 Body_part denotes axis http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12520
T36122 24039-24043 Body_part denotes axis http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12520
T39858 25792-25795 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T62847 26081-26088 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T88379 26365-26377 Body_part denotes blood plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T40091 26461-26468 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T37259 26573-26581 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T43243 28493-28501 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T42194 28697-28704 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T57538 29405-29409 Body_part denotes back http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25056
T52848 29494-29501 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 3070-3074 Body_part denotes tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025
T2 3078-3082 Body_part denotes tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025
T3 3292-3297 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001088
T4 3302-3307 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T5 3308-3313 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T6 15530-15535 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T7 15617-15622 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T8 15627-15632 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001088
T9 16158-16163 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T10 16363-16372 Body_part denotes extension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000106
T11 18235-18241 Body_part denotes breast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000310
T12 18366-18371 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T13 18579-18584 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T14 18980-18985 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T15 19008-19014 Body_part denotes breast http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000310
T16 22680-22685 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T17 22687-22693 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113
T18 22699-22704 Body_part denotes liver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107
T19 22705-22711 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479
T20 23296-23301 Body_part denotes liver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107
T21 26365-26377 Body_part denotes blood plasma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969
T22 26365-26370 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T23 26659-26663 Body_part denotes Gill http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002535
T24 27315-27319 Body_part denotes Gill http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002535
T25 29557-29562 Body_part denotes scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T12 18235-18248 Disease denotes breast cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007254
T13 18242-18248 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T14 19008-19021 Disease denotes breast cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007254
T15 19015-19021 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T16 20383-20400 Disease denotes ovarian carcinoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005140
T17 20391-20400 Disease denotes carcinoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004993
T18 22524-22526 Disease denotes HD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007739
T19 25827-25830 Disease denotes HTS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011549
T20 25974-25976 Disease denotes he http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017319
T21 27822-27824 Disease denotes R2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019903

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T43341 46-47 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23700 109-110 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T82249 458-459 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T85549 501-506 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T55590 608-613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T58445 615-616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T92263 776-781 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T68728 919-924 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T45061 964-970 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes fields
T88556 1069-1074 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T91683 1264-1265 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T21171 1407-1413 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T51401 1417-1418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T56863 1471-1478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signals
T47125 1677-1682 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T12208 1908-1909 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T78536 1960-1966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T91135 2023-2029 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T25038 2089-2095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T74964 2509-2512 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T81620 2532-2533 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92233 2738-2741 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T76872 2943-2945 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007874 denotes MS
T13161 3030-3032 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007874 denotes MS
T45199 3070-3074 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025 denotes tube
T90327 3078-3082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025 denotes tube
T28659 3214-3216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007874 denotes MS
T4970 3302-3307 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T39983 3302-3307 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T71596 3397-3399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000453 denotes LC
T60852 3402-3404 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007874 denotes MS
T71533 3874-3877 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T11494 4061-4062 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T62411 4146-4147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T22590 4148-4154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T23235 4475-4484 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremely
T66345 4529-4532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T3179 4533-4534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38441 4620-4629 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremely
T85356 4719-4720 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55626 4801-4802 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7693 5046-5049 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T74928 5116-5122 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T89386 5152-5153 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25318 5177-5187 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes in organic
T33905 5728-5729 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T68532 5748-5753 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T34126 5957-5960 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T31583 5961-5962 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T16829 5996-6003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signals
T20933 6036-6042 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T99257 6222-6228 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T77549 6413-6419 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T61613 6448-6449 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T96943 6640-6641 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55349 6727-6728 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T77383 6743-6748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T73188 6788-6789 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T78366 6841-6846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T25547 7102-7103 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T31964 7171-7172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20822 7281-7282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T63367 7470-7476 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T91886 7581-7582 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T73157 7723-7726 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T7374 7876-7883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signals
T55495 7891-7892 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T28108 7987-7990 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T85300 8129-8132 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T32942 8133-8134 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T90006 8600-8606 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T67222 8650-8651 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T67710 8988-8989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9295 9117-9118 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92474 9554-9560 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T45804 9767-9770 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T42617 9771-9772 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T69056 9949-9950 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13009 10082-10083 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53392 10215-10216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T47108 10262-10263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T33086 10336-10343 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focuses
T45570 10433-10439 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T41073 10446-10447 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T98684 10550-10558 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labeling
T86896 10581-10584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053001 denotes 114
T1229 10925-10931 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T1088 10948-10954 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes Signal
T92599 11196-11197 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T87879 11228-11229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T52531 11523-11524 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T49797 11870-11878 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 denotes bacteria
T79755 11880-11882 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T36380 11981-11982 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T78941 12031-12033 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000005794 denotes CP
T26738 12135-12136 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T50950 12183-12191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 denotes bacteria
T83068 12234-12242 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 denotes bacteria
T72911 12288-12294 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T66455 12334-12335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T71611 12453-12455 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T15967 12555-12563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labeling
T47909 12849-12852 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001053 denotes 121
T76054 12933-12938 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T47371 12975-12979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T39170 13374-13379 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focus
T60635 13482-13483 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T17528 13932-13933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92439 13967-13968 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T83859 13999-14000 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T91246 14027-14028 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T69709 14049-14051 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes t2
T91898 14136-14138 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T92124 14231-14233 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T26137 14281-14282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T63635 14318-14320 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003401 denotes FT
T78725 15175-15176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T76502 15187-15190 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054061 denotes 132
T42866 15530-15535 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T98943 15530-15535 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T84919 15881-15883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T56516 15983-15984 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T86496 16158-16163 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T59085 16158-16163 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T91276 16457-16458 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T16293 16624-16625 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T61631 16709-16710 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T75997 16734-16735 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T45961 16990-16991 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T2549 17070-17071 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T36623 17103-17104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T51654 17387-17388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T1722 17877-17878 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T27590 18235-18241 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000310 denotes breast
T45515 19008-19014 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000310 denotes breast
T6025 19090-19091 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92227 20037-20044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T84020 20037-20044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T7565 20372-20382 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066 denotes epithelial
T25877 20408-20414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009063 denotes Skov-3
T65918 20408-20414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052004 denotes Skov-3
T15262 20408-20414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052005 denotes Skov-3
T84733 20408-20414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052006 denotes Skov-3
T563 20408-20414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052007 denotes Skov-3
T68261 20415-20420 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T18385 20517-20523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009063 denotes Skov-3
T7784 20517-20523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052004 denotes Skov-3
T18201 20517-20523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052005 denotes Skov-3
T44166 20517-20523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052006 denotes Skov-3
T15184 20517-20523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052007 denotes Skov-3
T72019 20524-20529 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T67725 20680-20685 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T49059 20808-20814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009063 denotes Skov-3
T24432 20808-20814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052004 denotes Skov-3
T13031 20808-20814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052005 denotes Skov-3
T58426 20808-20814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052006 denotes Skov-3
T52203 20808-20814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052007 denotes Skov-3
T21105 20815-20820 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T98431 20869-20875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009063 denotes Skov-3
T53038 20869-20875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052004 denotes Skov-3
T12991 20869-20875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052005 denotes Skov-3
T66845 20869-20875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052006 denotes Skov-3
T99568 20869-20875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052007 denotes Skov-3
T50576 20876-20881 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T80995 21006-21011 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T54819 21088-21089 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T69803 21170-21176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009063 denotes Skov-3
T3282 21170-21176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052004 denotes Skov-3
T25858 21170-21176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052005 denotes Skov-3
T4936 21170-21176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052006 denotes Skov-3
T20172 21170-21176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052007 denotes Skov-3
T80018 21177-21182 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T84214 21614-21617 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001079 denotes 148
T6479 21791-21792 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20389 22134-22135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T21966 22289-22290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T74078 22485-22487 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T25528 22550-22551 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T81398 22687-22693 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 denotes kidney
T40369 22687-22693 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 denotes kidney
T23231 22687-22693 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 denotes kidney
T2572 22699-22704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107 denotes liver
T95714 22699-22704 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000887 denotes liver
T49055 22893-22900 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signals
T39599 23137-23138 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14589 23284-23291 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 denotes kidneys
T43132 23284-23291 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 denotes kidneys
T76931 23284-23291 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 denotes kidneys
T29795 23296-23301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107 denotes liver
T14410 23296-23301 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000887 denotes liver
T94198 23367-23368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T56129 23423-23429 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T5556 23522-23523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92788 23977-23979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T84489 24093-24094 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T58840 24136-24138 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T62015 24249-24251 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T43160 24429-24431 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T17546 24596-24597 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T33912 24636-24637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T82452 24892-24898 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T73705 24927-24933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T4765 24945-24948 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001002 denotes 162
T99665 25335-25336 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T91826 25345-25348 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001003 denotes 163
T95563 25374-25375 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10689 25449-25450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T87448 25815-25816 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T90168 26365-26377 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes blood plasma
T40421 26593-26595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T16944 26659-26663 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002535 denotes Gill
T99850 26780-26781 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53426 26803-26804 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T70539 26850-26851 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T40931 27063-27064 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T32172 27315-27319 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002535 denotes Gill
T47725 27483-27485 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T26340 27729-27735 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T37945 27753-27754 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T67693 27867-27873 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T74144 27883-27884 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T61672 27897-27898 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T776 27983-27984 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T90184 28001-28007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T29187 28031-28033 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T80855 28114-28116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T17769 28118-28120 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T1564 28215-28220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T88676 28300-28302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T90343 28381-28382 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92264 28403-28405 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T51742 28617-28619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T65081 28884-28885 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T76730 28964-28966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T85793 29183-29185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 denotes T2
T71306 29961-29962 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T274 30077-30078 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T275 30116-30117 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T276 30198-30205 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T277 30198-30205 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T278 30215-30218 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T47 156-161 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T48 283-289 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T49 999-1001 Chemical denotes RF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73818
T50 1519-1524 Chemical denotes radio http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33325
T51 1802-1806 Chemical denotes atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T52 2214-2222 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T53 2559-2568 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T54 2606-2617 Chemical denotes saccharides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16646
T55 2627-2638 Chemical denotes metabolites http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212
T56 2648-2651 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T57 2665-2673 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T58 2717-2721 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T59 2943-2945 Chemical denotes MS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73613
T60 2995-3003 Chemical denotes solvents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T61 3013-3016 Chemical denotes D2O http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41981
T62 3030-3032 Chemical denotes MS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73613
T63 3110-3117 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T64 3205-3208 Chemical denotes ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T65 3214-3216 Chemical denotes MS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73613
T66 3269-3274 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T67 3397-3399 Chemical denotes LC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73582
T68 3402-3404 Chemical denotes MS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73613
T69 3473-3482 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T70 3492-3497 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T71 3598-3602 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T72 3659-3663 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T73 3809-3813 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T74 4362-4367 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T75 4410-4415 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T76 4465-4467 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T77 4498-4502 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T78 4601-4609 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T79 4610-4615 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T80 4647-4656 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T81 4849-4851 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T82 4937-4941 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T83 4999-5001 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T84 5010-5012 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T85 5013-5021 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T86 5093-5100 Chemical denotes tritium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29238
T87 5123-5129 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T88 5226-5228 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T89 5360-5362 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T90 5452-5461 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T91 5494-5498 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T92 5513-5517 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T93 5576-5581 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T94 5598-5605 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T95 5783-5788 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T96 5841-5846 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T97 6028-6035 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T98 6216-6221 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T99 6246-6254 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T100 6260-6263 Chemical denotes H2O http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T101 6267-6275 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T102 6294-6299 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T103 6319-6327 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T104 6396-6401 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T105 6407-6412 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T106 6531-6539 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T107 6568-6573 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T108 6938-6943 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T109 6965-6970 Chemical denotes WATER http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T110 7154-7159 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T111 7263-7268 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T112 7371-7382 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T113 7438-7443 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T114 7583-7588 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T115 7812-7814 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T116 7837-7844 Chemical denotes nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T117 7941-7943 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T118 8027-8033 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T119 8121-8123 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T120 8298-8300 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T121 8685-8691 Chemical denotes proton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24636
T122 8750-8756 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T124 8757-8763 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T125 8885-8889 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T126 9021-9023 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T127 9089-9094 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T128 9177-9182 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T129 9240-9242 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T130 9277-9279 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T131 9339-9347 Chemical denotes naringin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28819
T132 9349-9356 Chemical denotes sucrose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17992
T133 9364-9371 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T135 9454-9462 Chemical denotes naringin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28819
T136 9464-9477 Chemical denotes neohesperidin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59016
T137 9488-9495 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T139 9497-9504 Chemical denotes sucrose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17992
T140 9506-9514 Chemical denotes limonene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15384
T141 9516-9525 Chemical denotes narirutin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28705
T142 9531-9541 Chemical denotes synephrine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29081|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58606
T144 9683-9685 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T145 9840-9842 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T146 9993-9995 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T147 10075-10077 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T148 10133-10135 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T149 10355-10364 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T150 10396-10408 Chemical denotes ethanolamine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16000|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23981|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_57603
T153 11281-11283 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T154 11304-11314 Chemical denotes phosphorus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28659|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35895
T156 11371-11375 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T157 11416-11427 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T158 11479-11488 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T159 11525-11540 Chemical denotes phosphorus atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28659|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30207
T161 11525-11535 Chemical denotes phosphorus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35895
T162 11536-11540 Chemical denotes atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T163 11613-11625 Chemical denotes phospholipid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16247
T164 11638-11641 Chemical denotes ATP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15422|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30616
T166 11643-11647 Chemical denotes NADP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18009|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25523
T168 11688-11691 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T169 11845-11848 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T170 11997-11999 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T171 12031-12033 Chemical denotes CP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3380|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73461
T173 12094-12104 Chemical denotes ampicillin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28971
T174 12422-12432 Chemical denotes phosphorus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28659|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35895
T176 12438-12451 Chemical denotes nucleic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T177 12446-12451 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T178 12665-12671 Chemical denotes chloro http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47853
T179 12740-12746 Chemical denotes lipids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059
T180 12758-12766 Chemical denotes hydroxyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
T182 12768-12776 Chemical denotes aldehyde http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17478
T183 13148-13153 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T184 13448-13452 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T185 13464-13468 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T186 13655-13659 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T187 13711-13713 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T188 13714-13716 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T189 13837-13843 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T190 13851-13853 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T191 13854-13856 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T192 14307-14316 Chemical denotes Transform http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133305
T193 14318-14320 Chemical denotes FT http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73636
T194 14377-14383 Chemical denotes proton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24636
T195 14385-14387 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T196 14392-14398 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T198 14415-14421 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T200 14563-14565 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T201 14789-14795 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T202 14872-14877 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T203 14949-14958 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T204 14971-14980 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T205 14984-14992 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T206 15177-15185 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T207 15434-15438 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T208 15467-15475 Chemical denotes medicine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T209 15672-15674 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T210 15685-15687 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T211 15704-15706 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T212 15707-15709 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T213 15720-15722 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T214 15894-15905 Chemical denotes metabolites http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212
T215 15915-15922 Chemical denotes lactate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24996
T216 15924-15936 Chemical denotes nicotinamide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17154
T217 15938-15946 Chemical denotes glycerol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17754
T218 15951-15958 Chemical denotes formate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15740|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52343
T220 16216-16218 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T221 16219-16221 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T222 16383-16385 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T223 16386-16388 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T224 16536-16542 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T225 16626-16643 Chemical denotes chemical compound http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37577
T226 17031-17037 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T227 18077-18086 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T228 18165-18176 Chemical denotes gemcitabine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_175901
T229 18177-18188 Chemical denotes carboplatin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31355
T230 18190-18192 Chemical denotes GC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73890
T231 18300-18314 Chemical denotes anthracyclines http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48120|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49322
T233 18443-18445 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T234 18511-18513 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T235 18514-18516 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T236 18535-18537 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T237 18552-18554 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T238 18585-18596 Chemical denotes metabolites http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212
T239 18633-18644 Chemical denotes gemcitabine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_175901
T240 18645-18656 Chemical denotes carboplatin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31355
T241 18790-18792 Chemical denotes PR http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73645
T242 18811-18813 Chemical denotes SD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74807
T243 18840-18842 Chemical denotes PD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74756
T244 18997-19004 Chemical denotes acetate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30089|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47622
T246 19228-19230 Chemical denotes GC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73890
T247 19281-19283 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T248 19583-19589 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T249 19603-19605 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T250 19613-19615 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T251 19691-19697 Chemical denotes proton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24636
T252 19746-19750 Chemical denotes atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T253 19777-19779 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T254 19863-19870 Chemical denotes nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T255 19874-19876 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T256 19900-19907 Chemical denotes nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T257 20006-20010 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T258 20027-20032 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T259 20060-20066 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T261 20067-20072 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T262 20169-20171 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T263 20352-20361 Chemical denotes cisplatin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27899
T264 20589-20591 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T265 20612-20614 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T266 20743-20748 Chemical denotes lipid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059
T267 20749-20760 Chemical denotes metabolites http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212
T268 20855-20863 Chemical denotes pyruvate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15361
T269 20895-20904 Chemical denotes cisplatin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27899
T270 20959-20964 Chemical denotes lipid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059
T271 20965-20975 Chemical denotes metabolite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212
T272 21055-21064 Chemical denotes cisplatin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27899
T273 21146-21155 Chemical denotes cisplatin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27899
T274 21201-21203 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T275 21300-21306 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T276 21314-21316 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T277 21336-21342 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T278 21542-21548 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T279 21604-21612 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T280 21626-21637 Chemical denotes metabolites http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212
T281 21675-21677 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T282 21855-21861 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T283 22048-22057 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T284 22061-22065 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T285 22311-22319 Chemical denotes medicine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T286 22438-22443 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T287 22445-22447 Chemical denotes LD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74332
T288 22478-22483 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T289 22485-22487 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T290 22517-22522 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T291 22524-22526 Chemical denotes HD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73925
T292 22560-22565 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T293 22849-22851 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T294 22913-22922 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T295 22960-22962 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T296 22963-22965 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T297 22972-22974 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T298 22989-22991 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T299 23010-23019 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T300 23103-23114 Chemical denotes metabolites http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212
T301 23198-23208 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T302 23198-23203 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T303 23204-23208 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T304 23225-23230 Chemical denotes lipid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059
T305 23457-23459 Chemical denotes RF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73818
T306 23507-23518 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T307 23528-23530 Chemical denotes RF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73818
T308 23977-23979 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T310 24136-24138 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T312 24249-24251 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T314 24429-24431 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T316 24587-24594 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T317 24644-24652 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T318 24983-24989 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T319 25032-25038 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T320 25190-25197 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T321 25388-25396 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T322 25421-25429 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T323 25529-25536 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T324 25590-25597 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T325 25767-25776 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T326 25780-25787 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T327 25792-25795 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T328 25875-25879 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T329 26046-26053 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T330 26067-26072 Chemical denotes FK506 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61049
T331 26081-26088 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T332 26188-26190 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T333 26350-26361 Chemical denotes metabolites http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212
T334 26461-26468 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T335 26573-26581 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T336 26593-26595 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T338 26765-26776 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T339 26786-26788 Chemical denotes RF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73818
T340 27483-27485 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T342 27518-27524 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T343 27632-27638 Chemical denotes proton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24636
T344 27736-27742 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T345 28031-28033 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T347 28114-28116 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T349 28118-28120 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T351 28300-28302 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T353 28319-28326 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T354 28389-28397 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T355 28403-28405 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T357 28422-28431 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T358 28476-28485 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T359 28493-28501 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T360 28518-28532 Chemical denotes macromolecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33839
T361 28576-28583 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T362 28617-28619 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T364 28644-28651 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T365 28697-28704 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T366 28964-28966 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T368 29001-29008 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T369 29086-29093 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T370 29115-29122 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T371 29183-29185 Chemical denotes T2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710
T373 29270-29274 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T374 29494-29501 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T375 29721-29726 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T376 29740-29744 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T377 29833-29837 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T378 30007-30012 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T379 30053-30057 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T380 30097-30104 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T381 30206-30214 Chemical denotes solvents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
56 816-820 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
57 662-666 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
60 2359-2363 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
64 3158-3162 Gene denotes high Gene:104137
65 3013-3016 Chemical denotes D2O
77 4548-4552 Gene denotes high Gene:104137
78 4338-4342 Gene denotes high Gene:104137
79 3981-3985 Gene denotes high Gene:104137
80 4465-4467 Chemical denotes 1H
81 4601-4609 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
82 4846-4848 Chemical denotes 1D
83 4849-4851 Chemical denotes 1H
84 4871-4874 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
85 4883-4886 Chemical denotes 15N
86 4896-4898 Chemical denotes 1D
87 4899-4902 Chemical denotes 31P
89 4996-5001 Chemical denotes 1D 1H
115 6366-6370 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
116 5010-5012 Chemical denotes 1H
117 5013-5021 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
118 5093-5100 Chemical denotes tritium MESH:D014316
119 5223-5225 Chemical denotes 1D
120 5226-5228 Chemical denotes 1H
121 5360-5362 Chemical denotes 1H
122 5576-5581 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
123 5783-5788 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
124 5841-5846 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
125 6216-6221 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
126 6246-6254 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
127 6260-6263 Chemical denotes H2O
128 6407-6412 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
129 6568-6573 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
130 6938-6943 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
131 6965-6970 Chemical denotes WATER MESH:D014867
132 7154-7159 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
133 7263-7268 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
134 7438-7443 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
135 7583-7588 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
136 7812-7814 Chemical denotes 1H
137 7941-7943 Chemical denotes 1H
138 8042-8045 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
139 8047-8050 Chemical denotes 15N
141 8096-8102 Chemical denotes 1D 13C
167 8121-8123 Chemical denotes 1H
168 8125-8128 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
169 8218-8221 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
170 8298-8300 Chemical denotes 1H
171 8315-8318 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
172 8750-8756 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
173 8878-8881 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
174 9021-9023 Chemical denotes 1H
175 9028-9031 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
176 9240-9242 Chemical denotes 1H
177 9250-9253 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
178 9277-9279 Chemical denotes 1H
179 9339-9347 Chemical denotes naringin MESH:C005274
180 9349-9356 Chemical denotes sucrose MESH:D013395
181 9364-9371 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
182 9380-9383 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
183 9454-9462 Chemical denotes naringin MESH:C005274
184 9464-9477 Chemical denotes neohesperidin MESH:C546526
185 9488-9495 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
186 9497-9504 Chemical denotes sucrose MESH:D013395
187 9506-9514 Chemical denotes limonene MESH:D000077222
188 9516-9525 Chemical denotes narirutin MESH:C500601
189 9531-9541 Chemical denotes synephrine MESH:D013578
190 9577-9580 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
191 9683-9685 Chemical denotes 1H
193 9713-9719 Chemical denotes 1D 15N
206 10446-10450 Gene denotes a 2D Gene:11273
207 9763-9766 Chemical denotes 15N
208 9811-9814 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
209 9840-9842 Chemical denotes 1H
210 9993-9995 Chemical denotes 1H
211 10013-10016 Chemical denotes 15N
212 10075-10077 Chemical denotes 1H
213 10115-10118 Chemical denotes 15N
214 10133-10135 Chemical denotes 1H
215 10233-10236 Chemical denotes 15N
216 10257-10260 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
217 10392-10408 Chemical denotes 15N-ethanolamine
219 11180-11186 Chemical denotes 1D 31P
232 11948-11955 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
233 12073-12080 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
234 11281-11283 Chemical denotes 1H
235 11304-11314 Chemical denotes phosphorus MESH:D010758
236 11431-11434 Chemical denotes 31P
237 11525-11535 Chemical denotes phosphorus MESH:D010758
238 11552-11555 Chemical denotes 31P
239 11613-11625 Chemical denotes phospholipid MESH:D010743
240 11638-11641 Chemical denotes ATP MESH:D000255
241 11643-11647 Chemical denotes NADP MESH:D009249
242 12094-12104 Chemical denotes ampicillin MESH:D000667
243 12422-12432 Chemical denotes phosphorus MESH:D010758
251 12543-12546 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
252 12551-12554 Chemical denotes 15N
253 12663-12707 Chemical denotes 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyldioxaphospholane MESH:C548759
254 12709-12714 Chemical denotes CTMDP MESH:C548759
255 12740-12746 Chemical denotes lipids MESH:D008055
256 12768-12776 Chemical denotes aldehyde MESH:D000447
257 12782-12790 Chemical denotes carboxyl
261 13701-13706 Gene denotes 2.2.1 Gene:54097
262 13711-13713 Chemical denotes 1H
263 13714-13716 Chemical denotes 1H
282 15547-15551 Species denotes rats Tax:10116
283 15788-15792 Species denotes rats Tax:10116
284 13851-13853 Chemical denotes 1H
285 13854-13856 Chemical denotes 1H
286 14385-14387 Chemical denotes 1H
287 14392-14398 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
288 14415-14421 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
289 15672-15674 Chemical denotes 1H
290 15685-15687 Chemical denotes 1H
291 15704-15706 Chemical denotes 1H
292 15707-15709 Chemical denotes 1H
293 15720-15722 Chemical denotes 1H
294 15723-15726 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
295 15915-15922 Chemical denotes lactate MESH:D019344
296 15924-15936 Chemical denotes nicotinamide MESH:D009536
297 15938-15946 Chemical denotes glycerol MESH:D005990
298 15951-15958 Chemical denotes formate MESH:C030544
299 15530-15546 Disease denotes blood deficiency MESH:D007022
302 16216-16218 Chemical denotes 1H
303 16219-16221 Chemical denotes 1H
337 17695-17699 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
338 17657-17661 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
339 16992-16996 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
340 16609-16613 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
341 18210-18218 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
342 18388-18396 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
343 18658-18666 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
344 19022-19030 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
345 19197-19205 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
346 16383-16385 Chemical denotes 1H
347 16386-16388 Chemical denotes 1H
348 18165-18176 Chemical denotes gemcitabine MESH:C056507
349 18177-18188 Chemical denotes carboplatin MESH:D016190
350 18190-18192 Chemical denotes GC
351 18300-18314 Chemical denotes anthracyclines MESH:D018943
352 18319-18326 Chemical denotes taxanes MESH:D043823
353 18443-18445 Chemical denotes 1H
354 18511-18513 Chemical denotes 1H
355 18514-18516 Chemical denotes 1H
356 18525-18527 Chemical denotes 1H
357 18535-18537 Chemical denotes 1H
358 18538-18541 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
359 18552-18554 Chemical denotes 1H
360 18555-18558 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
361 18633-18644 Chemical denotes gemcitabine MESH:C056507
362 18645-18656 Chemical denotes carboplatin MESH:D016190
363 18997-19004 Chemical denotes acetate MESH:D000085
364 16323-16329 Disease denotes HOHAHA
365 18235-18248 Disease denotes breast cancer MESH:D001943
366 18811-18813 Disease denotes SD MESH:D029461
367 18819-18838 Disease denotes progressive disease MESH:D018450
368 18840-18842 Disease denotes PD MESH:D010300
369 19008-19021 Disease denotes breast cancer MESH:D001943
372 19281-19283 Chemical denotes 1H
373 19284-19287 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
391 19428-19431 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
392 19496-19499 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
393 19603-19605 Chemical denotes 1H
394 19606-19609 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
395 19613-19615 Chemical denotes 1H
396 19616-19619 Chemical denotes 15N
397 19777-19779 Chemical denotes 1H
398 19780-19783 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
399 19784-19787 Chemical denotes 15N
400 19874-19876 Chemical denotes 1H
401 19911-19914 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
402 19915-19918 Chemical denotes 15N
403 20060-20066 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
404 20105-20108 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
405 20169-20171 Chemical denotes 1H
406 20175-20178 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
407 20242-20245 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
425 20680-20685 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
426 20352-20361 Chemical denotes cisplatin MESH:D002945
427 20556-20562 Chemical denotes Ptac2S
428 20589-20591 Chemical denotes 1H
429 20592-20595 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
430 20612-20614 Chemical denotes 1H
431 20743-20748 Chemical denotes lipid MESH:D008055
432 20834-20840 Chemical denotes Ptac2S
433 20855-20863 Chemical denotes pyruvate MESH:D019289
434 20895-20904 Chemical denotes cisplatin MESH:D002945
435 20959-20964 Chemical denotes lipid MESH:D008055
436 21025-21031 Chemical denotes Ptac2S
437 21055-21064 Chemical denotes cisplatin MESH:D002945
438 21119-21125 Chemical denotes Ptac2S
439 21146-21155 Chemical denotes cisplatin MESH:D002945
440 20332-20344 Disease denotes cytotoxicity MESH:D064420
441 20372-20400 Disease denotes epithelial ovarian carcinoma MESH:D010051
444 21201-21203 Chemical denotes 1H
445 21205-21208 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
449 21314-21316 Chemical denotes 1H
450 21350-21353 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
451 21675-21677 Chemical denotes 1H
467 23086-23090 Gene denotes pill Gene:8319132
468 22507-22511 Gene denotes high Gene:104137
469 22223-22227 Species denotes rats Tax:10116
470 22340-22344 Species denotes rats Tax:10116
471 22629-22632 Species denotes rat Tax:10116
472 22283-22287 Gene denotes pill Gene:8319132
473 22849-22851 Chemical denotes 1H
474 22960-22962 Chemical denotes 1H
475 22963-22965 Chemical denotes 1H
476 22972-22974 Chemical denotes 1H
477 22975-22978 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
478 22989-22991 Chemical denotes 1H
479 22992-22995 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
480 23225-23230 Chemical denotes lipid MESH:D008055
481 22524-22526 Disease denotes HD MESH:D006816
485 24196-24200 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
486 24191-24195 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
487 24023-24027 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
495 25901-25903 Chemical denotes 1D
496 25908-25910 Chemical denotes 2D
497 25993-25995 Chemical denotes 1D
498 26067-26072 Chemical denotes FK506 MESH:D016559
499 26188-26190 Chemical denotes 1H
500 26457-26460 Chemical denotes 15N
501 26516-26519 Chemical denotes 15N
503 26638-26642 Gene denotes Carr Gene:407
508 27349-27353 Gene denotes Carr Gene:407
509 26852-26856 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
510 27555-27558 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
511 27603-27606 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
514 28548-28552 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
515 28543-28547 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
518 30131-30135 Gene denotes high Gene:104137
519 29467-29470 Chemical denotes 15N

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T41226 2284-2292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T32700 2443-2451 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T6950 6280-6288 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T20318 11613-11636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006644 denotes phospholipid metabolism
T95169 11626-11636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 denotes metabolism
T97670 13063-13073 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 denotes metabolism
T44461 16010-16020 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 denotes metabolism
T28937 18153-18176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0036272 denotes response to gemcitabine
T71924 23186-23196 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 denotes metabolism
T68745 23209-23219 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 denotes metabolism
T3745 23225-23241 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006629 denotes lipid metabolism
T18679 23231-23241 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 denotes metabolism
T93601 23420-23429 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes in signal
T97672 29494-29509 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006605 denotes protein targets

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T5 18235-18248 Phenotype denotes breast cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003002
T6 19008-19021 Phenotype denotes breast cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003002
T7 20383-20400 Phenotype denotes ovarian carcinoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025318

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T55 0-2 Sentence denotes 2.
T56 3-38 Sentence denotes An Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy
T57 39-176 Sentence denotes NMR is a versatile tool for studying biomolecules of all kinds and is a unique regarding the biophysical analysis of drugs [72,73,74,75].
T58 177-422 Sentence denotes The basic feature of NMR lies in the fact that it inductively detects the Larmor precession of individual nuclei (i.e., spins) which vary because of different atomic, electronic, and chemical environments (i.e., structural atomic relationships).
T59 423-507 Sentence denotes Initially, the sample is placed in a strong, static, and homogeneous magnetic field.
T60 508-614 Sentence denotes Because spins contain angular momentum, they exhibit Larmor precessions around this static magnetic field.
T61 615-782 Sentence denotes A net magnetization builds up over time as the spin population (represented by different energy levels) is minutely differential in the presence of the magnetic field.
T62 783-925 Sentence denotes These levels are dictated by the spin quantum number and can be roughly thought of as different orientations with respect to the static field.
T63 926-1142 Sentence denotes Subsequently, induced electromagnetic fields at radiofrequencies (called RF pulses) are applied transverse to the plane of the static magnetic field, and the net or bulk magnetization undergoes an effective rotation.
T64 1143-1322 Sentence denotes The bulk coherence moves into the transverse plane and the subsequent coherently precessing magnetization vectors induce a detectable alternating voltage in the NMR receiver coil.
T65 1323-1464 Sentence denotes This tiny alternating voltage is amplified and converted from an analog time domain signal to a frequency reading via Fourier transformation.
T66 1465-1695 Sentence denotes These signals are recorded in response to the induced radio-wave pulses (Figure 2) and are representative of the Larmor frequencies that are converted into normalized values termed chemical shifts in order to be field independent.
T67 1696-1907 Sentence denotes This is the final, representative spectroscopic signature of the chemical and magnetic environment of the atom, and it provides detailed atomic resolution information about the molecular structure [76,77,78,79].
T68 1908-2084 Sentence denotes A wealth of information can be derived from the NMR signal made up components such as the chemical shift position, signal linewidth, and observed couplings/multiplet structure.
T69 2085-2310 Sentence denotes The signal contains precise details about the chemical environment of the involved and interacting spins in the structure of the molecule, dynamics of the spins in various timescales, conformational exchange, etc. [80,81,82].
T70 2311-2380 Sentence denotes Any change in the environment of the associated spin can be observed.
T71 2381-2498 Sentence denotes These changes include molecular binding, interactions, and/or exchange between different conformations [20,83,84,85].
T72 2499-2793 Sentence denotes Thus, NMR has been used to study a wide range of functional molecules such as natural products [86,87,88], saccharides [89,90], metabolites [91,92], DNA [93,94], and proteins [95], and its use as an analytical tool in drug design research has increased immensely in recent years (see Figure 1).
T73 2794-2874 Sentence denotes As NMR is non-destructive in nature, the same sample can be analyzed repeatedly.
T74 2875-3148 Sentence denotes NMR can be performed first and then submitted to mass spectrometry (MS); however, the addition of common deuterated NMR solvents (such as D2O) can perturb MS results and should be avoided (e.g., tube-in-tube or by using non-deuterated solvent and running the NMR unlocked).
T75 3149-3333 Sentence denotes In fact, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ion-trap MS and NMR have been combined to detect the effects of drugs demonstration in urine and blood serum samples [69,96,97].
T76 3334-3513 Sentence denotes Corcoran and Spraul [98] emphasize that liquid chromatography (LC), MS, and NMR utilized in parallel give comprehensive structural data on molecules of novel drugs in development.
T77 3514-3683 Sentence denotes In the following subsections we briefly describe NMR methods that have been used in drug design, and then discuss how NMR principles are used in drug discovery research.
T78 3685-3689 Sentence denotes 2.1.
T79 3690-3722 Sentence denotes One Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy
T80 3723-3822 Sentence denotes The one-dimensional (1D) experiment is by far the most common NMR experiment used for drug studies.
T81 3823-4005 Sentence denotes The 1D acquisition takes the least amount of time, has one of the simplest hardware requirements, and therefore, in most cases, 1D-NMR is more attractive for high throughput studies.
T82 4006-4179 Sentence denotes One dimensional NMR spectroscopy normally incorporates a preparation period, some form of induced excitation to form coherence, and lastly, a signal “read” detection period.
T83 4180-4291 Sentence denotes The preparation period can be modified according to the needs of the experiment or the specifics of the sample.
T84 4292-4461 Sentence denotes Simple 1D NMR is capable of rapidly producing high-quality spectra of drugs and their targets while revealing how the drugs and targets may interact at the atomic level.
T85 4462-4669 Sentence denotes 1D 1H-NMR is extremely effective in drug design studies because it has a (relatively) high sensitivity, it is non-destructive, and because hydrogen atoms are extremely abundant in most molecules of interest.
T86 4670-4835 Sentence denotes Therefore the resulting spectra usually contains a large amount of relevant information and this wealth of data can be acquired in a relatively short period of time.
T87 4836-4987 Sentence denotes The basic 1D 1H-NMR, along with 1D 13C-NMR, 1D 15N-NMR, and 1D 31P-NMR, and their respective uses in drug design/discovery are briefly discussed below.
T88 4989-4995 Sentence denotes 2.1.1.
T89 4996-5005 Sentence denotes 1D 1H-NMR
T90 5006-5207 Sentence denotes The 1H hydrogen isotope is NMR visible, has the highest gyromagnetic ratio (apart from tritium) of all of NMR active nuclei, and is combined with a vast natural abundance in organic chemical compounds.
T91 5208-5283 Sentence denotes This makes the 1D-1H-NMR experiment the most commonly applied NMR approach.
T92 5284-5476 Sentence denotes Moreover, many software databases [99,100,101,102] are well established for 1H-NMR spectra therefore assisting with processing, analyzing, and identifying the detected molecules automatically.
T93 5477-5644 Sentence denotes Since almost all drug discovery and drug development studies are performed on samples dissolved in water, many different solvent suppression methods have been applied.
T94 5645-5688 Sentence denotes The most common is presaturation [103,104].
T95 5689-5789 Sentence denotes The key point of this method is to use a low power induced field at the specific frequency of water.
T96 5790-5857 Sentence denotes This effectively averages out any coherence of the water resonance.
T97 5858-6107 Sentence denotes The experiment is simple for common hardware to perform and easy to set up; however, presaturation has a substantial disadvantage in that signals resonating close to the solvent signal will show decreased intensity [103,104] or may be lost entirely.
T98 6108-6229 Sentence denotes This is due to the fact the even selective pulses or very low power pulses also excite some area around the water signal.
T99 6230-6402 Sentence denotes Also suppressed hydrogen from H2O in solution can exchange with atoms of interest in the molecule and effectively bleed the suppressive spin state to any neighboring atoms.
T100 6403-6555 Sentence denotes The water signal itself is usually broad, so a wider area of suppression is not necessarily undesirable but affects more of the molecule(s) of interest.
T101 6556-6689 Sentence denotes More recent water suppression techniques have been developed such as those based on a scheme known as excitation sculpting [105,106].
T102 6690-6863 Sentence denotes The basic pulse sequence consists of a double pulsed field gradient echo (DPFGE) in each of which a selective component pulse is flanked by two pulsed field gradients [107].
T103 6864-6922 Sentence denotes The particular elements differ for different applications.
T104 6923-7235 Sentence denotes In the case of water suppression known as WATER suppression by GrAdient Tailored Excitation (WATERGATE), this involves an initial encoding gradient along with the middle element; a combination of two selective 90° rotations on the water along with a central non-selective 180° excitation of all resonances [108].
T105 7236-7366 Sentence denotes This is predicated in that water experiences a 360° rotation (effectively nothing) while all other spins experience 180° rotation.
T106 7367-7477 Sentence denotes The application of the second refocusing gradient does not rephase the water and therefore removes the signal.
T107 7478-7566 Sentence denotes The reader is referred to the detailed literature [103,104,109] for further information.
T108 7567-7802 Sentence denotes In principle, a water suppression element (or many elements combined) can be incorporated in any existing pulse sequence to enhance the performance, and it has been implemented in various 1D, 2D, and triple resonance 3D/4D experiments.
T109 7803-7981 Sentence denotes Although 1H is the most sensitive nucleus for NMR yielding strong, sharp signals within a few minutes [110], chemical shift dispersion of 1H is quite narrow (only around 10 ppm).
T110 7982-8087 Sentence denotes This has prompted the consideration of other nuclei such as 13C, 15N, or 31P for resolution improvements.
T111 8089-8095 Sentence denotes 2.1.2.
T112 8096-8106 Sentence denotes 1D 13C-NMR
T113 8107-8236 Sentence denotes Compared with 1H, 13C has a much higher chemical shift dispersion (~200 ppm), however the natural abundance of 13C is low (1.1%).
T114 8237-8401 Sentence denotes Additionally, the gyromagnetic ratio is ~4 times weaker than 1H and therefore 13C spectra are far more difficult to obtain especially for less concentrated samples.
T115 8402-8863 Sentence denotes There are some polarization transfer techniques such as Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT) or Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT), which can enhance signal intensity by starting the magnetization on a higher sensitivity and abundance proton and then transferring magnetization to the less sensitive carbon nuclei for subsequent direct detection [111], but this requires additional hardware and acquisition times.
T116 8864-8947 Sentence denotes The use of 1D 13C in drug design studies was illustrated by Tsujimoto et al. [112].
T117 8948-9095 Sentence denotes The goal of the study was to examine if a metabolomics approach based on 1H and 13C offers significant improvements when comparing potential drugs.
T118 9096-9270 Sentence denotes The authors prepared a total of 40 samples with five different citrus-type crude drugs (kijitsu, tohi, chimpi, kippi and seihi) and measured 1D 1H and 1D 13C for each sample.
T119 9271-9543 Sentence denotes While 1H-NMR spectra allowed the identification of three compounds (naringin, sucrose, and β-glucose), using 13C-NMR allowed unambiguous identification of eight additional compounds (naringin, neohesperidin, α- and β-glucose, sucrose, limonene, narirutin, and synephrine).
T120 9544-9704 Sentence denotes The added signal resolution from 13C-NMR spectra allowed researchers to obtain better structural information about the compounds than from 1H-NMR spectra alone.
T121 9706-9712 Sentence denotes 2.1.3.
T122 9713-9723 Sentence denotes 1D 15N-NMR
T123 9724-9843 Sentence denotes In comparison to the previous example, 15N has a lower shift dispersion (~100ppm) than 13C, but higher than that of 1H.
T124 9844-9996 Sentence denotes Here, the situation is unfortunately severely limited due to an even lower natural abundance (0.37%) and a gyromagnetic ratio ~10 times smaller than 1H.
T125 9997-10078 Sentence denotes This means that 15N’s combined sensitivity is around 260,000 times lower than 1H.
T126 10079-10245 Sentence denotes As a result, isotopic enrichment of 15N combined with 1H-mediated enhancement via indirect detection is often needed in order to obtain a satisfactory 1D 15N spectra.
T127 10246-10323 Sentence denotes Similar to 13C, a few methods are available to overcome such low sensitivity.
T128 10324-10498 Sentence denotes One of them focuses on tagging molecules with carboxyl groups using 15N-ethanolamine and later detecting the signal using a 2D heteronuclear correlation NMR experiment [113].
T129 10499-10586 Sentence denotes Currently, novel approaches such as “smart isotope labeling” have been developed [114].
T130 10587-10846 Sentence denotes Also, the SOFAST (Band-Selective Optimized Flip Angle Short Transient) technique can help but results in substantial hardware considerations/drawbacks and often increased concentrations, and/or dramatically longer experiments are still required [115,116,117].
T131 10847-10884 Sentence denotes Promising methods are on the horizon.
T132 10885-11171 Sentence denotes These methods include 15N heteronuclear signal enhancement via Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH); however, more work and research are required before such methods can be applied for biomedical purposes [118].
T133 11173-11179 Sentence denotes 2.1.4.
T134 11180-11190 Sentence denotes 1D 31P-NMR
T135 11191-11402 Sentence denotes With a natural abundance of 100% and a gyromagnetic ratio of about 2.5 times smaller than 1H, one may think that phosphorus could be broadly used for NMR experiments regarding the drug discovery and development.
T136 11403-11541 Sentence denotes However, the application of 31P is limited due to the fact that most of the molecules of interest simply do not contain a phosphorus atom.
T137 11542-11705 Sentence denotes Therefore 31P-NMR is usually applicable for studies related to energy, phospholipid metabolism (ATP, NADP), and/or characterization of changes in DNA [94,119,120].
T138 11706-11884 Sentence denotes For example, Overall et al. conducted an experiment in which they showed that 31P solid-state NMR can be used for quantitative analysis of DNA dynamics within live bacteria [94].
T139 11885-12046 Sentence denotes For that, the researchers first prepared untreated cultures of E. coli, and measured them using a Hartmann-Hahn 1H to 31P cross-polarization (31P CP) experiment.
T140 12047-12152 Sentence denotes Afterwards, they measured E. coli treated with ampicillin and maculatin 1.1 (Mac1.1) in a similar manner.
T141 12153-12457 Sentence denotes Spectra obtained from treated bacteria compared to those obtained from untreated bacteria showed alterations in the lineshape, reduced signal intensity at the spectrum’s edges, and a shift in spectral density towards 0 ppm which indicated the increased dynamics of the phosphorus from nucleic acids [94].
T142 12458-12534 Sentence denotes Over time, several innovations have been applied to expand the usage of 31P.
T143 12535-12636 Sentence denotes Like in 13C and 15N labeling of specific biological compounds, incorporation of 31P can also be used.
T144 12637-12854 Sentence denotes In order to achieve that, 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyldioxaphospholane (CTMDP) can be used for tagging lipids containing hydroxyl, aldehyde, and carboxyl groups that can later be detected with better resolution [121].
T145 12855-12996 Sentence denotes Another fairly recent method enables toxicological screening of 31P in living cells for several hours without affecting cell viability [122].
T146 12997-13154 Sentence denotes This specific method can be used to observe the changes in energy metabolism in real-time while enabling the evaluation of the effects of administered drugs.
T147 13156-13160 Sentence denotes 2.2.
T148 13161-13195 Sentence denotes Multi-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy
T149 13196-13369 Sentence denotes NMR experiments are not limited to one-dimensional direct acquisition; they can be extended to multidimensional methods including 2D, 3D, 4D, and even higher dimensionality.
T150 13370-13481 Sentence denotes The focus of this section is common 2D NMR experiments that have been used in drug design and drug development.
T151 13482-13699 Sentence denotes A brief description of Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY), Total Correlation Spectroscopy (TOCSY), and Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC), along with their uses in drug design and discovery will be presented.
T152 13701-13707 Sentence denotes 2.2.1.
T153 13708-13721 Sentence denotes 2D 1H,1H-COSY
T154 13722-13799 Sentence denotes COSY is one of the simplest and most frequently used 2D NMR experiment [123].
T155 13800-13900 Sentence denotes It shows the homonuclear coupling of nuclei (i.e., 1H-1H) separated by up to several covalent bonds.
T156 13901-14104 Sentence denotes The pulse sequence consists of a 90° excitation pulse followed by a specific evolution time (t1), a second pulse, and finally a measurement period (t2, not to be confused with relaxation rates or times).
T157 14105-14280 Sentence denotes The second pulse can be 90° or 45° or 135°, depending upon the specific requirements, and respectively yield COSY [124], COSY-45 or COSY-135 functionality (see [125,126,127]).
T158 14281-14449 Sentence denotes A two-dimensional Fourier Transform (FT) yields the final spectra and shows the frequencies for proton (1H) or carbon (in the case of carbon detection) along both axes.
T159 14450-14669 Sentence denotes There are two types of peaks; (I) Diagonal peaks, which represent the peaks of the conventional 1D spectra, and (II) cross-peaks, which have different values in the two frequency axes and are therefore off the diagonal.
T160 14670-14839 Sentence denotes These off diagonal cross-peaks are the most important pieces of information as they mark correlations between pairs of nuclei due to through bond magnetization transfer.
T161 14840-14999 Sentence denotes This helps in identifying which atoms are connected [128], critical for structural elucidation of both known molecules and unknown molecules in solution [129].
T162 15000-15192 Sentence denotes By implementing phase-cycling [130,131], it is also possible to distinguish different types of coupling and yields further helpful information about the chemical structure of a molecule [132].
T163 15193-15286 Sentence denotes As an example, the use of the COSY experiment was presented in the work of Zheng et al. [88].
T164 15287-15498 Sentence denotes The main goal of their work was to investigate potential biological differences and compare the pharmacological effects between Danggui (an herbal drug used in traditional Chinese medicine) and European Danggui.
T165 15499-15633 Sentence denotes For that, Zheng et al. treated blood deficiency rats with Danggui and European Danggui and collected samples of their serum and urine.
T166 15634-15793 Sentence denotes The samples were later measured using 1H-CPMG-NMR, 1H-NOESYPRESAT-1D, 1H,1H-COSY, and 1H,13C-HSQC, and then compared to equivalent spectra from untreated rats.
T167 15794-16030 Sentence denotes The results showed that exposure to Danggui and European Danggui altered the levels of 18 different metabolites, such as lactate, nicotinamide, glycerol and formate, which were involved in a total of seven different metabolism pathways.
T168 16031-16204 Sentence denotes Additionally, it was proven that Danggui and European Danggui have different chemical compositions, with Danggui having better blood-enriching effects than European Danggui.
T169 16206-16212 Sentence denotes 2.2.2.
T170 16213-16227 Sentence denotes 2D 1H,1H-TOCSY
T171 16228-16405 Sentence denotes Total Correlation Spectroscopy (TOCSY) also originally known as the Homonuclear Hartmann Hahn (HOHAHA) experiment can be considered an extension of the 2D 1H,1H-COSY experiment.
T172 16406-16644 Sentence denotes The difference between the two experiments is that a TOCSY experiment will show multiple cross-peaks including indirectly coupled nuclei (i.e., longer range via scalar coupling) throughout the J-coupled spin system of a chemical compound.
T173 16645-16804 Sentence denotes The basic pulse sequence of the TOCSY consists of excitation by a 90° pulse, followed by a free variable evolution period which encodes the indirect dimension.
T174 16805-16934 Sentence denotes This is normally followed by an isotropic mixing sequence to transfer magnetization between spins via the strong scalar coupling.
T175 16935-17061 Sentence denotes The mixing generates in-phase magnetization throughout a spin coupled network of the associated nuclei during the mixing time.
T176 17062-17102 Sentence denotes Lastly, a direct detection is performed.
T177 17103-17338 Sentence denotes A major advantage of the TOCSY experiment is that it detects in-phase magnetization (i.e., pure absorptive line-shape) which is far easier to analyze compared to the anti-phase information in the phase sensitivity COSY-type experiment.
T178 17339-17584 Sentence denotes The isotropic mixing is usually performed using a composite pulse scheme such as WALTZ, MLEV or DIPSI [133,134] pulse train, and can be sandwiched between two z-filters [135] where isotropic mixing is performed on the longitudinal magnetization.
T179 17585-17715 Sentence denotes The most obvious advantage of TOCSY is that all cross-peaks of the same spin system can be observed for whole spin system at once.
T180 17716-17828 Sentence denotes This is useful for identifying the complete network of spins and reducing the ambiguity of any spectral overlap.
T181 17829-17992 Sentence denotes The TOCSY experiment can be produced as 1D with a relatively shorter time and easier analysis compared to 2D but lacks the benefit of multi-dimensional resolution.
T182 17993-18101 Sentence denotes The 2D TOCSY is usually done to resolve spectra overlap [50] when first identifying molecules [136,137,138].
T183 18102-18333 Sentence denotes For example, Jiang et al. used this to predict the response to gemcitabine-carboplatin (GC) chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer who were previously exposed to treatment with both anthracyclines and taxanes [137].
T184 18334-18450 Sentence denotes For that, researchers collected serum samples from 29 patients prior to treatment and measured them using 1D 1H-NMR.
T185 18451-18597 Sentence denotes Additionally, they conducted 2D NMR experiments such as the 1H,1H-COSY, 1,1H-TOCSY, 1H,13C-HSQC, and 1H,13C-HMBC to help assign serum metabolites.
T186 18598-18844 Sentence denotes After receiving the treatment with gemcitabine-carboplatin, patients were divided into four groups based on the results from the computed tomography: complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), or progressive disease (PD).
T187 18845-19269 Sentence denotes After comparing NMR results prior to the treatment with the outcome of chemotherapy, the researchers observed lower baseline levels of serum format and acetate in breast cancer patients who progressed with the disease than in those who achieved a clinical benefit from therapy, indicating that those two biomarkers could be used to distinguish between patients who will benefit from GC treatment from those who do not [137].
T188 19271-19277 Sentence denotes 2.2.3.
T189 19278-19292 Sentence denotes 2D 1H,13C-HSQC
T190 19293-19529 Sentence denotes 2D- Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) experiments are commonly used to help resolve spectral overlap [139] while providing 13C information without the inherent sensitivity losses involved in 13C direct detection (see below).
T191 19530-19626 Sentence denotes HSQC shows the correlations between directly coupled nuclei [140], e.g., 1H-13C or 1H-15N [140].
T192 19627-19773 Sentence denotes As such, an HSQC spectrum will show clean peaks for each unique proton directly connected to the heteronuclear nuclear atom of interest [140,141].
T193 19774-19945 Sentence denotes In 1H,13C/15N HSQC experiments, the magnetization is transferred from the more sensitive nucleus (I:1H) to the less sensitive nucleus (S:13C/15N) [142,143,144] (Figure 3).
T194 19946-20135 Sentence denotes This is especially useful when applying NMR spectroscopy to drug design, as most drugs are organic (i.e., contain carbon atoms), and the relative abundance of 13C (1.1%) is quite low [143].
T195 20136-20264 Sentence denotes By transferring sensitivity from 1H to 13C, one can circumvent the long experimental time required for 1D 13C experiments [143].
T196 20265-20421 Sentence denotes For example, De Castro et al. [145] studied Ptac2S and its related cytotoxicity to the cisplatin-resistant epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC), Skov-3 cells.
T197 20422-20563 Sentence denotes In the study, they used NMR spectroscopy and multi-variate statistical analysis to observe how Skov-3 cells reacted to treatment with Ptac2S.
T198 20564-20792 Sentence denotes In particular, they used 1H,13C-HSQC along with 1H-COSY and Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC), and the Human Metabolome Database to assign the chemical shifts of the lipid metabolites present in the studied samples.
T199 20793-20905 Sentence denotes Interestingly, Skov-3 cells treated with Ptac2S produced more pyruvate than Skov-3 cells treated with cisplatin.
T200 20906-21065 Sentence denotes The authors also noticed an unexpected difference in lipid metabolite expression levels between the cells treated with Ptac2S and those treated with cisplatin.
T201 21066-21189 Sentence denotes These results provide a possible explanation for how Ptac2S is able to overcome cisplatin resistance in Skov-3 cells [145].
T202 21191-21197 Sentence denotes 2.2.4.
T203 21198-21213 Sentence denotes 2D 1H, 13C-HMBC
T204 21214-21431 Sentence denotes Heteronuclear 2D experiments are useful for transferring magnetization from sensitive nuclei (i.e., 1H) to less sensitive nuclei (i.e., 13C) [146] thereby reducing the time needed for the acquisition of spectra [147].
T205 21432-21549 Sentence denotes Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) will only show one cross peak for each coupled pair [92,128] of nuclei.
T206 21550-21730 Sentence denotes This makes HSQCs useful for assigning the backbone of proteins [148] and in metabolites of complex biofluids [149], whose 1D 1H-NMR spectra can suffer from severe spectral overlap.
T207 21731-21964 Sentence denotes The HMBC technique, while similar to HSQC, is an example of a heteronuclear 2D experiment that reveals correlations between nuclei separated by two or more chemical bonds while also suppressing one-bond correlations at the same time.
T208 21965-22101 Sentence denotes This experiment combined with HSQC is often used to assign NMR spectra for studied molecules in drug design experiments [65,66,137,145].
T209 22102-22320 Sentence denotes As an example, HMBC was used in a recent study by Xu et al. [66] to investigate the changes in the metabolic profiles of rats treated with different dosages of the “RenqingMangjue” pill, a traditional Tibetan medicine.
T210 22321-22571 Sentence denotes In this study, the rats were divided into four groups based on the amount of “RenqingMangjue” administered: low dose group (LD)-83.33 mg/kg/day, middle dose group (MD)-333.33 mg/kg/day, high dose group (HD)-1333.33 mg/kg/day and a control group (NC).
T211 22572-22816 Sentence denotes After 15 days of consecutive administration, half of the rat population was used to collect samples such as serum, kidney, and liver tissue, while the other half underwent an additional 15 days of recovery before the same samples were acquired.
T212 22817-23031 Sentence denotes The samples were measured using 1H-NMR CPMG (an experiment used to suppress signals from larger molecules, see below) [150,151,152] along with 1H,1H-COSY, 1H,13C-HSQC, and 1H,13C-HMBC used for molecules assignment.
T213 23032-23302 Sentence denotes The obtained spectra showed that the “RenqingMangjue” pill alters many metabolites, which are related to a variety of metabolic pathways including energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism indicating potentially harmful effects on kidneys and liver.
T214 23304-23310 Sentence denotes 2.2.5.
T215 23311-23345 Sentence denotes Relaxation-Edited NMR Spectroscopy
T216 23346-23500 Sentence denotes Relaxation in NMR is a phenomenon describing the time dependence involved in signal intensity after an induced RF (radiofrequency) pulse is applied [153].
T217 23501-23701 Sentence denotes After application of a 90° RF pulse, the bulk magnetization will move to the transverse (xy) plane and will gradually return to its original equilibrium position along the longitudinal (z) axis [154].
T218 23702-23769 Sentence denotes This process is described in Figure 4, and is termed T1 relaxation.
T219 23770-23889 Sentence denotes The details are beyond the scope of the manuscript and interested readers are directed to [155] and references therein.
T220 23890-23980 Sentence denotes Relaxation times for NMR are even more complicated and exist in two categories: T1 and T2.
T221 23981-24092 Sentence denotes T1 refers to the rate of longitudinal (or spin-lattice) Z-axis relaxation as the system returns to equilibrium.
T222 24093-24248 Sentence denotes A second component also contributes, i.e., T2 relaxation and refers to the rate of transverse (or spin-spin) relaxation [154] which occurs in the XY plane.
T223 24249-24364 Sentence denotes T2 is independent of the longitudinal relaxation (T1) and represents the loss of coherence in the precessing spins.
T224 24365-24504 Sentence denotes Therefore NMR relaxation spectroscopy can be based on T1 and/or T2 [156], and is collectively referred to as “relaxation edited NMR” [157].
T225 24505-24595 Sentence denotes T1-based methods typically measure and compare the T1 times of the free and bound ligands.
T226 24596-24818 Sentence denotes A common way to measure the T1 value of a small molecule is the inversion recovery experiment [158,159], although other experiments are also available such as ultrafast NMR T1 [160] and saturation inversion recovery [161].
T227 24819-24950 Sentence denotes In general, the shorter T1 the relaxation time the less intense the peak signal will be and the broader the signal linewidth [162].
T228 24951-25183 Sentence denotes The T1 values of free and bound ligand will differ depending on how strongly the ligand binds because molecular interactions with the target will influence the ligand’s molecular motion, and hence, its longitudinal relaxation [156].
T229 25184-25397 Sentence denotes Bound ligands will have smaller T1 values than in their free form because, overall, they will experience slower molecular motion upon interacting with a target [163] therefore behaving like a much larger molecule.
T230 25398-25577 Sentence denotes They can (depending on molecule size) also display a negative NOE difference spectrum (transferred NOE) [164], whereas non-binding ligands normally show small-positive NOEs [156].
T231 25578-25711 Sentence denotes For binding ligands to display negative NOEs, their T1 values must be comparatively longer than the 1/koff value of the target [156].
T232 25712-25849 Sentence denotes T1 relaxation times can be easily used to screen small molecules as ligands for DNA [165] and serve as a basis for HTS experiments [166].
T233 25850-26105 Sentence denotes An experiment related to drug design that utilized 1D and 2D relaxation edited NMR was done by Hajduk et al. [167] in which he and others used 1D and 2D relaxation edited NMR techniques to detect ligands that bind to FK506 binding protein and stromelysin.
T234 26106-26242 Sentence denotes One year earlier, Liu et al. [157] used relaxation edited one-and two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy to characterize biological fluids.
T235 26243-26378 Sentence denotes Tang et al. [168] extended this by applying relaxation edited NMR Spectroscopy to improve the detection of metabolites in blood plasma.
T236 26379-26588 Sentence denotes More recently, Jaremko et al. commented on available models used to interpret 15N protein relaxation data [169], and even used deficient 15N relaxation data to rapidly calculate the dynamics of proteins [170].
T237 26589-26698 Sentence denotes The T2 relaxation experiment relies on so-called Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) building blocks (Figure 5).
T238 26699-26757 Sentence denotes This pulse sequence is explained with the following steps:
T239 26758-26841 Sentence denotes First, application of a 90° RF pulse creates a transverse (xy plane) magnetization.
T240 26842-26938 Sentence denotes Second, a spin-echo period (delay-180°-delay block) is responsible for Mx/y magnetization decay.
T241 26939-26997 Sentence denotes This period is repeated “n’’ times (CPMG building blocks).
T242 26998-27248 Sentence denotes It is essential to point out that every NMR experiment involving a large number of pulses (e. g. due to the repeating building blocks) is likely to be sensitive to hardware restrictions and small miscalibrations of the duration of the applied pulses.
T243 27249-27444 Sentence denotes To attenuate the unwanted effects of miscalibrations, Meiboom and Gill modified the previously used Carr–Purcell sequence [171] by changing the phase of the applied 180° pulses from x to y [172].
T244 27445-27525 Sentence denotes This procedure can be used to measure T2 relaxation times of any type of nuclei.
T245 27526-27688 Sentence denotes For instance, in the case of 13C, all pulses and acquisitions are applied on 13C channel, while broadband proton decoupling is applied during all pulse sequences.
T246 27689-27749 Sentence denotes It works analogically for different NMR-active nuclei [173].
T247 27750-27936 Sentence denotes In a typical CPMG experiment, the effective transverse relaxation rate, R2,eff, is typically measured by fitting the signal decay as a function of a variable number of CPMG blocks [174].
T248 27937-28117 Sentence denotes The experimental half-height linewidth (d) of a given resonance signal is directly related to T2* (also called as ‘effective’ or “observed’’) by the following equation:(1) d=1π T2*
T249 28118-28299 Sentence denotes T2 represents the transverse relaxation times, and additional broadening comes from the magnetic field inhomogeneities (T2inh), which must be taken into account. (2) 1T2*=1T2+1T2inh
T250 28300-28398 Sentence denotes T2 measurements of ligands are also useful for determining the binding nature of a small molecule.
T251 28399-28569 Sentence denotes The T2 values of small molecules are quite large compared to those of bigger molecules (i.e., proteins) mostly because macromolecules have more spin-spin diffusion [175].
T252 28570-28780 Sentence denotes Bound ligands will, therefore, display shorter T2 values than non-binding ligands because they interact with the target (i.e., protein), adopting similar vibrational and rotational energies to the target [176].
T253 28781-28931 Sentence denotes This interaction is represented by the resonance line broadening in the binding ligand’s spectrum when a receptor is introduced into the sample [156].
T254 28932-29199 Sentence denotes Given the sizable difference of T2 values of binding and non-binding ligands, one can utilize 1D relaxation-edited experiments to distinguish the binding ligands from the non-binding ligands efficiently and effectively based on the differences in the T2 values [167].
T255 29200-29282 Sentence denotes These and other related relaxation edited experiments prove useful in drug design.
T256 29283-29529 Sentence denotes Relaxation edited NMR spectroscopy takes advantage of an inherent atomic property (i.e., the return of bulk magnetization back to equilibrium [177]), so no molecular enrichment (e.g., 15N isotopic enrichment of protein targets) is required [167].
T257 29530-29764 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the slow time scale of NMR relaxation allows the user to manipulate the external conditions (i.e., length and power of pulse) to increase the resolution of targets and potential drugs [155] in NMR drug design experiments.
T258 29765-29981 Sentence denotes However, this slow timescale also sets the lower limit at which NMR drug design experiments can be performed [155], meaning that any external manipulations cannot decrease experimental time below a certain threshold.
T259 29982-30048 Sentence denotes This varies based on the drugs and targets used in the experiment.
T260 30049-30295 Sentence denotes Low drug solubility is also a challenge, as the ligands must be at a sufficiently high concentration to allow detection via NMR, although the use of organic solvents has helped to attenuate this effect in relaxation edited NMR spectroscopy [156].
T261 30296-30387 Sentence denotes For examples of experiments that use different NMR techniques mentioned above, see Table 1.