> top > docs > PMC:7594251 > spans > 11358-20827 > annotations

PMC:7594251 / 11358-20827 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T8612 5679-5686 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G15021LG denotes glucose
T44926 5803-5810 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G15021LG denotes glucose

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T43252 5679-5686 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T49086 5803-5810 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T48591 7928-7940 Body_part denotes phospholipid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82779
T16532 8003-8006 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T27437 8160-8163 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T23683 9248-9253 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T17125 9290-9294 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T71533 189-192 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T11494 376-377 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T62411 461-462 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T22590 463-469 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T23235 790-799 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremely
T66345 844-847 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T3179 848-849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38441 935-944 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremely
T85356 1034-1035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55626 1116-1117 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7693 1361-1364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T74928 1431-1437 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T89386 1467-1468 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25318 1492-1502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes in organic
T33905 2043-2044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T68532 2063-2068 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T34126 2272-2275 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T31583 2276-2277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T16829 2311-2318 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signals
T20933 2351-2357 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T99257 2537-2543 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T77549 2728-2734 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T61613 2763-2764 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T96943 2955-2956 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55349 3042-3043 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T77383 3058-3063 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T73188 3103-3104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T78366 3156-3161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T25547 3417-3418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T31964 3486-3487 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20822 3596-3597 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T63367 3785-3791 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T91886 3896-3897 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T73157 4038-4041 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T7374 4191-4198 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signals
T55495 4206-4207 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T28108 4302-4305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T85300 4444-4447 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T32942 4448-4449 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T90006 4915-4921 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T67222 4965-4966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T67710 5303-5304 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9295 5432-5433 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92474 5869-5875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T45804 6082-6085 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T42617 6086-6087 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T69056 6264-6265 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13009 6397-6398 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53392 6530-6531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T47108 6577-6578 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T33086 6651-6658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focuses
T45570 6748-6754 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T41073 6761-6762 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T98684 6865-6873 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labeling
T86896 6896-6899 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053001 denotes 114
T1229 7240-7246 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T1088 7263-7269 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes Signal
T92599 7511-7512 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T87879 7543-7544 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T52531 7838-7839 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T49797 8185-8193 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 denotes bacteria
T79755 8195-8197 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T36380 8296-8297 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T78941 8346-8348 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000005794 denotes CP
T26738 8450-8451 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T50950 8498-8506 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 denotes bacteria
T83068 8549-8557 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 denotes bacteria
T72911 8603-8609 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T66455 8649-8650 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T71611 8768-8770 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T15967 8870-8878 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labeling
T47909 9164-9167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001053 denotes 121
T76054 9248-9253 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T47371 9290-9294 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T73 124-128 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T74 677-682 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T75 725-730 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T76 780-782 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T77 813-817 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T78 916-924 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T79 925-930 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T80 962-971 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T81 1164-1166 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T82 1252-1256 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T83 1314-1316 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T84 1325-1327 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T85 1328-1336 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T86 1408-1415 Chemical denotes tritium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29238
T87 1438-1444 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T88 1541-1543 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T89 1675-1677 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T90 1767-1776 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T91 1809-1813 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T92 1828-1832 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T93 1891-1896 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T94 1913-1920 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T95 2098-2103 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T96 2156-2161 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T97 2343-2350 Chemical denotes solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787
T98 2531-2536 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T99 2561-2569 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T100 2575-2578 Chemical denotes H2O http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T101 2582-2590 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T102 2609-2614 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T103 2634-2642 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T104 2711-2716 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T105 2722-2727 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T106 2846-2854 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T107 2883-2888 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T108 3253-3258 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T109 3280-3285 Chemical denotes WATER http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T110 3469-3474 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T111 3578-3583 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T112 3686-3697 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T113 3753-3758 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T114 3898-3903 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T115 4127-4129 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T116 4152-4159 Chemical denotes nucleus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T117 4256-4258 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T118 4342-4348 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T119 4436-4438 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T120 4613-4615 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T121 5000-5006 Chemical denotes proton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24636
T122 5065-5071 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T124 5072-5078 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T125 5200-5204 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T126 5336-5338 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T127 5404-5409 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T128 5492-5497 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T129 5555-5557 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T130 5592-5594 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T131 5654-5662 Chemical denotes naringin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28819
T132 5664-5671 Chemical denotes sucrose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17992
T133 5679-5686 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T135 5769-5777 Chemical denotes naringin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28819
T136 5779-5792 Chemical denotes neohesperidin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59016
T137 5803-5810 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T139 5812-5819 Chemical denotes sucrose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17992
T140 5821-5829 Chemical denotes limonene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15384
T141 5831-5840 Chemical denotes narirutin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28705
T142 5846-5856 Chemical denotes synephrine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29081|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58606
T144 5998-6000 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T145 6155-6157 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T146 6308-6310 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T147 6390-6392 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T148 6448-6450 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T149 6670-6679 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T150 6711-6723 Chemical denotes ethanolamine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16000|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23981|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_57603
T153 7596-7598 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T154 7619-7629 Chemical denotes phosphorus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28659|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35895
T156 7686-7690 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T157 7731-7742 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T158 7794-7803 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T159 7840-7855 Chemical denotes phosphorus atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28659|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30207
T161 7840-7850 Chemical denotes phosphorus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35895
T162 7851-7855 Chemical denotes atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T163 7928-7940 Chemical denotes phospholipid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16247
T164 7953-7956 Chemical denotes ATP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15422|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30616
T166 7958-7962 Chemical denotes NADP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18009|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25523
T168 8003-8006 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T169 8160-8163 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T170 8312-8314 Chemical denotes 1H http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T171 8346-8348 Chemical denotes CP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3380|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73461
T173 8409-8419 Chemical denotes ampicillin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28971
T174 8737-8747 Chemical denotes phosphorus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28659|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35895
T176 8753-8766 Chemical denotes nucleic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T177 8761-8766 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T178 8980-8986 Chemical denotes chloro http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47853
T179 9055-9061 Chemical denotes lipids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059
T180 9073-9081 Chemical denotes hydroxyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
T182 9083-9091 Chemical denotes aldehyde http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17478
T183 9463-9468 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
77 863-867 Gene denotes high Gene:104137
78 653-657 Gene denotes high Gene:104137
79 296-300 Gene denotes high Gene:104137
80 780-782 Chemical denotes 1H
81 916-924 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
82 1161-1163 Chemical denotes 1D
83 1164-1166 Chemical denotes 1H
84 1186-1189 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
85 1198-1201 Chemical denotes 15N
86 1211-1213 Chemical denotes 1D
87 1214-1217 Chemical denotes 31P
89 1311-1316 Chemical denotes 1D 1H
115 2681-2685 Gene denotes spin Gene:10927
116 1325-1327 Chemical denotes 1H
117 1328-1336 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
118 1408-1415 Chemical denotes tritium MESH:D014316
119 1538-1540 Chemical denotes 1D
120 1541-1543 Chemical denotes 1H
121 1675-1677 Chemical denotes 1H
122 1891-1896 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
123 2098-2103 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
124 2156-2161 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
125 2531-2536 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
126 2561-2569 Chemical denotes hydrogen MESH:D006859
127 2575-2578 Chemical denotes H2O
128 2722-2727 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
129 2883-2888 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
130 3253-3258 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
131 3280-3285 Chemical denotes WATER MESH:D014867
132 3469-3474 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
133 3578-3583 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
134 3753-3758 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
135 3898-3903 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
136 4127-4129 Chemical denotes 1H
137 4256-4258 Chemical denotes 1H
138 4357-4360 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
139 4362-4365 Chemical denotes 15N
141 4411-4417 Chemical denotes 1D 13C
167 4436-4438 Chemical denotes 1H
168 4440-4443 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
169 4533-4536 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
170 4613-4615 Chemical denotes 1H
171 4630-4633 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
172 5065-5071 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
173 5193-5196 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
174 5336-5338 Chemical denotes 1H
175 5343-5346 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
176 5555-5557 Chemical denotes 1H
177 5565-5568 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
178 5592-5594 Chemical denotes 1H
179 5654-5662 Chemical denotes naringin MESH:C005274
180 5664-5671 Chemical denotes sucrose MESH:D013395
181 5679-5686 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
182 5695-5698 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
183 5769-5777 Chemical denotes naringin MESH:C005274
184 5779-5792 Chemical denotes neohesperidin MESH:C546526
185 5803-5810 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
186 5812-5819 Chemical denotes sucrose MESH:D013395
187 5821-5829 Chemical denotes limonene MESH:D000077222
188 5831-5840 Chemical denotes narirutin MESH:C500601
189 5846-5856 Chemical denotes synephrine MESH:D013578
190 5892-5895 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
191 5998-6000 Chemical denotes 1H
193 6028-6034 Chemical denotes 1D 15N
206 6761-6765 Gene denotes a 2D Gene:11273
207 6078-6081 Chemical denotes 15N
208 6126-6129 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
209 6155-6157 Chemical denotes 1H
210 6308-6310 Chemical denotes 1H
211 6328-6331 Chemical denotes 15N
212 6390-6392 Chemical denotes 1H
213 6430-6433 Chemical denotes 15N
214 6448-6450 Chemical denotes 1H
215 6548-6551 Chemical denotes 15N
216 6572-6575 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
217 6707-6723 Chemical denotes 15N-ethanolamine
219 7495-7501 Chemical denotes 1D 31P
232 8263-8270 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
233 8388-8395 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
234 7596-7598 Chemical denotes 1H
235 7619-7629 Chemical denotes phosphorus MESH:D010758
236 7746-7749 Chemical denotes 31P
237 7840-7850 Chemical denotes phosphorus MESH:D010758
238 7867-7870 Chemical denotes 31P
239 7928-7940 Chemical denotes phospholipid MESH:D010743
240 7953-7956 Chemical denotes ATP MESH:D000255
241 7958-7962 Chemical denotes NADP MESH:D009249
242 8409-8419 Chemical denotes ampicillin MESH:D000667
243 8737-8747 Chemical denotes phosphorus MESH:D010758
251 8858-8861 Chemical denotes 13C MESH:C000615229
252 8866-8869 Chemical denotes 15N
253 8978-9022 Chemical denotes 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyldioxaphospholane MESH:C548759
254 9024-9029 Chemical denotes CTMDP MESH:C548759
255 9055-9061 Chemical denotes lipids MESH:D008055
256 9083-9091 Chemical denotes aldehyde MESH:D000447
257 9097-9105 Chemical denotes carboxyl

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T6950 2595-2603 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T20318 7928-7951 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006644 denotes phospholipid metabolism
T95169 7941-7951 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 denotes metabolism
T97670 9378-9388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 denotes metabolism

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T78 0-4 Sentence denotes 2.1.
T79 5-37 Sentence denotes One Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy
T80 38-137 Sentence denotes The one-dimensional (1D) experiment is by far the most common NMR experiment used for drug studies.
T81 138-320 Sentence denotes The 1D acquisition takes the least amount of time, has one of the simplest hardware requirements, and therefore, in most cases, 1D-NMR is more attractive for high throughput studies.
T82 321-494 Sentence denotes One dimensional NMR spectroscopy normally incorporates a preparation period, some form of induced excitation to form coherence, and lastly, a signal “read” detection period.
T83 495-606 Sentence denotes The preparation period can be modified according to the needs of the experiment or the specifics of the sample.
T84 607-776 Sentence denotes Simple 1D NMR is capable of rapidly producing high-quality spectra of drugs and their targets while revealing how the drugs and targets may interact at the atomic level.
T85 777-984 Sentence denotes 1D 1H-NMR is extremely effective in drug design studies because it has a (relatively) high sensitivity, it is non-destructive, and because hydrogen atoms are extremely abundant in most molecules of interest.
T86 985-1150 Sentence denotes Therefore the resulting spectra usually contains a large amount of relevant information and this wealth of data can be acquired in a relatively short period of time.
T87 1151-1302 Sentence denotes The basic 1D 1H-NMR, along with 1D 13C-NMR, 1D 15N-NMR, and 1D 31P-NMR, and their respective uses in drug design/discovery are briefly discussed below.
T88 1304-1310 Sentence denotes 2.1.1.
T89 1311-1320 Sentence denotes 1D 1H-NMR
T90 1321-1522 Sentence denotes The 1H hydrogen isotope is NMR visible, has the highest gyromagnetic ratio (apart from tritium) of all of NMR active nuclei, and is combined with a vast natural abundance in organic chemical compounds.
T91 1523-1598 Sentence denotes This makes the 1D-1H-NMR experiment the most commonly applied NMR approach.
T92 1599-1791 Sentence denotes Moreover, many software databases [99,100,101,102] are well established for 1H-NMR spectra therefore assisting with processing, analyzing, and identifying the detected molecules automatically.
T93 1792-1959 Sentence denotes Since almost all drug discovery and drug development studies are performed on samples dissolved in water, many different solvent suppression methods have been applied.
T94 1960-2003 Sentence denotes The most common is presaturation [103,104].
T95 2004-2104 Sentence denotes The key point of this method is to use a low power induced field at the specific frequency of water.
T96 2105-2172 Sentence denotes This effectively averages out any coherence of the water resonance.
T97 2173-2422 Sentence denotes The experiment is simple for common hardware to perform and easy to set up; however, presaturation has a substantial disadvantage in that signals resonating close to the solvent signal will show decreased intensity [103,104] or may be lost entirely.
T98 2423-2544 Sentence denotes This is due to the fact the even selective pulses or very low power pulses also excite some area around the water signal.
T99 2545-2717 Sentence denotes Also suppressed hydrogen from H2O in solution can exchange with atoms of interest in the molecule and effectively bleed the suppressive spin state to any neighboring atoms.
T100 2718-2870 Sentence denotes The water signal itself is usually broad, so a wider area of suppression is not necessarily undesirable but affects more of the molecule(s) of interest.
T101 2871-3004 Sentence denotes More recent water suppression techniques have been developed such as those based on a scheme known as excitation sculpting [105,106].
T102 3005-3178 Sentence denotes The basic pulse sequence consists of a double pulsed field gradient echo (DPFGE) in each of which a selective component pulse is flanked by two pulsed field gradients [107].
T103 3179-3237 Sentence denotes The particular elements differ for different applications.
T104 3238-3550 Sentence denotes In the case of water suppression known as WATER suppression by GrAdient Tailored Excitation (WATERGATE), this involves an initial encoding gradient along with the middle element; a combination of two selective 90° rotations on the water along with a central non-selective 180° excitation of all resonances [108].
T105 3551-3681 Sentence denotes This is predicated in that water experiences a 360° rotation (effectively nothing) while all other spins experience 180° rotation.
T106 3682-3792 Sentence denotes The application of the second refocusing gradient does not rephase the water and therefore removes the signal.
T107 3793-3881 Sentence denotes The reader is referred to the detailed literature [103,104,109] for further information.
T108 3882-4117 Sentence denotes In principle, a water suppression element (or many elements combined) can be incorporated in any existing pulse sequence to enhance the performance, and it has been implemented in various 1D, 2D, and triple resonance 3D/4D experiments.
T109 4118-4296 Sentence denotes Although 1H is the most sensitive nucleus for NMR yielding strong, sharp signals within a few minutes [110], chemical shift dispersion of 1H is quite narrow (only around 10 ppm).
T110 4297-4402 Sentence denotes This has prompted the consideration of other nuclei such as 13C, 15N, or 31P for resolution improvements.
T111 4404-4410 Sentence denotes 2.1.2.
T112 4411-4421 Sentence denotes 1D 13C-NMR
T113 4422-4551 Sentence denotes Compared with 1H, 13C has a much higher chemical shift dispersion (~200 ppm), however the natural abundance of 13C is low (1.1%).
T114 4552-4716 Sentence denotes Additionally, the gyromagnetic ratio is ~4 times weaker than 1H and therefore 13C spectra are far more difficult to obtain especially for less concentrated samples.
T115 4717-5178 Sentence denotes There are some polarization transfer techniques such as Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT) or Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT), which can enhance signal intensity by starting the magnetization on a higher sensitivity and abundance proton and then transferring magnetization to the less sensitive carbon nuclei for subsequent direct detection [111], but this requires additional hardware and acquisition times.
T116 5179-5262 Sentence denotes The use of 1D 13C in drug design studies was illustrated by Tsujimoto et al. [112].
T117 5263-5410 Sentence denotes The goal of the study was to examine if a metabolomics approach based on 1H and 13C offers significant improvements when comparing potential drugs.
T118 5411-5585 Sentence denotes The authors prepared a total of 40 samples with five different citrus-type crude drugs (kijitsu, tohi, chimpi, kippi and seihi) and measured 1D 1H and 1D 13C for each sample.
T119 5586-5858 Sentence denotes While 1H-NMR spectra allowed the identification of three compounds (naringin, sucrose, and β-glucose), using 13C-NMR allowed unambiguous identification of eight additional compounds (naringin, neohesperidin, α- and β-glucose, sucrose, limonene, narirutin, and synephrine).
T120 5859-6019 Sentence denotes The added signal resolution from 13C-NMR spectra allowed researchers to obtain better structural information about the compounds than from 1H-NMR spectra alone.
T121 6021-6027 Sentence denotes 2.1.3.
T122 6028-6038 Sentence denotes 1D 15N-NMR
T123 6039-6158 Sentence denotes In comparison to the previous example, 15N has a lower shift dispersion (~100ppm) than 13C, but higher than that of 1H.
T124 6159-6311 Sentence denotes Here, the situation is unfortunately severely limited due to an even lower natural abundance (0.37%) and a gyromagnetic ratio ~10 times smaller than 1H.
T125 6312-6393 Sentence denotes This means that 15N’s combined sensitivity is around 260,000 times lower than 1H.
T126 6394-6560 Sentence denotes As a result, isotopic enrichment of 15N combined with 1H-mediated enhancement via indirect detection is often needed in order to obtain a satisfactory 1D 15N spectra.
T127 6561-6638 Sentence denotes Similar to 13C, a few methods are available to overcome such low sensitivity.
T128 6639-6813 Sentence denotes One of them focuses on tagging molecules with carboxyl groups using 15N-ethanolamine and later detecting the signal using a 2D heteronuclear correlation NMR experiment [113].
T129 6814-6901 Sentence denotes Currently, novel approaches such as “smart isotope labeling” have been developed [114].
T130 6902-7161 Sentence denotes Also, the SOFAST (Band-Selective Optimized Flip Angle Short Transient) technique can help but results in substantial hardware considerations/drawbacks and often increased concentrations, and/or dramatically longer experiments are still required [115,116,117].
T131 7162-7199 Sentence denotes Promising methods are on the horizon.
T132 7200-7486 Sentence denotes These methods include 15N heteronuclear signal enhancement via Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH); however, more work and research are required before such methods can be applied for biomedical purposes [118].
T133 7488-7494 Sentence denotes 2.1.4.
T134 7495-7505 Sentence denotes 1D 31P-NMR
T135 7506-7717 Sentence denotes With a natural abundance of 100% and a gyromagnetic ratio of about 2.5 times smaller than 1H, one may think that phosphorus could be broadly used for NMR experiments regarding the drug discovery and development.
T136 7718-7856 Sentence denotes However, the application of 31P is limited due to the fact that most of the molecules of interest simply do not contain a phosphorus atom.
T137 7857-8020 Sentence denotes Therefore 31P-NMR is usually applicable for studies related to energy, phospholipid metabolism (ATP, NADP), and/or characterization of changes in DNA [94,119,120].
T138 8021-8199 Sentence denotes For example, Overall et al. conducted an experiment in which they showed that 31P solid-state NMR can be used for quantitative analysis of DNA dynamics within live bacteria [94].
T139 8200-8361 Sentence denotes For that, the researchers first prepared untreated cultures of E. coli, and measured them using a Hartmann-Hahn 1H to 31P cross-polarization (31P CP) experiment.
T140 8362-8467 Sentence denotes Afterwards, they measured E. coli treated with ampicillin and maculatin 1.1 (Mac1.1) in a similar manner.
T141 8468-8772 Sentence denotes Spectra obtained from treated bacteria compared to those obtained from untreated bacteria showed alterations in the lineshape, reduced signal intensity at the spectrum’s edges, and a shift in spectral density towards 0 ppm which indicated the increased dynamics of the phosphorus from nucleic acids [94].
T142 8773-8849 Sentence denotes Over time, several innovations have been applied to expand the usage of 31P.
T143 8850-8951 Sentence denotes Like in 13C and 15N labeling of specific biological compounds, incorporation of 31P can also be used.
T144 8952-9169 Sentence denotes In order to achieve that, 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyldioxaphospholane (CTMDP) can be used for tagging lipids containing hydroxyl, aldehyde, and carboxyl groups that can later be detected with better resolution [121].
T145 9170-9311 Sentence denotes Another fairly recent method enables toxicological screening of 31P in living cells for several hours without affecting cell viability [122].
T146 9312-9469 Sentence denotes This specific method can be used to observe the changes in energy metabolism in real-time while enabling the evaluation of the effects of administered drugs.