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PMC:7594251 / 103375-107948
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T20 | 6-10 | Body_part | denotes | Cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T21 | 60-68 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T22 | 166-170 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T23 | 276-280 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T24 | 309-313 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T25 | 348-352 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T26 | 416-420 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T27 | 482-489 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T28 | 491-495 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T29 | 643-647 | Body_part | denotes | Cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T30 | 717-721 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T31 | 916-920 | Body_part | denotes | Cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T32 | 951-955 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T33 | 1031-1038 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T34 | 1062-1070 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T35 | 1106-1110 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T36 | 1188-1192 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T37 | 1261-1265 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T38 | 1299-1306 | Body_part | denotes | oocytes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma18644 |
T39 | 1320-1325 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T40 | 1343-1348 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T41 | 1361-1366 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T42 | 1389-1394 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T43 | 1456-1460 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T44 | 1490-1494 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T45 | 1683-1691 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T46 | 1756-1763 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T47 | 1858-1865 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T48 | 1947-1969 | Body_part | denotes | proteins and complexes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67906 |
T49 | 1947-1955 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T50 | 2073-2080 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T51 | 2122-2126 | Body_part | denotes | Cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T52 | 2134-2138 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T53 | 2158-2166 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T54 | 2205-2208 | Body_part | denotes | DNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412 |
T55 | 2222-2235 | Body_part | denotes | RNA molecules | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84126 |
T56 | 2222-2225 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T57 | 2313-2317 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T58 | 2354-2358 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T59 | 2688-2695 | Body_part | denotes | histone | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74413 |
T60 | 2990-2998 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T61 | 3014-3019 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
T62 | 3079-3099 | Body_part | denotes | scaffolding proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62376 |
T63 | 3101-3104 | Body_part | denotes | SPs | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62376 |
T64 | 3162-3170 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T65 | 3200-3208 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T66 | 3276-3279 | Body_part | denotes | SPs | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62376 |
T67 | 3578-3595 | Body_part | denotes | protein complexes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67906 |
T68 | 3578-3585 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T69 | 3850-3854 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T70 | 3913-3921 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T71 | 3947-3955 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T72 | 4014-4019 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T73 | 4052-4060 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T35 | 3014-3019 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T119 | 652-655 | Disease | denotes | STD | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021681 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T29 | 6-10 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | Cell |
T30 | 166-170 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T31 | 276-280 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T32 | 309-313 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T33 | 348-352 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T34 | 416-420 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T35 | 463-470 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labeled |
T36 | 491-495 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T37 | 543-544 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T38 | 643-647 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | Cell |
T39 | 663-664 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T40 | 717-721 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T41 | 762-771 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labelling |
T42 | 814-823 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labelling |
T43 | 916-920 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | Cell |
T44 | 951-955 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T45 | 1004-1011 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labeled |
T46 | 1023-1030 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labeled |
T47 | 1091-1098 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labeled |
T48 | 1106-1110 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T49 | 1188-1197 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000 | denotes | cell type |
T50 | 1206-1214 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labeling |
T51 | 1261-1271 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000 | denotes | cell types |
T52 | 1283-1291 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 | denotes | bacteria |
T53 | 1308-1311 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001360 | denotes | 412 |
T54 | 1320-1325 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
T55 | 1343-1348 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
T56 | 1356-1366 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054283 | denotes | HeLa cells |
T57 | 1356-1366 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054285 | denotes | HeLa cells |
T58 | 1356-1366 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054286 | denotes | HeLa cells |
T59 | 1356-1366 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054287 | denotes | HeLa cells |
T60 | 1356-1366 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054288 | denotes | HeLa cells |
T61 | 1356-1366 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054289 | denotes | HeLa cells |
T62 | 1356-1360 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003684 | denotes | HeLa |
T63 | 1356-1360 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050910 | denotes | HeLa |
T64 | 1389-1394 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
T65 | 1456-1460 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T66 | 1490-1499 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000 | denotes | cell type |
T67 | 1586-1594 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labeling |
T68 | 1707-1715 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labeling |
T69 | 1716-1719 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T70 | 1737-1738 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T71 | 1947-1969 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043234 | denotes | proteins and complexes |
T72 | 1998-2006 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labeling |
T73 | 2122-2126 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | Cell |
T74 | 2134-2138 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T75 | 2172-2175 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T76 | 2313-2317 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T77 | 2354-2358 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T78 | 2386-2392 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labels |
T79 | 2439-2440 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T80 | 2676-2684 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
T81 | 2763-2770 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 | denotes | peptide |
T82 | 2799-2805 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
T83 | 2891-2892 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T84 | 3008-3013 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
T85 | 3014-3019 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
T86 | 3014-3019 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
T87 | 3031-3036 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | Virus |
T88 | 3059-3066 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
T89 | 3101-3104 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009124 | denotes | SPs |
T90 | 3141-3153 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 | denotes | organization |
T91 | 3214-3215 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T92 | 3237-3245 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001898 | denotes | called a |
T93 | 3276-3279 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009124 | denotes | SPs |
T94 | 3395-3396 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T95 | 3503-3504 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T96 | 3578-3595 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043234 | denotes | protein complexes |
T97 | 3626-3627 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T98 | 3850-3854 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T99 | 3894-3901 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 | denotes | signals |
T100 | 4014-4019 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
T101 | 4044-4051 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | labeled |
T102 | 4115-4134 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005575 | denotes | cellular components |
T103 | 4169-4174 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T104 | 4321-4326 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T105 | 4515-4520 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T50928 | 60-68 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T73305 | 74-81 | Chemical | denotes | ligands | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214 |
T694 | 89-98 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
T6431 | 182-186 | Chemical | denotes | drug | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
T12156 | 482-489 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T904 | 1031-1038 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T68030 | 1062-1070 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T15087 | 1543-1554 | Chemical | denotes | application | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232 |
T28739 | 1683-1691 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T30354 | 1746-1751 | Chemical | denotes | probe | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406 |
T31171 | 1756-1763 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T89156 | 1764-1770 | Chemical | denotes | ligand | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214 |
T4462 | 1858-1865 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T53184 | 1866-1872 | Chemical | denotes | ligand | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214 |
T12716 | 1947-1955 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T55010 | 2073-2080 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T36099 | 2158-2166 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T27611 | 2205-2208 | Chemical | denotes | DNA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991 |
T26374 | 2226-2235 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
T78103 | 2405-2411 | Chemical | denotes | ligand | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214 |
T8816 | 2490-2496 | Chemical | denotes | ligand | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214 |
T57310 | 2688-2695 | Chemical | denotes | histone | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15358 |
T38623 | 2712-2718 | Chemical | denotes | acetyl | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46887 |
T69261 | 2763-2770 | Chemical | denotes | peptide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670 |
T57840 | 2897-2902 | Chemical | denotes | probe | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406 |
T91758 | 2990-2998 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T76741 | 3091-3099 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T32116 | 3162-3170 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T22144 | 3200-3208 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T56756 | 3578-3585 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T85962 | 3689-3703 | Chemical | denotes | macromolecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33839 |
T98627 | 3913-3921 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T21932 | 3947-3955 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T71997 | 4052-4060 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T71491 | 4288-4302 | Chemical | denotes | macromolecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33839 |
T9832 | 4354-4363 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
T55558 | 4496-4505 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
T52166 | 4525-4530 | Chemical | denotes | probe | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406 |
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1120 | 1168-1176 | Species | denotes | C) media | Tax:140785 |
1123 | 1019-1022 | Chemical | denotes | 15N | |
1124 | 1144-1147 | Chemical | denotes | 13C | MESH:C000615229 |
1125 | 1149-1152 | Chemical | denotes | 15N | |
1126 | 1162-1165 | Chemical | denotes | 15N | |
1129 | 1596-1599 | Chemical | denotes | 15N | |
1131 | 3008-3013 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
1133 | 3276-3279 | Chemical | denotes | SPs |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T2 | 1106-1117 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016049 | denotes | cell growth |
T3 | 1111-1117 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 | denotes | growth |
T4 | 2818-2830 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016791 | denotes | phosphatases |
T5 | 3297-3311 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019068 | denotes | viral assembly |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T18 | 3793-3802 | Phenotype | denotes | Whitehead | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025250 |
T19 | 4201-4210 | Phenotype | denotes | Whitehead | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025250 |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T684 | 0-2 | Sentence | denotes | 4. |
T685 | 3-25 | Sentence | denotes | In-Cell NMR Approaches |
T686 | 26-205 | Sentence | denotes | The interactions between targets (proteins) and ligands (small molecules) can be analyzed independently of the biological systems by using ‘cell-based’ NMR drug design approaches. |
T687 | 206-357 | Sentence | denotes | Three basic approaches [409] are as follows: (1) Compound-detected in-cell NMR, (2) Target-detected in-cell NMR, and (3) Reporter-detected in-cell NMR. |
T688 | 358-542 | Sentence | denotes | These methods, with the exception of compound detected in-cell NMR, differ according to the isotopically labeled structure (protein, cell structure, etc.), which enables NMR detection. |
T689 | 543-615 | Sentence | denotes | A cartoon representation of each of these methods is given in Figure 13. |
T690 | 617-621 | Sentence | denotes | 4.1. |
T691 | 622-651 | Sentence | denotes | Compound-Detected In-Cell NMR |
T692 | 652-796 | Sentence | denotes | STD NMR is a technique that lies within the compound-detected in-cell NMR method but does not require isotope-labelling of the studied compound. |
T693 | 797-890 | Sentence | denotes | However isotopic labelling of the compound may be used to enhance the quality of the spectra. |
T694 | 892-896 | Sentence | denotes | 4.2. |
T695 | 897-924 | Sentence | denotes | Target-Detected In-Cell NMR |
T696 | 925-1040 | Sentence | denotes | In the target-detected in-cell NMR only the target of interest is isotopically labeled (i.e., 15N labeled protein). |
T697 | 1041-1183 | Sentence | denotes | For instance, target proteins can be isotopically labeled during cell growth in isotopically enriched (13C, 15N, or both 15N/13C) media [410]. |
T698 | 1184-1250 | Sentence | denotes | The cell type and the labeling method may vary across experiments. |
T699 | 1251-1438 | Sentence | denotes | Different cell types, including bacteria [411], oocytes [412], yeast cells [413], mammalian cells [414], HeLa cells [415] and even insect cells [416] have been reported in the literature. |
T700 | 1439-1573 | Sentence | denotes | The fact that in-cell NMR applies to more than one cell type testifies of the versatility and potential application of this technique. |
T701 | 1574-1692 | Sentence | denotes | In terms of labeling, 15N is one of the most commonly used approaches [417] when the targets of interest are proteins. |
T702 | 1693-1790 | Sentence | denotes | Recently, 19F labeling has been reported as a useful probe for protein-ligand interactions [418]. |
T703 | 1791-1892 | Sentence | denotes | It was shown that 19F can reveal information about the dynamics of protein-ligand interactions [419]. |
T704 | 1893-2094 | Sentence | denotes | Methyl groups [420] have also been used as probes for proteins and complexes in vivo [420], proving that labeling specific chemical groups instead of the entire biomolecule (i.e., protein) is feasible. |
T705 | 2096-2100 | Sentence | denotes | 4.3. |
T706 | 2101-2130 | Sentence | denotes | Reporter-Detected In-Cell NMR |
T707 | 2131-2246 | Sentence | denotes | In-cell NMR extends beyond proteins, and has been applied successfully to DNA [93,421] and RNA molecules [422,423]. |
T708 | 2247-2328 | Sentence | denotes | Telomeric repeats have also been studied using target detected in-cell NMR [424]. |
T709 | 2329-2518 | Sentence | denotes | The reporter-detected in-cell NMR technique isotopically labels neither the ligand nor the target, but rather a receptor that indirectly measures the effects of ligand-target binding [409]. |
T710 | 2519-2579 | Sentence | denotes | The “reporter” varies according to the experimental context. |
T711 | 2580-2731 | Sentence | denotes | For instance, Dose et al. [425] used acetylation- and deacetylation-based assays to monitor the activity of histone deacetylase and acetyl-transferase. |
T712 | 2732-2854 | Sentence | denotes | Thongwichian et al. [426] used peptide-based reporters to identify active kinases and phosphatases in cellular conditions. |
T713 | 2855-3020 | Sentence | denotes | Lastly, Doura et al. [427] designed a 19F probe that operates in biological conditions in order to study the adherence and dynamics of proteins found in human blood. |
T714 | 3022-3050 | Sentence | denotes | 4.4. “In-Virus” NMR Strategy |
T715 | 3051-3266 | Sentence | denotes | In many viruses and phages, scaffolding proteins (SPs) are required to ensure the correct organization of coat proteins (CPs) and other minor capsid proteins into a precursor structure, called a procapsid [428,429]. |
T716 | 3267-3445 | Sentence | denotes | Although SPs are critical for viral assembly and therefore potential therapeutic targets their structural properties (with only a few exceptions [430,431]) are poorly understood. |
T717 | 3446-3596 | Sentence | denotes | The size limitation of NMR can be used advantageously as a filter to identify disordered segments even in very large supramolecular protein complexes. |
T718 | 3597-3739 | Sentence | denotes | In this way, NMR can provide a unique perspective on the dynamic and disordered elements of macromolecules not accessible by other techniques. |
T719 | 3740-4149 | Sentence | denotes | The procapsid encapsulation experiments described by Whitehead et al. [432] were conceptually analogous to in-cell NMR experiments [433,434,435] in which signals from small proteins, or flexible segments of proteins, can be observed when they are incorporated inside living cells, as long as the isotope-labeled proteins of interest do not interact strongly with other large cellular components [433,434,435]. |
T720 | 4150-4421 | Sentence | denotes | The so called ‘‘in-virus’’ NMR strategy applied by Whitehead et al. [432] could be more generally used to study the dynamic properties of macromolecules encapsulated into virus particles, including cargo molecules encased in viral capsids for nanotechnology applications. |
T721 | 4422-4573 | Sentence | denotes | Additionally, such studies could assess the level of interaction of cargo molecules with the virus and probe the release properties of cargo NMR [432]. |